共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
髋关节滑膜皱襞生长发育的应用解剖学研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
木文对胎儿、儿童和成人三个年龄组,总计126侧髋关节进行了解剖学观测.发现片状滑膜皱襞在胎儿5月龄时就已经发生,绒毛状皱襞则在儿童早期才开始出现.并发现滑膜皱襞伴随着机体的生长发育,形态逐渐增大,数量逐渐增多,直到成年期方趋于稳定.同时发现,髋关节的滑膜皱襞(唇外皱襞)主要分布在三个部位:股骨头韧带的基部、髋臼唇外缘和股骨颈滑膜反折处.特别是髋臼唇外缘的滑膜皱襞有少数(9.52%)嵌入头臼之间的缝隙之中,作者认为唇外皱襞(C皱襞)是导致儿童髋关节滑膜皱襞综合症的形态学基础. 相似文献
2.
为探讨非创伤性股骨头坏死常常发生在股骨头部位的原因 ,作者在激素性股骨头坏死兔模型的制作过程中 ,采用大剂量糖皮质激素诱导实验性股骨头坏死 ,观察用糖皮质激素过程中兔髋关节滑膜组织、圆韧带、股骨头、股骨髁、肱骨头的变化。对兔模型不同部位和不同时期进行了动态观察。结论 :激素不但可导致股骨头坏死 ,而且可导致滑膜组织、圆韧带、股骨髁、肱骨头坏死 ,股骨头坏死过程中 ,圆韧带也发生变性和坏死 ,它起的供血作用明显减弱 ,代偿作用又没有 ,因此股骨头坏死圆韧带动脉对股骨头血运的维持是不重要的。激素性股骨头坏死兔模型中 ,激素导致兔髋关节滑膜 ,股骨头圆韧带 ,股骨头 ,股骨髁 ,肱骨头组织坏死 ,激素的作用是全身的 ,不是单一对股骨头局部作用的。 相似文献
3.
本病名称较多,西医称之为髋关节一过性滑膜炎、急性髋关节暂时性滑膜炎,中医称其为小儿髋关节错缝、髋关节扭伤、小儿骶髂关节错缝等,是一种以12岁儿童发病为主的疾病,春夏季及秋冬交替季节发病较多。笔者从医多年,共收此类病患83例,男48例,女35例。年龄最小1.5岁,最大12岁,其中2岁～8岁71例,占85.5％。左侧发病31例,右侧52例。病程最短0.5天,最长7天。有剧烈活动史者61例;占73.5％。髋关节扭伤,俗称“髋掉环”,脱位分为前、后脱位和中心脱位三种类型,以后脱位最常见。后脱位是由于髋关节在屈曲、内收,受到来自股骨长轴方向的暴力,可使韧带撕裂,股骨头向后突破关节 相似文献
4.
?;儿童目的:观察综合疗法治疗3岁以下小儿发育性髋关节聪位手法复位固定后并发股骨头坏死的临床疗效。方法:对21 例(28髋)患者,采用手法按摩、牵引、复位固定并内服生脉成骨片(主要成份为木豆叶)的综合疗法治疗,疗程为9月,随访1-7 年 相似文献
5.
目的：研究双极股骨头置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的效果。方法：自2000.1-2005.12月,采用双极股骨头置换手术,治疗老年股骨颈头下型或经颈型骨折58例,男性32例,女性26例,平均年龄76.2岁。结果：除6例失访外,余52例平均随访时间为3年10个月,无一例切口感染和髋关节脱位。按Harris评分标准,术后髋关节平均评分87.8分。结论：对于大多数身体虚弱的高龄股骨颈骨折患者,股骨头置换是重建髋关节功能的有效方法。 相似文献
6.
生物因素生物因素是指遗传因素。遗传因素,是生物体遗传给后代的生物特征。主要指生来就有的解剖生理特点,如肌体形态、构造、感官、神经系统的结构、机能等。对舞蹈学生所要求的体形,主要靠先天。如舞蹈演员髋关节外旋的幅度,是关系到舞姿造型的优美和能否完成高难技术的重要环节。依据人体关节韧带幅度增长10%为保险系数的经验,要使髋关节韧带达到双腿外旋180度,那么选才时双腿外旋就不能少于150度到160度。否则是练不到180度的。按韧带训练的增长度,如果学生的髋开度在150度以下,那么结果就难以达到训练要求,对学生未来动作的准确性会带来极大的困难。因此,先天条件、遗传因素是舞蹈学生中十分重要的因素。 相似文献
7.
