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采用SIMIMotion运动分析系统,对中、外赛艇女子单人双桨项目(W1X)优秀运动员一个完整划桨周期技术进行分析。结果表明:中国赛艇W1X优秀运动员在划桨技术周期的艇速、划距指标上与国外W1X优秀运动员有显著性差异(P<0.05),推拉桨时间、桨角和各关节角度指标没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。中国赛艇W1X运动员的推拉桨时间、划桨身体姿势比较合理,建议在保持推桨动力的基础上,借鉴国外赛艇W1X优秀运动员低桨频高稳速划桨的技术,缩短与世界级赛艇W1X优秀运动员的差距。 相似文献
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赛艇运动技术的力学原理及测试分析 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
从流体力学原理出发来研究如何使桨叶发挥出最大效率,讨论了桨频和拉桨幅度与推力之间的关系,进而给出了合理的运动技术形式的力学原则。研制了赛艇实船技术测试系统。利用该系统能够实时采集划船时的力量、角度、速度、加速度等,便于划船运动技术的诊断、分析赛艇运动员的专项力量特点,为运动训练的量化及科学化提供了基础。通过测试改进了运动员的技术动作,使得运动技术更加合理。 相似文献
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赛艇运动中拉桨阶段的桨力曲线反映了运动员的发力特征，是专项竞技能力诊断的重要途径。根据国家队的测试实例，对不同艇种、不同桨位的桨力曲线特征进行归纳分析总结，对赛艇项目进行系列测试（桨频：35桨/min），结合专项认为专项技术较好的多人艇运动员大多采用A型；双人单桨项目中．领桨手倾向于采用A型桨力-时间曲线，一号位桨手倾向于采用B型桨力-时间曲线。不同桨频下的桨力-时间曲线特征可作为训练效果的评估依据，低桨频训练必须保持合理的拉桨速度和拉桨力量。 相似文献
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“一体感”是运动员长期训练与比赛形成的专项心理能力,是保障运动员发挥最佳竞技状态的基础。赛艇运动要求运动员在划行过程中对
人、艇、桨、水具有良好的协调和控制能力。在赛艇日常训练和比赛中,运动员多使用“人艇合一”的感觉来描述对自身状态、动作技术和艇、桨的良
好控制与清晰的认知,并对其自身竞技水平的发挥具有至关重要的作用。为了探讨赛艇运动员“人—艇—桨一体感”的结构特点,运用扎根理论,对
来自湖北和广东省赛艇运动队的24名赛艇运动员与6名教练员进行半结构式访谈,通过对访谈结果进行开放式编码、主轴编码和选择性编码,得出
赛艇运动员“人—艇—桨一体感”的结构包括：感知控制艇身能力（艇速感、艇平衡感、艇噪音感、艇滑座感、艇吃水感）、感知控制桨能力（桨出入水
感、桨力感、桨频节奏感、桨叶位置感）、感知掌控对手能力（对手位置感、对手体力感、对手节奏感、对手战术感）和感知掌控队友能力（队友节奏感、
队友协同感、队友战术感、队友体力感）4个大范畴和17个小范畴,并且它们之间相互协调形成一个有机整体,反映赛艇运动员对自身技术动作控制
状态的感知能力,为赛艇运动员竞技能力发挥提供核心动力。 相似文献
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目的：以国家队和赛艇优势省队运动员为测试对象，总结分析我国精英女子赛艇运动员的划桨技术特点。方法：27名运动员参与本研究，利用"BioRow Tel"系统测试五种桨频（20、24、28、32、36桨/分）下的划桨技术，测试参数包括划桨节奏、桨叶轨迹、桨力特征等。结果：拉桨时间百分比随桨频的提高显著提高；入水角、出水角和划幅在中低桨频下非常稳定，但在接近比赛桨频时显著下降；抓水打滑和出水打滑均随桨频的增加而显著增加；与桨力相关的参数对桨频的变化相对不敏感。结论：我国运动员较为注重桨叶入水和拉桨前段，表现出的技术较好，而在拉桨后段特别是桨叶出水阶段暴露出的问题比较大；临近比赛桨频时的技术同中低桨频时相比存在比较明显的下降。训练中要解决好拉桨后段和桨叶出水的问题，并注重提高运动员在比赛桨频时的划桨技术。 相似文献
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在前期质性研究的基础上,编制了赛艇运动员专项知觉运动技能问卷,并采用项目分析、探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析等量化研究手段,对该概念模型进行检验。结果显示,赛艇运动员专项运动知觉技能包括自身状态知觉运动技能、艇状态知觉运动技能、桨状态知觉运动技能3个维度;自身状态知觉运动技能包含自身用力知觉和自身体能知觉2个子维度;艇状态知觉运动技能包括艇速知觉运动技能、艇平衡知觉运动技能、艇身状态知觉运动技能和滑座运动状态知觉4个子维度;桨状态知觉运动技能包括划桨效果知觉运动技能、划桨动作调控能力、桨频知觉调控能力和桨力知觉调控能力4个子维度。量化研究检验的赛艇运动员专项运动知觉技能概念模型与前期质化研究结果基本一致,问卷信效度良好,具有一定的理论和实用价值。 相似文献
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运用测试、数理统计等方法,完成了对我国优秀男子赛艇运动员(13名)3种不同桨频(20桨/min,26桨/min和34桨/min)下的技术动作的数据采集与分析,并与国外优秀男子赛艇运动员的数据进行对比,结果显示:1)国内外赛艇运动员不同桨频下的划距和相对划距曲线变化特征相似,在同一桨频下无显著差异(P>0.05),但在数值上优于国内运动员;2)国内外运动员的力值变化并不一致,国外优秀运动员的最大下肢力量并不一定随着桨频的增加而增加,而国内运动员呈递增特征,且在不同的桨频下,两者的最大桨柄拉力值存在显著性差异(P<0.05);3)国内外运动员之间的划船轨迹重复性相对稳定(RP值范围0.038~0.057),两者之间无显著性差异存在,但国内运动员随着桨频的增加重复性系数有增大趋势,且表现出一定的技术不稳定性。结论:建议我国运动员在划距与桨频的搭配中,应注重划距的获得,同时,加强不同桨频下的技术稳定性和改进躯干的后仰角度。 相似文献
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选取湖北赛艇队男子公开级3名运动员作为研究对象,利用奥地利WEBA sport公司的Rower Expert Light 赛艇实船测试系统对三名男子公开级赛艇选手进行单人双桨实船划桨测试.测试发现:随着桨频的增加,拉桨时间、推桨时间、单次划桨时间以及推拉比都在减小,而推拉比的减少意味着推桨所需时间减少得更快.拉桨的力量并没有明显增加,被测试的3名运动员都是左手拉力大于右手拉力.拉桨最大力产生时桨叶的位置会逐渐靠近运动员身后,相应的最大力产生的时间会提前.运动员左右手拉力的不平衡以及最大力产生的位置不一致都会影响到赛艇的航向.转桨角的变化幅度不大,但在四种桨频下,3名运动员的入水角都大于出水角.3名运动员的左转桨角比右转桨角大,意味着3名运动员左手桨叶的划幅比右桨大. 相似文献
