首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
根据D.A.Cruse提出的三种词汇语义结构关系分析了英汉语中的某些词汇空缺现象,并从认知的心理突显、感知突显和原型特征以及语言的历时性来解释这些词汇空缺现象。  相似文献   

2.
认知语法认为语义是语言的中心,语义是概念或意象的形成过程。语法结构决定于语义结构。突显现象是语义描写的主要手段之一。词汇、句法和篇章三个层面上的语义突显现象揭示了语法结构下的认知本质及规律。  相似文献   

3.
在认知语言学的理论框架指导下,尝试运用原型范畴理论和突显原则(合称原型突显理论Prototype-Prominence Theory,简称PP)来分析和对比英汉两种语言在构词层面上的认知机制,得出结论:原型突显理论对英汉构词特征和表意规律具有较强的解释力。  相似文献   

4.
认知语言学中的焦点/背景理论是以突显原则为基础的一种理论,体现了人类的一种基本认知能力.通过对分裂句的认知分析,证明分裂句的生成符合认知语言学的突显原则,焦点/背景理论对于英语分裂句的语言信息组织方式具有较强的解释力.  相似文献   

5.
认知语言学基本原理中的突显原则,能充分反映在中国古典诗词意象和意境的关系中。突显是感知中突出的部分。突显原则的基础是因人们在观察事物时视角或注意力的不同而在认知辖域中选择不同的部分作为突显对象。从认知的角度分析诗歌和译文的意象及意境,能深入译者的思维过程,了解在古诗词英译过程中再现这种艺术特征的可能性。  相似文献   

6.
从突显的角度看有标记主位   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
主位是新信息的出发点,就其标记性而言,可分为标记主位和非标记主位,而突显是当今认知语言学主要的三种表征方法之一。文章拟丛突显的角度分析语言运用中的有标记主位现象,有标记主位的出现是由于交际者有意识地想突出强调某个信息部分。  相似文献   

7.
突显是认知域中“注意的焦点”。由于英汉两个民族思维方式的差异导致了语言表达的差异。从认知域的突显角度看,英汉民族在许多方面存在认知上的差异。习惯表达的信息突显认知差异;词类转化的意义突显认知差异;句子信息重心显突认知差异等是英汉民族最基本的思维认知差异。对英汉民族在思维模式和语言认知上的差异进行比较,有助于学习者掌握两种语言的不同表达方式,摆脱本族语模式的影响。  相似文献   

8.
隐喻和转喻不仅仅是一种修辞手段和语言现象,而且是人类基本的思维方式。隐喻涉及两个不同概念域之间的关系,而转喻一般涉及同一个概念域的事物之间的关系。在介绍其概念界定的基础上,结合隐喻和转喻产生的认知理据,对突显性在隐喻和转喻思维中所发挥的作用进行对比分析。  相似文献   

9.
通过对概念转喻的本质、认知原则、认知运作模式及其认知理据等的解读,说明转喻作为一个认知域中的概念映射,是一个概念实体或载体,在同一ICM或认知域内运作,向另一个概念实体或目标提供心理可及的认知过程。其认知的基本原则是邻近性相对突显性和可及性原则。它可以在多种转喻生成关系的同一ICM中运作,其目标义在概念上是突显的。通过分析汉语熟语在概念整合网络中的在线意义构建和幕后认知,认为Fauconnier的心理空间理论和概念整合理论对于转喻性和隐喻性习语表达方式的工作机制和解释提供了一种适当的理据。  相似文献   

10.
谢薇薇 《文教资料》2010,(25):32-34
汉语偏义复词是一种特殊现象,合成词的其中一个语素的意义代表了这个合成词的意义。本文从认知完形、认知域和认知突显角度解释了汉语偏义复词的语义现象。通过这些要素对汉语偏义复词的分析,本文得出结论,一是认知完形原则促成了偏义复词相近或相反词素的结合;二是偏义复词的认知突显是动态发展,这是语言历史发展的结果。  相似文献   

11.
This article introduces a new model of Pavlovian conditioning, attention as an acquisition and performance variable (AAPV), which, like several other so-called attentional models, emphasizes the role of variation of cue salience, together with associative strength, in accounting for conditioning phenomena. AAPV is primarily (but not exclusively) a performance-focused model in that it assumes not only that both the saliences and associative strengths of cue representations change during acquisition, but also that they are both influential at the time of test in determining responding. Different weights are given to the representations’ associative strengths according to the representations’ respective saliences at test. The model also treats the representation of a stimulus that is directly activated by presentation of that stimulus as distinct from the representation of the same stimulus that is activated by presenting a companion of the stimulus. Additionally, extinction is viewed as resulting from a decrease in the salience of the cue’s representation, rather than a decrease in associative strength. Simulations of several Pavlovian phenomena are presented in order to illustrate the model and assess its robustness.  相似文献   