自体红骨髓组织工程复合物治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
目的:探讨自体红骨髓组织工程复合物治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死的临床应用疗效。方法:本组9例,男性8例,女性1例;双侧股骨头坏死2例,右单侧股骨头坏死5例,左单侧股骨头坏死2例;术前均行X线摄片、CT、MRI检查,ARCO分期:Ⅰ期4髋,Ⅱ期7髋;C型臂X线透视下行股骨头坏死区和囊性变区定位、髓芯减压,关节镜监视下,刮除坏死骨送病理;植入由自体红骨髓与含BMP的骨诱导活性材料复合成的非细胞型组织工程骨,并用空心钛钉支撑股骨头软骨下骨质。结果:术后主要观察患者跛行、疼痛、关节功能和影像学表现较术前改善率,本组9例均获得随访,随访时间12~24个月,平均18个月。术前术后采用12分法评分系统评定:优:6髋;良:4髋;可:1髋;差:0髋,优良率为90.9%。结论:自体红骨髓组织工程复合物植入结合临床应用髓芯减压、空心钛钉支撑,在减轻疼痛、改善股骨头内循环、促进骨修复、防止或延缓股骨头塌陷有极好的作用,为临床治疗成人ARCOⅠ期、Ⅱ期股骨头缺血性坏死一种有效的新方法。 相似文献
8.
研究股骨近端空心钉锁定板内固定微创治疗青壮年股骨近端骨折的临床疗效及优点。采用透视下闭合复位应用股骨近端空心钉锁定板内固定治疗41例青壮年股骨颈基底部GardenⅠ～Ⅲ型骨折或股骨转子间EvansⅠ～Ⅱ型骨折。观察术后骨折愈合情况、髋关节功能恢复情况及股骨头坏死情况。结果显示,41例患者骨折愈合率为100%,无髋内翻及内固定失败;髋关节功能优良率90%(Harris评分标准);股骨头坏死率7.3%。结果表明,该方法具有创伤小、操作简单、固定可靠和并发症少等优点。 相似文献
9.
《启蒙(3-7岁)》2012,(9):27
轮滑对儿童平衡能力、柔韧性、应急反应能力等方面的发展非常有益。不过,由于轮滑是一项较专业的运动,因此要特别注意以下5个方面:⒈在进行轮滑运动之前先要热身。除了轻、慢地滑行外,拉韧带,活动髋、膝、踝关节也是必不可少的,至少要热身5～10分钟。⒉在玩轮滑时,护具是必需的。在护具中,以护膝最为重要,无论是初学者还是轮滑高手, 相似文献
10.
对89例全髋置换术患者进行渐进式精心康复护理,患者接受了正确的体位及康复锻炼.发生一例肺部感染,一例压疮,一例因心肌梗塞死亡,一例脑梗塞放弃治疗.87例恢复了髋关节的主动运动功能.表明正确的康复护理是手术成功的重要保证,同时有利于促进患者早日康复,提高生活质量. 相似文献
11.
目的：分析和评价加长柄人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆部不稳定骨折的方法及疗效。方法：本组15例,男10例,女5例;年龄70～90}0,平均79岁。骨折按Evans分类,ⅢA型9例,ⅢB型6例。取髋关节后外侧切口,术中注意保留股骨大、小转子部位的骨折块,用骨水泥固定,争取将其重新复位。由于股骨颈及股骨距骨缺损,在插入人工股骨柄之前可用试模测试。股骨距部位的骨缺损用骨水泥充填重塑,关节腔内置负压引流管48—72h。结果：15例患者均康复出院。住院时间16～24d,平均20d。均获得随访,平均随访时间8个月（6—12个月）,伤口均一期愈合,无感染,无假体松动,无下肢深静脉栓塞发生,无髋关节脱位或半脱位发生,无病人死于手术并发症,12例病人髋关节功能满意。结论：加长柄人工股骨头置换术是治疗高龄股骨粗隆部不稳定骨折的可靠方法,其操作可行,疗效满意,可降低死亡率、改善生活质量。 相似文献
12.
Objective： The aim of this retrospective investigation was to explore the influence of femoral osteoporosis on short-term curative effects ofcementless hip arthroplasty and to evaluate the femoral metaphyseal bone mineral density （BMD） for femoral osteoporosis in order to guide prosthesis choice and rehabilitation. Methods： We performed 127 total arthroplasty operations between June 1999 to February 2003 and investigated 49 cementless hip replacements with the Metalcancellous cementless Lubeck Ⅱ system being used in all hips. There were twenty men and twenty-nine women whose mean age at the time of the operation was 60 years （range, 52-81 years）. The patients were divided into osteoporosis or normal groups according to the femoral metaphyseal BMD measured preoperatively. The average duration of follow-up was 30 months （range, 8-52 months）. We evaluated all of the patients from a clinical standpoint with use of a standard-terminology questionnaire with respect to the short-term curative effects and patients＇ satisfaction. Hip pain status and functional ability were important indicators of treatment efficacy. Results： Harris hip score and patients＇ satisfaction in femoral osteoporosis patients who underwent noncemented hip arthroplasty were lower （P=0.004, P=0.03） while the incidence of thigh pain was higher （P=0.03） than the patients with non-osteoporosis. Conclusion： The higher incidence of pain, as well as the decrease in function experienced by the patients in osteoporosis group, supports the case that cementless arthroplasty is not a better choice for those patients and that we had better select prosthesis based on the femoral metaphyseal BMD. 相似文献
13.