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Factors that affect boat speed are important determinants of rowing performance and should form the basis of feedback to rowers and their coaches. Biomechanical analysis of rowing has led to variables that are causally linked to boat speed. With modern technology, these variables can be measured and feedback can be presented instantaneously on-water, or be presented simultaneously with video after the event. This paper demonstrates the links between the criterion of success in rowing, the time for completing 2000 m and the forces acting on the boat, and describes an instrumentation system for providing feedback of these variables to rowers and coaches. These feedback techniques have been used with rowers from national to Olympic competition standard. Aspects of technique have been linked to the determinants of boat speed and several examples are presented here. The motor learning literature supports the effectiveness of kinetic information feedback for the improvement of motor skill and provides a relevant conceptual framework for the improvement of rowing performance. However, although rowers and their coaches value this feedback, further research must be undertaken to establish a sound basis for comparing the effectiveness of such feedback compared with traditional styles, such as verbal feedback of performance. 相似文献
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Factors that affect boat speed are important determinants of rowing performance and should form the basis of feedback to rowers and their coaches. Biomechanical analysis of rowing has led to variables that are causally linked to boat speed. With modern technology, these variables can be measured and feedback can be presented instantaneously on-water, or be presented simultaneously with video after the event. This paper demonstrates the links between the criterion of success in rowing, the time for completing 2000 m and the forces acting on the boat, and describes an instrumentation system for providing feedback of these variables to rowers and coaches. These feedback techniques have been used with rowers from national to Olympic competition standard. Aspects of technique have been linked to the determinants of boat speed and several examples are presented here. The motor learning literature supports the effectiveness of kinetic information feedback for the improvement of motor skill and provides a relevant conceptual framework for the improvement of rowing performance. However, although rowers and their coaches value this feedback, further research must be undertaken to establish a sound basis for comparing the effectiveness of such feedback compared with traditional styles, such as verbal feedback of performance. 相似文献
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Elliott B Lyttle A Birkett O 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2002,1(2):123-134
The purpose of this study was to compare rowing technique on the dynamic RowPerfect ergometer with a single scull. Eight national-level rowers performed on both the RowPerfect ergometer and in a single scull over 500 m, at rates of 24, 26, and 28 strokes/minute. Blade force and oar angle (on-water) and handle force and stroke length (on the ergometer) were measured. Both force and stroke angle/length were normalised from 0 to 100 (where 100 was the peak value). Body positions of the subjects at both the catch and finish of each of these rowing strokes were also compared for each stroke rate. The coefficient of multiple determination (CMD) was used to measure the consistency of force curves over a sample of five sequential strokes for each rower. Cross-correlations were performed between the left- and right-side on-water sculling force curves and a mean of these values with the ergometer curve for each rower. Stroke angle/length, which did not vary with rate, was similar for both forms of rowing. The CMDs showed a high consistency across the normalised strokes of each subject (approximately 0.98). Cross-correlation values of 0.91, 0.92, and 0.93 were recorded between the force curves from the ergometer and on-water trials for stroke rates of 24, 26, and 28 strokes/minute, respectively. The mean trunk, thigh and lower leg angles at the catch and finish of the stroke were also similar across the stroke rates as determined by t-tests. Results indicate that technique used on the RowPerfect ergometer was similar to that for on-water sculling, thus validating its use in off-water training. 相似文献
