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1.
Filip Boen Karen van Hoye Yves Vanden Auweele Jos Feys Tim Smits 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(6):621-628
Abstract The aims of this study were twofold: (1) to determine whether open feedback (i.e. the ability to hear or see the scores of colleague judges after each performance) would lead judges in gymnastics to conform with their colleagues, and (2) to identify the underlying process on which this conformity is based. Twenty-three certified Flemish judges in women's gymnastics were randomly divided into panels of a maximum of five judges. These panels had to rate the same 30 videotaped individual vaults: 15 in phase 1 and 15 in phase 2. Two independent variables were orthogonally manipulated: feedback (or no feedback) during phase 1 and feedback (or no feedback) during phase 2. The results of phase 1 revealed that the variation between the judges' scores was less within panels that had received feedback than within panels that had not received feedback. We therefore conclude that the availability of feedback elicits conformity among gymnastic judges. The results of phase 2 indicated that this conformity continued even when feedback was no longer provided, suggesting that the observed conformity was based on informational influencing (i.e. because of uncertainty about the correct responses) and not on normative influencing (i.e. out of fear of standing out in the group). 相似文献
2.
美洲杯帆船赛是一项古老的赛事,是世界上影响最大的4项赛事之一。美洲杯帆船赛的纠纷解决机制经历了一个从无到有,并逐步发展完善的过程。美洲杯评判委员会是一个将仲裁庭与国际评判委员会合并的新的机构,既是一个评判适用规则的委员会,同时履行一个仲裁庭的职能。美洲杯帆船赛纠纷解决机制对参赛者实施强制仲裁,仲裁程序灵活快捷,仲裁员选任上考虑各方的代表性,并且排斥法院的司法审查,处理了大量的纠纷,得到参赛各方的广泛认可。我国体育纠纷解决方式尚不成熟,可以借鉴美洲杯帆船赛纠纷解决机制的一些经验。 相似文献
3.
从管理学的角度,对我国有关裁判员的考核、培训和执裁水平评价的论文、教材等研究成果和体育管理部门选派裁判员的方法进行了描述和评论。研究认为,我国裁判员的评价系统的研究缺乏整体性、系统性;存在着研究范围狭窄、研究视角局限,成果缺乏推广性等问题;实践操作层面则存在着裁判员的定性评价标准不规范,定量评价标准不全面的缺陷。现有的成果多是在现状调查的基础上,发现问题,进而提出对策,研究缺乏科学的理论指导。 相似文献
4.
The aims of this study were twofold: (1) to determine whether open feedback (i.e. the ability to hear or see the scores of colleague judges after each performance) would lead judges in gymnastics to conform with their colleagues, and (2) to identify the underlying process on which this conformity is based. Twenty-three certified Flemish judges in women's gymnastics were randomly divided into panels of a maximum of five judges. These panels had to rate the same 30 videotaped individual vaults: 15 in phase 1 and 15 in phase 2. Two independent variables were orthogonally manipulated: feedback (or no feedback) during phase 1 and feedback (or no feedback) during phase 2. The results of phase 1 revealed that the variation between the judges' scores was less within panels that had received feedback than within panels that had not received feedback. We therefore conclude that the availability of feedback elicits conformity among gymnastic judges. The results of phase 2 indicated that this conformity continued even when feedback was no longer provided, suggesting that the observed conformity was based on informational influencing (i.e. because of uncertainty about the correct responses) and not on normative influencing (i.e. out of fear of standing out in the group). 相似文献
5.
陶李军 《体育科技文献通报》2010,18(9):12-13
健美操裁判员在比赛中的评判直接影响比赛的结果。通过对影响健美操裁判员评判的基本条件阐述外，就影响健美操裁判员评判的几个关键因素进行了分析和研究，从而提高健美操比赛的公正性．推动健美操运动的健康发展。 相似文献
6.
In subjectively assessed artistic sports, judges sometimes collude. To avoid this, Federations adopt various strategies in their regulations. However, it is evident that these methods are often not sufficient to overcome collusions completely. The problem is especially difficult in cases where the judging panel consists of sub-commissions that deal with particular aspects of each performance and the scores of each sub-commission are summarized as mean values, which, in turn, are combined into a final mark. Therefore, the formulation of anti-collusion indices would be useful to assess judges and take account of such scores, rejecting the less reliable ones. An anti-collusion index and related average, recently introduced, can be applied in fields other than sports. This article presents some useful considerations for the application of such instruments to the field of sport. 相似文献
7.
运用文献资料法、案例分析法,全面系统地论述了一名优秀的篮球裁判员临场应具备的各项素质和各种能力,旨在进一步发掘影响篮球裁判员临场执裁的因素,为篮球裁判员临场执裁能力的提高与培养提供参考与指导。 相似文献
8.
