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1.
"全纳教育"呼唤中国完善特殊教育政策和教育立法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
"全纳教育"是有影响的国际共识之一。意大利、美国、英国等发达国家是世界上较早实施全纳教育政策的国家,拥有成熟和完善的"全纳教育"体系。将这些国家的"全纳教育政策"与中国的特殊教育政策进行对比,可以找出中国特殊教育政策的不足。国际与国内的教育发展形势需要中国在"全纳教育"基本理念的指导下完善特殊教育政策和特殊教育立法。 相似文献
2.
全纳教育思想及其在教师教育中的意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
田瑞云 《岱宗学刊(泰安教育学院学报)》2007,(3)
全纳教育是在"终身教育"、"全民教育"基础上形成的一种教育思想,1994年的"世界特殊需要教育大会"和会上发表的《萨拉曼卡宣言》标志着全纳教育的肇始,并以此推进了世界各国的全纳教育研究与实践。开展全纳教育是为了实现真正的融合教育,目的是以提供最合适的教育方式予每一位学生,减少各种学习障碍,满足所有学习者的需要。这种教育理念对教师教育具有特别重要的意义。 相似文献
3.
普通小学随班就读教师对全纳教育态度的城乡比较研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
本文采取问卷调查的方法,对农村与城市已经参加随班就读的教师对全纳教育思想的态度与认识进行调查与比较分析。结果发现:(1)教师对全纳教育的态度由对全纳教育的利、弊以及特殊教育学校的利组成;(2)无论农村还是城市教师都对特殊学校教育持最赞成的态度,同时又对全纳教育有较高的支持率;(3)农村和城市教师对全纳教育的理解与态度有显著差异,且农村被试的意见分歧要大一些;(4)城市教师对全纳教育所持的否定、负面的看法多于农村教师,农村教师对全纳教育持更积极的态度;(5)农村与城市教师对全纳教育的态度都没有受到师资培训的类型、时间等因素的影响。 相似文献
4.
全纳教育:历史演进与实施政策 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在国际教育界形成探讨全纳教育的热潮之时,本文阐述了"全纳教育"产生及其经历的"理据生成"、"初期探索"和"达成共识"三个阶段的演进过程.同时,介绍了美国、英国、澳大利亚、新加坡、南非等国家实施全纳教育的国家政策,旨在为我国寻求全纳教育推进策略提供借鉴. 相似文献
5.
"全纳教育:未来之路"是联合国教科文组织于2008年11月在日内瓦召开的第48届国际教育大会的主题,是国际社会目前已形成共识并极力倡导推动的理念.联合国教科文组织的文件表明,全纳教育是实现全民教育的重要途径和主要策略,是整个教育体系的发展归宿.中国是世界上最大的发展中国家,举办着世界上最大规模的教育,推进全纳教育将毫无疑问地促进全纳教育在全球范围内的发展. 相似文献
6.
全纳教育环境中学生发展状况的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文对国内外全纳教育环境中的特殊学生以及普通学生发展状况的相关研究进行分析后,提出:(1)全纳教育环境有利于促进特殊学生学业能力、社会交往能力的发展,特殊学生对全纳教育环境感到满意;(2)全纳教育环境不会影响促进普通学生的发展,普通学生对特殊学生持接纳态度;(3)在促进学生发展的各种因素中,教师对特殊学生的态度与教师自身的素质占据重要地位. 相似文献
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公正与平等的民主理念是全纳教育的伦理基础。以全纳教育的视角审视我国当前的教育,可以发现其中存在许多不均等的现象。深入理解并切实推进全纳教育,是追寻真正的教育机会均等、推进教育民主化的应然选择。 相似文献
9.