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Assessment and feedback devices have been regularly used in technique training in high-performance sports. Biomechanical analysis is mainly visually based and so can exclude athletes with visual impairments. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of auditory feedback on mean boat speed during on-water training of visually impaired athletes. The German National Para-Rowing team (six athletes, mean ± s, age 34.8 ± 10.6 years, body mass 76.5 ± 13.5 kg, stature 179.3 ± 8.6 cm) participated in the study. Kinematics included boat acceleration and distance travelled, collected with Sofirow at two intensities of training. The boat acceleration-time traces were converted online into acoustic feedback and presented via speakers during rowing (sections with and without alternately). Repeated-measures within-participant factorial ANOVA showed greater boat speed with acoustic feedback than baseline (0.08 ± 0.01 m·s?1). The time structure of rowing cycles was improved (extended time of positive acceleration). Questioning of athletes showed acoustic feedback to be a supportive training aid as it provided important functional information about the boat motion independent of vision. It gave access for visually impaired athletes to biomechanical analysis via auditory information. The concept for adaptive athletes has been successfully integrated into the preparation for the Para-Rowing World Championships and Paralympics. 相似文献
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All those who compete in the sport of rowing have used the land rowing machine, Ergometer (commonly called the ‘erg’), manufactured
by Concept II (Morrisville, Vermont, USA). Ergon is the Greek word for work, hence the Ergometer measures work. Rowers are
commonly ranked according to their ‘erg score.’ The fault in this ranking is that the land Ergometer cannot account for many
of the important technical aspects associated with rowing on the water. The goals of this project were to (1) develop a system
for on-the-water measurement of work during rowing and then (2) demonstrate the potential of such a system to quantify performance
and improve rowing technique. To achieve these goals, force was measured using strain gauges glued to the shaft of the rowing
oar and angular displacement was measured using a potentiometer. The force and displacement measurements were sent to a microcontroller,
which calculated the total work done in a particular stroke, as well as other parameters, and displayed the values to the
rower. The parameters were used to evaluate the performance of three collegiate rowers on the water. The data were also used
to plot force profiles, which were reviewed with each rower and the coach to illustrate the rowers’ habits and facilitate
improving technique. One rower was ‘tutored’ with the device through five on-the-water practices, after which his force profiles
and parameter values demonstrated significant improvement. The device not only provided a standard to which all rowers were
compared on the water, but also supplied the rowers with important information on technical aspects of their strokes and pacing
themselves. 相似文献