Alexandra Pizzera Carsten Möller Henning Plessner 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2018,89(1):112-119
Gymnastics judges and former gymnasts have been shown to be quite accurate in detecting errors and accurately judging performance. Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to examine if this superior judging performance is reflected in judges’ gaze behavior. Method: Thirty-five judges were asked to judge 21 gymnasts who performed a skill on the vault in a video-based test. Classifying 1 sample on 2 different criteria, judging performance and gaze behavior were compared between judges with a higher license level and judges with a lower license level and between judges who were able to perform the skill (specific motor experience [SME]) and those who were not. Results: The results revealed better judging performance among judges with a higher license level compared with judges with a lower license level and more fixations on the gymnast during the whole skill and the landing phase, specifically on the head and arms of the gymnast. Specific motor experience did not result in any differences in judging performance; however, judges with SME showed similar gaze patterns to those of judges with a high license level, with 1 difference in their increased focus on the gymnasts’ feet. Conclusion: Superior judging performance seems to be reflected in a specific gaze behavior. This gaze behavior appears to partly stem from judges’ own sensorimotor experiences for this skill and reflects the gymnasts’ perspective onto the skill. 相似文献
9.
Gianfranco Gambarelli 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):1091-1095
Abstract I propose a method to synthesize the performance scores for artistic sports such as rhythmic gymnastics, figure skating, synchronized swimming, and diving by taking into account inter-judge variability, while maintaining all the reliable scores. This procedure is based on the assumption that the majority of the scores in each event are reliable and they relate well to those scores that are closest to them. The method consists of putting scores in order and considering clusters of m consecutive scores, where m is the number of judges making up the simple majority. For each cluster, the difference between the highest and the lowest score is calculated. In cases where the minimum difference is positive, the arithmetic mean of those scores that belong to clusters where the difference is minimal is computed. In cases where the minimum difference is zero (i.e. if the majority of judges unanimously assign the same score), then the set of the scores to consider within the mean is extended to those scores that are very near to those of the majority of the judges. A comparison between the actual evaluation procedures and the proposed model is provided. 相似文献
10.
James E. Bruno 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):16-22
Abstract Springboard and platform diving, unlike other sports competitions that use absolute performance measures, relies instead on a panel of judges to assess the aesthetic and technical quality of the athlete's performance. Using data from the 1983 U.S.A. Indoor Diving Nationals, regression analysis was used to determine if there was a statistically significant relationship between degree of difficulty (DD) and scores awarded for a dive. Surprisingly, the analysis revealed that as divers attempted higher degree of difficulty dives, judges became less inclined to award lower scores. Even though the average scores were lower for high DD dives, they were not low enough to compensate for the higher DD rating. Further analysis revealed that the women's competition had less scoring bias towards high DD dives than the men's competition. Even a small amount of scoring bias towards high DD dives is important since typically small total point differences in scores separate the finishing order of divers at a national or international competition. Bayesian analysis, based upon actual diver performance at national and international competitions, is suggested as one method of dealing with the problem of scoring bias towards high DD dives. Using this approach, probability of a score given the DD [P(DD/Score)] is derived from the initially observed P(Scores/DD). Monte Carlo methods can then be used to simulate large numbers of divers performing at each DD level to obtain more precise DD measures for a particular dive. 相似文献
11.
Gambarelli G 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(10):1091-1095
I propose a method to synthesize the performance scores for artistic sports such as rhythmic gymnastics, figure skating, synchronized swimming, and diving by taking into account inter-judge variability, while maintaining all the reliable scores. This procedure is based on the assumption that the majority of the scores in each event are reliable and they relate well to those scores that are closest to them. The method consists of putting scores in order and considering clusters of m consecutive scores, where m is the number of judges making up the simple majority. For each cluster, the difference between the highest and the lowest score is calculated. In cases where the minimum difference is positive, the arithmetic mean of those scores that belong to clusters where the difference is minimal is computed. In cases where the minimum difference is zero (i.e. if the majority of judges unanimously assign the same score), then the set of the scores to consider within the mean is extended to those scores that are very near to those of the majority of the judges. A comparison between the actual evaluation procedures and the proposed model is provided. 相似文献
12.
“黑哨”行为是指裁判员在体育比赛执法过程中故意不遵行竞赛规则、规程和裁判法、违背体育精神和执业道德,违反体育法律法规条例章程的规定而作出不公正判罚的行为。导致“黑哨”行为的原因多样,但其与受贿不存在必然联系,与“受贿”行为存在本质区别。“黑哨”行为是一种具有特定社会危害性的行为：对比赛各直接利益相关方均产生消极影响和不利后果;破坏了国家公平公正的裁判员制度;损害了体育运动的健康发展。依据其社会危害性和违法性的不同程度,“黑哨”行为应当受到行业内部纪律处罚或体育行政处罚或刑事处罚。 相似文献
13.