12.
交际曲折是指语言官能正常的人在交际过程中遇到的不顺畅情况。社会认知语用学理论是研究交际的新一视角,强调不仅要研究合作、礼貌等正面特征,更要研究自我中心导致的交际曲折等负面特征。因此,社会认知视角特别适于研究交际曲折。从说者与听者双方角度对三类交际曲折实例(即称呼语的选用与接受、说者与听者的不同凸显义、隐含义的表达与理解)的分析展示了从社会认知视角对交际曲折的具体研究。  相似文献   

13.
思想政治理论课教学实效性不强是当前高校思想政治教育中普遍存在的问题,究其原因有多个方面,其中大学生对思想政治理论课缺乏合理、完善的认知结构是关键原因,当前大学生对思想政治理论课的认知结构有封闭性、平面性和惰性化的特点,怎样建构、丰富和完善大学生思想政治理论课的认知结构?根据认知结构的变量因素,建构完善的认知结构从三个方面着手:开放的认知结构、多维的认知结构和具有创生性的认知结构。  相似文献   

14.
Recently Australia has witnessed a revival of concern about the place of Australian literature within the school curriculum. This has occurred within a policy environment where there is increasing emphasis on Australia’s place in a world economy, and on the need to encourage young people to think of themselves in a global context. These dimensions are reflected in the recently published Australian Curriculum: English, which requires students to read texts of ‘enduring artistic and cultural value’ that are drawn from ‘world and Australian literature’. No indication, however, is given as to how the reading and literary interpretation that students do might meaningfully be framed by such categories. This essay asks: what saliences do the categories of the ‘local’, the ‘national’ and the ‘global’ have when young people engage with literary texts? How does this impact on teachers’ and students’ interpretative approaches to literature? What place does a ‘literary’ education, whether conceived in ‘local’, ‘national’ or ‘global’ terms, have in the twenty-first century?  相似文献   

15.
Harris and Livesey. Learning & Behavior, 38, 1-26, (2010) described an elemental model of associative learning that implements a simple learning rule that produces results equivalent to those proposed by Rescorla and Wagner (1972), and additionally modifies in "real time" the strength of the associative connections between elements. The novel feature of this model is that stimulus elements interact by suppressively normalizing one another's activation. Because of the normalization process, element activity is a nonlinear function of sensory input strength, and the shape of the function changes depending on the number and saliences of all stimuli that are present. The model can solve a range of complex discriminations and account for related empirical findings that have been taken as evidence for configural learning processes. Here we evaluate the model's performance against the host of conditioning phenomena that are outlined in the companion article, and we present a freely available computer program for use by other researchers to simulate the model's behavior in a variety of conditioning paradigms.  相似文献   

16.
感知觉机制、记忆机制、思维机制和注意机制是思想政治教育认知学习机制的主要内容。本文在认知心理学有关理论的基础上,探究了思想政治教育中的认知学习机制,并据此探索了优化思想政治教育的心理策略。  相似文献   

17.
思想政治教育实质上是人们对思想政治理论和实践的认知过程,认知心理学是研究人类认知的理论。以认知心理发生发展过程为研究基础,意在探究思想政治教育认知心理机制的内容以及优化策略。  相似文献   

18.
语言起着沟通内在和外在、主观和客观、心灵和自然等作用。语言逻辑是一门尚待完善的现代逻辑分支,心智则是大脑的智力思维活动,而人的认知活动则是人的主体心智对客观对象的感知和认识。进一步讲,在人类认知活动中,语言作为认知客体的中介,必然要内化到主体的思维过程之中,成为主体更加深入地认知客体的主体性条件。在阐述语言逻辑与思维分析、心智要素与存在认知等问题的基础上,论述了人的主体心智与存在认知的特征和关系,以及这种特征和关系在语言逻辑视域中的作用与意义。  相似文献   

19.
采用文献资料法,梳理太极拳锻炼对中老年人认知功能影响的研究证据.结果表明,长期从事太极拳锻炼对中老年人的人格、情绪状态、注意力、反应能力、工作记忆以及执行功能等均能产生积极的影响,能够延缓中老年人的认知功能衰退.未来应该采用神经科学和生理学等领域的先进技术来探讨太极拳锻炼对中老年人认知功能的作用机制.  相似文献   

20.
Byrnes and Fox present a sophisticated approach to the development of useful relations between cognitive neuroscience and education. Their approach, which is similar to approaches advocated by other educational psychologists, emphasizes the importance of findings in cognitive neuroscience to the building of educationally useful models of learning. In contrast to that defensible approach is a popular but simplistic approach that tries to relate the results of individual cognitive neuroscience studies directly to the improvement of teaching. The advantages of the sophisticated approach presented by Byrnes and Fox are discussed and supported for their important roles in the development of productive relations between cognitive neuroscience and education.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号