Thomas R. Gest William E. Burkel Gerald W. Cortright 《Anatomical sciences education》2009,2(3):126-134
The system of anatomical nomenclature needs to be logical and consistent. However, variations in translation to English of the Latin and Greek terminology used in Nomina Anatomica and Terminologia Anatomica have led to some inconsistency in the nomenclature of cutaneous nerves in the limbs. An historical review of cutaneous nerve nomenclature reveals that there are two general naming conventions: one primarily American and one primarily British. The American convention presents cutaneous nerves of the limbs in the format “medial brachial cutaneous nerve,” while the British convention presents the same nerve as “medial cutaneous nerve of the arm,” thereby translating “brachii” to “of the arm.” If logically and consistently applied throughout the body, the British convention would rename the sural nerve to the “nerve of the calf,” the brachial artery would become the “artery of the arm,” the femoral nerve would be “nerve of the thigh,” and femur would be “bone of the thigh” or “thigh bone.” The British convention leads to many other nomenclatural inconsistencies, which would seem to make learning anatomy more difficult for the beginning student. In this era of contracting anatomy curricula, every effort should be made to keep anatomical nomenclature simple, logical, and consistent. Anat Sci Ed 2:126–134, 2009. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists. 相似文献
14.
15.
提出了一种可以获得目标病例健康时股骨头模型的新建模方法.首先利用一种精确的自动分割方法在髋骨部位CT序列图像中提取髋臼轮廓;然后使用基于等距栅格采样法与辐条式采样法相结合的混合采样法得到髋臼凹面的空间坐标点集,并剔除其中的误差采样点;最后采用基于二次曲面一般方程的方法拟合原始股骨头椭球面模型.通过对2倒不同坏死程度的男性患者进行修复性的对比仿真,以及对50例不同年龄(25～79岁)患者修复重建后的匹配误差统计分析,证明此方法可以良好地还原坏死的股骨头模型,既为骨科临床中的精确手术定位提供了理论模型,又为针对个体化制造的人工假体生产提供了新的实践方法. 相似文献
16.
Naidoo S 《Child abuse & neglect》2000,24(4):521-534
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the head, face and neck injuries associated with child abuse cases in the Cape Peninsula, Cape Town. South Africa. METHOD: A retrospective, record-based analysis (n = 300) of non-accidental injuries at a Children's Hospital over a 5-year period (1992-1996) was carried out. RESULTS: The mean age of the sample was 4.75 years--54.3% were boys and 45.7% were girls. Most of the crimes were committed in the child's own home (88.7%). Crimes were reported by mothers (48.7%), grandmothers (11.7%) and day hospitals (13%). Ninety percent of the perpetrators were known to the victim. The majority of the perpetrators were male (79%)--20% the perpetrators were the mother's boyfriend; 36% the father or step father, and in 12% the mother was responsible. Thirty-five percent of perpetrators were under the influence of alcohol or drugs when they committed the offence: 64.7% of cases suffered serious injuries, 48.7% had to be hospitalized, four children were critically injured and died. The head, face, neck, and mouth were the sites of physical injury in 67% of the 300 cases reviewed. The face was the most frequently injured (41%) part of the body, with the cheek being the most common site for the injury. The range and diversity of the oro-facial injuries included skull fractures, subdural hematomas, retinal hemorrhages, bruises, burns, and lacerations. Injuries to the mouth included fractured teeth, avulsed teeth, lacerations to the lips, frenum, tongue, and jaw fractures. CONCLUSIONS: The main conclusions of this study were (i) under 2-year-old children were most at risk from abuse (36%); (ii) the number of the reported injuries to the oral cavity was extremely low (11%); and (iii) no dentists participated in the examination of any of the patients. Intra-oral injuries may be overlooked because of the medical examiner's unfamiliarity with the oral cavity. Oral health professionals should be consulted for diagnosis, advice and treatment. 相似文献
17.
目的 探讨运动性膝关节损伤的MRI表现特点.方法 对30例体育运动后出现膝关节损伤症状的患者进行1.5T磁共振扫描,部分患者行膝关节镜检查,并对所得的MR图像与关节镜结果进行回顾性分析.结果 30例运动性膝关节损伤患者中,骨挫伤者18例,MRI表现为股骨髁、胫骨髁、髌骨于T2W1序列上见斑片样高信号影;半月板损伤者25例,其中Ⅰ-Ⅱ度损伤18例,Ⅲ度损伤7例;膝关节韧带损伤者20例;关节软骨面毛糙、变薄者5例;膝关节腔及周围滑膜囊内见积液征象者20例.结论 高场磁共振成像能准确地对运动性膝关节损伤做出诊断. 相似文献