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1.
《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2012,36(1):107-116
In response to a Scottish Office call for a briefing paper on widening access to higher education the authors conducted a 'snapshot' study of the field including not only desk-based research but a questionnaire survey and interviews with approximately 70 practitioners in the field of access across the UK. The survey asked the opinions of practitioners on the areas of their greatest concern in the field of widening access to include marginal socioeconomic groups. This article gives an account of the concerns expressed in this survey and finds that the primary concerns fall under six headings: pre-entry guidance, qualifications frameworks and transfers, structural barriers and flexibility, attitudinal barriers, student finance and institutional finance. Solutions were also sought in relation to policy and practice in Scotland and included suggestions for more emphasis on partnerships, better communication between institutions and the community, and a shared system of financial support for institutions and for students alike. 相似文献
2.
Recent changes in the English tuition fee policies have spurred a debate on the impacts on student choices for higher education. Expectations range from a sharp decrease in participation in higher education to relatively little change in student demand. We surveyed 1549 year 12 sixth-form students from four institutions spread geographically across England. We have broadened the approach to the study of student choice by not only considering the impact of going to higher education or not, but have included in our choice scenarios the consideration of looking for cheaper higher education alternatives and of looking for higher education abroad. This brings our study from a focus on widening participation and access into the realm of the dynamics of increasing choice in a globalised world. The data suggest that financial issues are key influencers. We conclude that the English higher education system may be confronted with significant changes in student choice patterns, given the study’s finding that students show high levels of anxiety and consequently consider a much broader range of study options: within or outside higher education; in publicly funded or for-profit institutions; and in the UK or elsewhere. 相似文献
3.
Rita Kasa 《Peabody Journal of Education》2013,88(1):86-100
This case study explores devolution of low-income student subsidies, via the national student loans program, from the central to local governments in Latvia by means of decentralizing political and financial responsibility to provide public assistance to low-income students in obtaining funds for higher education. It describes municipal engagement in providing primary loan guarantees and in assuming full risk for low-income student loans. This article argues that although there are venues for local governments to support low-income students' access to higher education, the central government should sponsor this policy politically as well as financially. 相似文献
4.
Student Finance and Widening Participation in the British Isles: Common Problems, Different Solutions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nick Adnett 《Higher Education Quarterly》2006,60(4):296-311
Across the British Isles there are common forces encouraging an expansion of higher education (HE) while constraining the ability and willingness of governments to finance it. We examine the nature of these forces and conclude that together they are likely to lead over time to the general taxpayer funding a declining share of HE costs. While there are some potential efficiency and social equity benefits from reforms of student finance motivated by switching more of the costs towards students and their parents, the likely impact of these reforms on widening participation is unclear. We examine the current student finance systems in the British Isles and assess whether or not a system based upon income‐contingent student loans, means‐tested grants and targeted bursaries can deliver both the desired expansion and widening access. 相似文献
5.
6.
Part‐time study is one of the foci of the widening participation agenda in the UK. The experiences of part‐time students, however, have received remarkably little attention from scholars, especially in a comparative context. This paper explores existing historical data going back over a decade to identify the main themes of part‐time experience at a number of UK higher education institutions and how it compares and contrasts with the full‐time experience. The surveys use the Student Satisfaction Approach. The main themes emerging from institutional survey data over time are the work/family/study balance, assessment and feedback, access to learning and catering resources, and students' financial situation. There is sometimes a question of identity, but unlike many studies of part‐time student experience, which focus on aspects of disadvantage, social, and cultural capital, the data for this paper indicate that many part‐time students have a sense of themselves as being ignored or at worst marginalised in contemporary higher education. 相似文献
7.
省域高等教育财政差异实证分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文运用基尼系数计算出我国31个省份的生均经费差异呈现扩大趋势,而来自于公共财政的预算内生均事业费差异更为显著。在落实财政教育投入4%目标的大背景下,建议增加各级政府特别是中央政府和省级政府高等教育财政供给的总量,颁布国家高等教育公共财政投入基本标准,提高生均经费拨款基数,设立专项资金化解金融机构的贷款风险等,尽快扭转省域高等教育财政不平衡、不协调、不可持续的态势。 相似文献
8.
Although many strategies are proposed to reduce the opportunity gap in higher education between and within countries, student loans with cost recovery measures are often preferred during times of fiscal constraint. This study briefly reviews the benefits and challenges of student loans over other forms of financial aid and presents the case for voluntary sector involvement in contexts where government and market failures constrain effective solutions. It describes an innovative program that has emerged to meet this challenge—the Perpetual Education Fund. This program utilizes public–private partnerships, a large financial corpus, pre-existing administrative structures, personal relationships, local vocational schooling, and intergroup solidarity to administer loans and recover costs. Because voluntary sector participation in loan financing and administration is relatively new, the experiences and innovative survival strategies of this program have valuable implications for other emerging programs. 相似文献
9.