The purpose of this study was to determine if the 2010 Olympic figure skating judges had trouble scoring Plushenko and the transitions program component, and if the International Skating Union's (ISU) “corridor” method flagged the same judging anomalies as the Rasch analyses. A 3-facet (skater by program component by judge) Rasch rating scale analysis was conducted on nine judges' free skate scores for five program components for each of 24 skaters. A principal components analysis of the residuals, and the ISU corridor method were also performed. Some judges were not internally consistent in scoring Plushenko (estimated discrimination index =??0.69; MNSQs ≥ 2.66). The unusual scoring patterns for Judges 1 and 2 warrant further investigation whereas the ISU corridor method did not flag any judges for the way they scored Plushenko and Lysacek. The Rasch analyses appear to be more sensitive to judging anomalies than the ISU corridor method. 相似文献
14.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(5):424-428
AbstractThe influence of a potentially fouled player's vocalisations on the referee's decisions was investigated. Experienced soccer referees watched video clips of real-match situations that were presented either without sound or with sound where a player's vocalisations were clearly audible and made judgements regarding fouls, direction of play and personal penalties. The results revealed that players’ vocalisations had no impact on the foul decisions of the referees. However, once a referee made a foul decision, the player's vocalisations led to an increased number of personal penalties (increase in yellow cards) for the foul-causing player. In addition to crowd noise, a player's vocalisations during a foul are used as a proximal cue in the referee's decision-making process. 相似文献
15.
运用文献资料、问卷调查以及专家访谈等研究方法,分析现阶段国家一级篮球裁判员的临场执裁体能现状。结果表明:国家一级裁判员体能状况堪忧,缺少有计划性的体能训练、训练手段没有针对性,训练形式比较单一。为能使我国篮球裁判员在临场执裁时拥有充沛的体能,针对裁判员体能问题现状,提出改善裁判员体能水平的实施路径。 相似文献
16.
17.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(5):357-366
AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the Flemish Sports Compass (FSC), a non-sport-specific generic testing battery. It was hypothesised that a set of 22 tests would have sufficient discriminant power to allocate athletes to their own sport based on a unique combination of test scores. First, discriminant analyses were applied to the 22 tests of anthropometry, physical fitness and motor coordination in 141 boys under age 18 (16.1 ± 0.8 years) and post age at peak height velocity (maturity offset = 2.674 ± 0.926) from Flemish Top Sport Academies for badminton, basketball, gymnastics, handball, judo, soccer, table tennis, triathlon and volleyball. Second, nine sequential discriminant analyses were used to assess the ability of a set of relevant performance characteristics classifying participants and non-participants for the respective sports. Discriminant analyses resulted in a 96.4% correct classification of all participants for the nine different sports. When focusing on relevant performance characteristics, 80.1% to 97.2% of the total test sample was classified correctly within their respective disciplines. The discriminating characteristics were briefly the following: flexibility in gymnastics, explosive lower-limb strength in badminton and volleyball, speed and agility in badminton, judo, soccer and volleyball, upper-body strength in badminton, basketball and gymnastics, cardiorespiratory endurance in triathletes, dribbling skills in handball, basketball and soccer and overhead-throwing skills in badminton and volleyball. The generic talent characteristics of the FSC enable the distinction of adolescent boys according to their particular sport. Implications for talent programmes are discussed. 相似文献
18.
体育竞赛中裁判员的角色是不容忽视的。文章运用文献资料研究法,通过查阅国内外关于足球方面的裁判管理方法及经验的文献资料,对相关的足球裁判员管理资料进行了解与研究,对足球裁判员管理这一问题进行了综述研究,以使我们能更好地掌握这方面的理论知识,为今后制定有关足球裁判员管理办法提出相应的建议与对策。 相似文献
19.
Abstract Gymnastics coaches typically place their gymnasts in a rank order from poorest to best for competition in each event. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if the scores of nationally certified gymnastics judges were influenced by this expected placement of gymnasts within a team order of competition. The Team Optional Session of the 1973 Big Eight Gymnastics Meet was videotaped. Twelve nationally certified gymnastics judges, randomly selected from within three geographical locations of the United States, scored gymnastics routines on each of two sets of videotapes, edited from the original tapes, in two sessions separated by 48 hr. The videotapes were so edited that within-team orders of competition were reversed in one or the other of the two sets of videotapes for selected teams in each event. In this manner, scores were collected for 40 routines, each of which appeared both first and fourth in the withinteam orders of competition. A 2 × 12 × 2 ANOVA revealed that (1) a gymnast performing the same routine is at a significant (p < .05) scoring advantage if he is judged as the fourth competitor for his team rather than the first competitor, and (2) regional differences existed among the scores awarded by gymnastics judges. 相似文献
20.
本文运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、实地考察法、访问调查法、数据分析法,对桂林市社区的居民和气排球练习者进行问卷调查及个别访问,对桂林市社区气排球的开展现状进行调查。通过调查结果可知,参与气排球运动的主要群体是年轻人;开展气排球的活动形式较单一;社区里的场地器械没有专门的人员管理,出现各种程度的破损;参与气排球比赛的经费来源主要是参与者自筹;社区无专业的社会体育指导员和气排球裁判指导。针对在调查中发现的问题,做出以下对策。首先,加强传播气排球运动的宣传力度;其次,社区管理人员可以组织开展一些有关气排球运动的联赛;再者,社区社会体育指导员或社区管理人员可以向气排球专业人士请教,提高自身的气排球技术水平、裁判能力。 相似文献