自Inclusive Education提出以来,"融合教育"与"全纳教育"便存在着概念上的激烈争议。从历史发展的视角看,"融合教育"起源于特殊教育领域,是特殊教育发展过程中的一个阶段性概念;而"全纳教育"起源于全民教育,其涵盖的范围包括特殊教育在内的整个教育体系。另外,二者在教育对象及学生地位等方面也存在显著差异,因而"融合教育"与"全纳教育"是两个不同的概念,应有区别地加以使用。为促进教育包括特殊教育事业更好地发展,在当今中国大陆,应积极提倡使用"全纳教育"而非"融合教育"这一概念。 相似文献
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Since the 1980s, children with disabilities in China have been integrated into general education settings; the practice is
termed sui ban jiu du, literally “learning in a regular classroom” (LRC). The term LRC means “receiving special education in general education
classrooms”, and it is regarded as a practical form of inclusion in China. This paper provides context for understanding the
issues of teacher education and inclusion in China by comparing the concept of LRC in China to the international concept of
inclusive education. It discusses the challenges for and development of LRC at the levels of policy and practice. The main
issues involved in teacher education for special/inclusive education are discussed in relation to the culture and context
of current policy and its implementation, teachers’ attitudes toward LRC, the professional competence of LRC teachers, the
shortage of qualified teachers, and the lack of a national system for special education certification. The final section considers
strategies to develop high-quality inclusive education in China from the perspectives of policy development, professional
development, and the development of procedures for policy implementation. 相似文献
12.
The era of New Labour government has witnessed unprecedented growth in inclusive education policies. There is, however, limited evidence that policies have increased disabled children’s inclusion. This article explores reasons for this contradiction. Drawing on sociological insights, it is argued that New Labour policies on inclusive education take their cues from wider neo‐liberal constructions of social exclusion; ideas that point to the personal deficits of the excluded rather than social barriers and inequalities that systematically exclude. Increasingly narrow definitions of educational success are likely to add to this exclusion. This mirrors New Labour’s broader social inclusion agenda in emphasising ‘conditional’ inclusion and an increasingly utilitarian approach to social policy. New Labour, it is argued, needs to review the lessons of history in reducing disabled children’s educational exclusion if real progress is to be made. Warnock’s recent attack on the principle of inclusive education makes this review all the more urgent. 相似文献
13.
This article summarises three case studies examining the implementation of inclusive practices, which evidence the exclusionary pressures acting in school settings that put the needs, rights and entitlements of vulnerable children and young people at risk. It examines how three very culturally different secondary schools in England interpreted inclusive policies and illuminates the various constraints to the implementation of inclusive practices as experienced by senior leaders, teachers, parents and pupils in these schools. Conceptual unpreparedness towards inclusion versus integration, knowledge and false conceptualisations of special educational needs and difficulties associated with differentiation and time limitations were the main barriers presented. The implications for initial and professional teacher education are posited; it is suggested that inclusion can work by removing the diagnostic paradigm associated with special educational needs and by creating a framework for teachers' lifelong learning focusing on a social justice oriented pedagogy that will empower teachers conceptually and practically. 相似文献
14.
Nienke M. Ruijs 《Educational Research Review》2009,4(2):67-79
In many countries, education policies are shifting towards inclusive education. Human rights have always been an important argument for this development, but the effects on students should be an important factor when designing policies. In this review, therefore, literature on the effects of inclusion on both students with and without special educational needs is described. The review covers not only effects on cognitive development, but also socio-emotional effects. In general, the results show neutral to positive effects of inclusive education. The academic achievement of students with and without special educational needs seems to be comparable to non-inclusive classes or even better in inclusive classes. However, there may be some differential effects for high- and low-achieving students without special educational needs. Regarding social effects, children with special educational needs seem to have a less favourable social position than children without special educational needs. 相似文献
15.
Chrissie Rogers 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2013,17(9):988-1002
As a result of exclusionary tactics, social, cultural or economic disadvantage or disability, vast numbers of pupils have poor educational experiences and are either marginalised or demonised due to ‘difficult differences’. In the context of Martha Nussbaum's capabilities approach, where she suggests that we ought to be who we want to be, this paper addresses intellectual disability, inclusion and inclusive education. It proposes that care, compassion, creativity and ethics are critical in understanding the education for all children and young people, rather than necessarily pedagogical process. In addition, it suggests that learning should take place within and through relationships and that these relationships are important in developing a healthy sense of self. Therefore politically, rather than following a path of blame whether it is the dysfunctional family, the deficit child or the economically deprived nation, this paper says that we require socially just practices, compassion and care as fundamental to human development, social inclusion and inclusive education. Ultimately, education is failing a large sum of children and young people and therefore needs to be radically reconsidered. 相似文献
16.