RECENT RESEARCH ON THE ECONOMICS OF ATTENDING COLLEGE: Returns on Investment and Responsiveness to Price 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This article examines recent research on the private returns to investment in baccalaureate and sub-baccalaureate postsecondary education, the social returns to investment in higher education, and student responsiveness to prices and subsidies (e.g., tuition and financial aid). The analysis focuses on the implications of recent research on the economics of attending college for policy and practice in a variety of specific areas such as enrollment management; the role of community colleges and other sub-baccalaureate institutions relative to welfare-to-work programs, tuition taxcredit legislation, and the value of investing in credits even without credentials; the development of effective high-tuition, high-aid, and other state and institutional pricing strategies; and the inequities in the distribution of access and choice in higher education that is evident in the widening gaps in participation rates of white and minority youth and higher- and lower-income students, as well as in the growing concentration of lower-income students at-and the flight of middle- and upper-income students from-community colleges. 相似文献
10.
英国大学生资助政策的演进与启示 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
在过去20多年中,英国改变了"免费上大学加助学金"的政策,分三步走,建构起"先上学,后付费"的"学生贷款与助学金混合资助"体系.它的内涵是:所有大学生都可以贷款付学费,毕业就业后"按收入比例还贷",由"税务部门回收贷款".特别困难的学生还可以申请生活费贷款和助学金.政府还对师范生等给予专业津贴,吸引出身贫寒但学业优秀的学生学习社会急需的专业.英国的改革进程和资助政策体系都值得我们研究借鉴. 相似文献
11.
国家助学贷款对高等教育个人收益率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
人力资本理论认为教育是一项能给个人带来收益的投资。借助学生贷款完成高等教育将改变个人的教育成本和收益,并影响借贷者的高等教育个人收益率。本文研究国家助学贷款政策对高等教育个人收益率的影响程度,以及不同的还款方案对高等教育个人收益率作用的大小。 相似文献
12.
Cecelia Monto 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2018,42(10):650-659
This study compared the effectiveness of courses taught in a five-week intensive hybrid format with courses taught in an 11-week traditional classroom format in order to explore options for expanding access to higher education in a community college setting. Course effectiveness was measured quantitatively with student academic performance indicators, such as grades, pass rates, pretest/posttest results, and student perceptions of academic rigor. The study is unique in that it investigated course effectiveness when intensive and hybrid instructional delivery methods were combined into one format. Additionally, the study compared matched pair courses with the same instructors and coursework who taught each course in both the five-week intensive hybrid format and the 11-week traditional format, which controlled for instructor influence on student learning. The historical rationale behind community colleges and contemporary initiatives to expand them have underscored the need to increase access by providing a range of options to higher education that meet the varying needs of students. The comparison found that the five-week hybrid course format was academically equivalent to the 11-week traditional format. The study indicates that course delivery combining hybrid and intensive instructional delivery can be academically effective and, therefore, has the potential to improve access in a community college setting. 相似文献
13.
William B. Simpson 《Higher Education》1987,16(6):699-721
Government reliance on student borrowing in financing postsecondary education varies greatly among countries. Nevertheless, some of the problems encountered, such as competing demands on public funds that undercut grant support or an excessive burden of debt on students, make consideration of the potential and limits inherent in the use of student loans a matter of common concern. The present article examines the role of undergraduate student loans within the context of an overall program for financial assistance. The emphasis is on placing realistic limits on individual debt burden while broadening the use of loans, consistent with encouraging access to postsecondary education and providing opportunity for choice of institution. To reduce risk and make borrowing in moderate amounts acceptable, loan programs are developed that combine income-paced repayment with provision, through ex post facto grants, for earlier discharge of repayment obligations than in alternative proposals. A model is developed for simulating borrowing and cumulative debt limits given the parameter values relevant to a country's situation. Results from using alternative parameter values are compared to authorized loan limits and to average amounts borrowed and cost of attendance for low-cost and higher-cost educational options, using U.S. data by way of illustration. 相似文献
14.
徐国兴 《Frontiers of Education in China》2008,3(4):585-593
The research findings have made it clear that Chinese college student aid policy has several characteristics. Generally speaking,
student financial aid is increasing up to some extent. The government financial aids focus mostly on improving equality of
educational opportunity in higher education. However, aids from the government are inadequate, especially national student
loans. Besides, all kinds of aids were decreasing from 2004 to 2006 and the aid programs were short of stability between various
years. In order to improve equal access to higher education through student aid policy, it is necessary to enlarge the government
aids and reform the aid system.