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Lotte L. Lintmeijer Mathijs J. Hofmijster Guido A. Schulte Fischedick Patrick J. Zijlstra A. J. “Knoek” Van Soest 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(18):2138-2146
In rowing, mechanical power output is a key parameter for biophysical analyses and performance monitoring and should therefore be measured accurately. It is common practice to estimate on-water power output as the time average of the dot product of the moment of the handle force relative to the oar pin and the oar angular velocity. In a theoretical analysis we have recently shown that this measure differs from the true power output by an amount that equals the mean of the rower’s mass multiplied by the rower’s center of mass acceleration and the velocity of the boat. In this study we investigated the difference between a rower’s power output calculated using the common proxy and the true power output under different rowing conditions. Nine rowers participated in an on-water experiment consisting of 7 trials in a single scull. Stroke rate, technique and forces applied to the oar were varied. On average, rowers’ power output was underestimated with 12.3% when determined using the common proxy. Variations between rowers and rowing conditions were small (SD = 1.1%) and mostly due to differences in stroke rate. To analyze and monitor rowing performance accurately, a correction of the determination of rowers’ on-water power output is therefore required. 相似文献
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AbstractThis study assessed muscle recruitment patterns and stroke kinematics during ergometer and on-water rowing to validate the accuracy of rowing ergometry. Male rowers (n = 10; age 21 ± 2 years, height 1.90 ± 0.05 m and body mass 83.3 ± 4.8 kg) performed 3 × 3 min exercise bouts, at heart and stroke rates equivalent to 75, 85 and 95% V?O2peak, on both dynamic and stationary rowing ergometers, and on water. During exercise, synchronised data for surface electromyography (EMG) and 2D kinematics were recorded. Overall muscle activity was quantified by the integration of rmsEMG and averaged for each 10% interval of the stroke cycle. Muscle activity significantly increased in rectus femoris (RF) and vastus medialis (VM) (P <0.01), as exercise intensity increased. Comparing EMG data across conditions revealed significantly (P <0.05) greater RF and VM activity during on-water rowing at discrete 10% intervals of stroke cycle. In addition, the drive/recovery ratio was significantly lower during dynamic ergometry compared to on-water (40 ± 1 vs. 44 ± 1% at 95%, P <0.01). Results suggest that significant differences exist while comparing recruitment and kinematic patterns between on-water and ergometer rowing. These differences may be due to altered acceleration and deceleration of moving masses on-ergometer not perfectly simulating the on-water scenario. 相似文献
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目的:分析了不同级别、不同水平男子赛艇运动员2 000 m测功仪比赛时节奏策略的特点和差别。方法:以2008年、2009年英国室内赛艇锦标赛(比赛用时男子公开级<6min 4 s、男子轻量级<6 min 28 s)、中国国家赛艇队以及福建省赛艇队男子公开级(n=49)与轻量级(n=25)运动员2 000 m测功仪比赛每500 m分段速度作为研究对象,分别以运动水平和参赛级别作为数据分类的因素,根据分段相对速度比较其节奏策略的异同。结果:不同级别、不同水平男子赛艇运动员在启航节奏上无显著差异(P<0.05);途中划阶段公开级比轻量级相对速度下降更为明显(500~1 000 m:P<0.05;1 000~1 500 m:P<0.01),国家水平(500~1 000 m:P<0.05;1 000~1 500 m:P<0.01)和地区水平(500~1 000 m:P<0.01;1 000~1 500 m:P<0.01)比国际水平相对速度下降更为显著;终点划阶段,除国际水平公开级运动员的相对速度低于1 000~1 500 m段落(-0.75%)外,其余运动员的终点划相对速度均不同程度地高于1 000~1 500 m段落... 相似文献
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我国优秀赛艇运动员安静状态下心电图某些特点分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对41名国家赛艇队运动员安静状态下心电图进行分析,了解赛艇运动员心电图的某些特点,发现赛艇运动员在窦性心动过缓、心率不齐、房室传导阻滞、ST-T改变发生率较高。 相似文献