从我国的基本国情来看,教育政策不仅是政府有序开展教育工作的重要手段,也是推动教育事业快速发展的有力保障。全国两会是人民参与政治生活、推动国家决策科学化的主要平台。全国两会代表所提交的教育提案内容反映了民众教育需求的变化,并且在一定程度上推动人民意愿向政策性、制度性保障的转化。21世纪以来我国特殊教育事业呈现出快速发展的良好势头,但距新时代党和国家提出的"办好特殊教育"目标仍有一定差距。文章采用文本分析方法,运用语义网络分析技术,对2016-2019年全国两会特殊教育提案的答复文本进行分析,厘清了我国特殊教育事业发展的三大热点话题及其核心思想,就对三大热点话题的发展思路提出了相关建议。 相似文献
17.
A key objective of inclusive education is to provide learners with special educational needs with an environment that fosters a sense of belonging. They lose the sense of belonging when they feel being separated from the rest of society. Segregation is, however, a logically necessary method and means of the pursuit of inclusion. The focus of this study was to uncover the experiences and views of Chinese stakeholders regarding the possible conflict between expansion of special education (i.e., segregation, exclusion) and promotion of inclusive education (i.e., inclusion, mainstreaming). We conducted in-depth interviews with nine academics, administrators, and practitioners to better understand the possible impact of inclusive education on regular education. The main finding is that special education can be provided in four forms which the participants argued is an advantage to meet the needs of all learners. They argued that giving home education for learners with high severity, attending special education schools and mainstreaming schools are rehabilitation methods to prepare learners for full integration should they prove successful. The study contributes to a broader understanding of how special education is provided in China and its potential effects on regular education (e.g., challenges in teacher preparation, lack of resources). 相似文献
18.
随迁农民工子女的社会融合教育是一个热点话题。要使学校的融合教育更富有成效,应重视课程问题。学校应调查并根据随迁农民工子女的教育需求、社会生活需要来确定融合教育课程目标、构建融合教育内容,根据随迁农民工子女的特点在课程实施时贯彻渗透性、活动性、合作性原则,并根据随迁农民工子女社会融合的指标体系来评价融合教育的效果。 相似文献
19.
The aim of this article is to review the current state of inclusive education in the world and to suggest a few relevant considerations. The first section “Two parallel concerns” retraces the inescapable connections between the educational aspects of inclusive education and more general concerns regarding inequality. The second section “Inclusive education in academic publications” scrutinizes academic publications and identifies two major themes among their contents: at first sight the internal transformations occurring in schools attract attention, but subsequently the territorial environment also gives rise to some concern. The third section “Inclusive education in the publications of international organizations” notes our search criteria for sifting through the documentation of the World Bank, OECD and UNESCO. The IBE/UNESCO workshops reflect varied, though converging interpretations of the concept of inclusive education in different parts of the world. All the official publications, however, tend to concentrate on the internal dynamics of schools, and there are not many that take a look at relations between inclusive education and public policy. Our last section “The geographical dimension of inclusive education” puts forward a few arguments in favour of paying more attention to inclusive education at the local and national levels. The main reasons for highlighting the local dimension arise from the combined factors of social deprivation, the need to co-ordinate measures taken in schools and the possibility of allowing a significant opening for community participation. The main reasons for paying attention to the national dimension relate to possible synergies between inclusive education and the expansion of education (for example, is schooling progressing at the same pace at different educational levels?), as well as between inclusive education and social protection (for example, do the many educational conditions applied to cash transfers have consistent pedagogic implications?). 相似文献
20.
ABSTRACT It is almost two decades since a concept of inclusion as selective segregation was proposed as an alternative to the concept of full inclusion and inclusive education was reconfigured as providing children with varied educational settings in order to meet their needs. A version of this model of inclusive education subsequently gained political traction in England where the issue of segregated or mainstream provision is now constructed as a matter of parental choice and child voice. Meanwhile, the implications of this latest model of inclusive education for teachers and schools in a rapidly changing wider educational landscape have largely been ignored or reduced to a question of training. This paper explores how the inclusive education landscape has changed in England in recent years, charting recent key developments in areas such as policy, statutory guidance and teacher training, with particular reference to teacher workload and the positioning of teachers within political and polemical educational discourse. 相似文献