__________
Translated from Jiaoshi Jiaoyu Yanjiu 教师教育研究 (Teacher Education Research), 2008, (2), 59–63 相似文献
15.
财政资助政策对高等教育入学和大学生学业成功的影响: 美国的经验与启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高等教育入学和大学生学业成功是当今美国高等教育面临的两个富有挑战性的问题,具有重要的政策意义。大学生财政资助是美国促进高等教育入学和大学学业成功的主要机制之一。本文旨在对美国当今高等教育的大学生财政资助政策及其对高等教育入学和大学学业成功的影响进行综述, 并简要探讨相关内容对中国的高等教育财政资助政策及研究的启示。 相似文献
16.
Stephen Gorard 《Cambridge Journal of Education》2008,38(3):421-437
This paper discusses the difficulties of establishing a clear count of UK higher education students in terms of the categories used for widening participation, such as occupational background or ethnicity. Using some of the best and most complete data available, such as the annual figures from the Higher Education Statistics Agency, the paper then establishes that there is little evidence of a simple consistent pattern of under‐representation within these categories, except perhaps for men and students of white ethnicity. However, once prior qualifications are taken into account there is no evidence that potential students are unfairly and disproportionately denied access to higher education in terms of occupation, ethnicity, sex or disability. This has important implications for what we mean by widening participation in higher education and how we might achieve it. 相似文献
17.
Many researchers studying the impact of parliamentary devolution conclude that education policies in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are diverging. They attribute this to five factors: the redistribution of formal powers associated with devolution; differences in values, ideologies and policy discourses across the four territories; the different composition, interests and policy styles of their policy communities; the different ‘situational logics’ of policy-making and the mutual independence of policy decisions in the different territories. This article reviews trends in higher education (HE) policy across the UK since parliamentary devolution. It focuses on policies for student fees and student support, for widening participation, for supporting research and for the HE contribution to economic development, skills and employability. On balance, it finds as much evidence of policy convergence, or at least of constraints on divergence, as of policy divergence. It argues that each of the five factors claimed to promote divergence can be associated with corresponding pressures for convergence. 相似文献
18.
助学贷款的不同目标--对贷款的设计、评价及政策可能产生的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文对世界各地助学贷款的不同目标作了简要的回顾和评论 ,着重论述了两种不同目标取向的助学贷款之间的差异 :第一类助学贷款追求经济目标 ,如贷款的设立是为了促进高等教育的成本补偿 ,为紧张的大学财政获取额外财源 ;第二类助学贷款追求社会目标 ,如设立贷款的目的是为了增进高等教育入学机会均等 ,帮助更多贫困家庭的学生上大学。以经济目标为导向的助学贷款一般不含政府补贴 ,以社会目标为导向的助学贷款可能享受政府的补贴 ,但需要对贷款对象进行认真仔细的确认。文章最后指出 ,助学贷款的设计和评价必须考虑到贷款政策的目标。 相似文献
19.
Patterns of participation in higher education (HE) in the UK, as elsewhere, have been marked by social inequalities for decades. UK Governments have responded with a plethora of policies and agendas aimed at addressing this broad social issue. However, little is known about how higher education institutions (HEIs) interpret and ‘enact’ these policies in relation to institution-specific contexts. Drawing on concepts from policy sociology this paper examines how HEIs in one nation state, Wales, enact its Government’s policy on ‘widening access’ to higher education. Interviews with a range of ‘policy actors’ along with analyses of institutional ‘widening access’ policy documents, reveal divergences between HEIs in how this policy agenda is interpreted and delivered. These differences reflect institution-specific contexts – not least their internal politics and assumptions about the type of students they admit, but also their interests and priorities in relation to their positions within a global, marketised, HE system. The implications of this for the reproduction of university hierarchies in the UK, as well as social inequalities more generally are brought to the fore. 相似文献
20.
Teresa Tinklin 《Higher Education Quarterly》2000,54(4):367-385
This paper assesses the influence of social background on application and entry to higher education among Scottish school leavers using multi‐level modelling. The context for the study is long‐standing policy interest in widening access to higher education for under‐represented groups. The analysis indicates that those from less advantaged backgrounds are disadvantaged at three stages in the process of entry to higher education: qualification, application and entry. The results support the need for explanations and interventions encompassing both individual and structural levels. Government initiatives aimed at widening access are discussed in light of the findings. 相似文献