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1.
目的：比较两种大强度间歇训练手段对优秀自行车运动员有氧运动能力的影响。方法：将15名备战全国“十三运”的云南省自行车队男子运动员随机分为3组， S组训练方案采用SIT/耐力训练， H组训练方案采用HIIT/耐力训练， C组为对照组，进行传统耐力性训练；训练持续3周。训练前后进行递增负荷测试和有氧运动能力测试，测试指标包括最大摄氧量绝对值（VO2max）、最大摄氧量相对值（VO2max/kg）、每分通气量（VE）、最大心率（HRmax），并通过公式计算每搏输出量（SV），以及测试递增负荷后即刻血乳酸（BLA）、最大有氧功率（P）和40 km个人计时成绩进行了测试。结果：（1）3周训练后，S组运动员VE、HRmax、SV、VO2max、VO2max/kg、P和ITT40km均较训练前有显著性提高（P＜0.05）；H组运动员VE、VO2max/kg、ITT40km较训练前有显著性增加（P＜0.05），BLA有显著性的下降（P＜0.05）。（2）S组运动员ΔVE、ΔHRmax、ΔSV、ΔVO2max、ΔVO2max/kg、ΔBLA、ΔITT40km显著提升（P＜0.05），且优于其余两组；H组仅ΔITT40km存在明显提升（P＜0.05）。结论：间歇训练结合耐力训练对优秀公路自行车运动员的呼吸系统、有氧供能系统可产生积极的影响；而且，SIT结合耐力训练较HIIT结合耐力训练或传统耐力训练更能提高公路自行车运动员的有氧代谢能力和有氧运动能力，训练效果更佳。  相似文献   

2.
目的：探究传统力量结合功能性训练对我国优秀帆船单人艇运动员身体形态和运动素质的影响。方法：选取国家帆船队单人艇级别10名运动员（5男5女）进行8周传统力量结合功能性训练。运动员在训练前后进行身体形态和运动能力测试,身体形态测试包括体重、上臂围、大腿围、胸围、腰围、臀围;运动能力测试包括绝对力量、爆发力、肌肉耐力,以及有氧、无氧能力。采用配对样本T检验分析运动员训练前后身体形态和运动能力之间的差异。结果：经过8周训练,运动员体重、胸围、左右大腿围、臀围分别增加了1.9 kg、1.3 cm、1.5 cm、1.1 cm和1.8 cm（P＜0.05）;卧拉和仰卧腿推举的1RM分别增加了3.8 kg和22.3 kg（P＜0.05）;药球向后过头投掷距离增加了0.9 m（P＜0.05）;腹肌、背肌耐力分别增加了33.6 s和31.7 s（P＜0.05）;1 min内TRX反向划船次数和左右侧支撑的TRX弓箭步次数分别增加了3.8次/分钟、6.2次/分钟（P＜0.05）和8.2次/分钟（P＜0.01）;2 km测功仪的完成时间减少22.3 s（P＜0.05）,30 s自行车的峰值功率和平均功率分别增加了136.0 W（P＜0.05）和121.3 W（P＜0.01）。结论：8周的传统力量结合功能性训练可以促进运动员身体围度增加,提升运动员的绝对力量、爆发力、肌肉耐力,以及有氧、无氧能力。  相似文献   

3.
任爽  刘静  王宇  吴卫东 《健与美》2023,(8):134-136
文章致力于探究非运动员或未经系统训练的人群最大摄氧量与肺功能的关系,了解不同水平受试者的器官功能与素质差异。具体表现为通过招募本校非体育专业身体健康的女大学生20人（20.76岁±1.67岁,161.59厘米±5.2厘米,54.42公斤±4.81公斤）,进行最大摄氧量（直接测定法）、肺功能（肺功能仪测试）测试,应用SPSS22.0软件对受试者最大摄氧量与其他不同指标数据进行Pearson相关分析,进一步以最大摄氧量的正常值为界,通过独立样本t检验比较两个组之间的差异。经研究分析得出：（1）肺活量与最大摄氧量的相对值（r=0.318）和最大摄氧量绝对值（r=0.325）显著正相关（P<0.05）;最大通气量（MVV）与最大摄氧量相对值（0.596）、最大摄氧量绝对值（0.558）和肺活量（r=0.702）显著正相关（P<0.01）。（2）最大摄氧量偏低组和正常组两组之间各个指标都不存在显著性差异（P>0.05）。（3）最大摄氧量偏低组与正常组最大摄氧量相对值（t=-12.12）、最大摄氧量绝对值（t=-9.03）、呼吸商（RQ,t=2.87）显著差异（P<0.01...  相似文献   

4.
对辽宁省自行车队6名女子公路自行车运动员进行递增负荷测试，得到其最大摄氧量和无氧阈及其对应的心率，结果显示：经过一个训练周期，这6名运动员的最大摄氧量的绝对值有提高但不明显，而相对值均有非常显著的提高；无氧阈绝对值和相对值有显著性升高。表明最大摄氧量的相对值与无氧阈的综合运用在训练中更为有效，运动员的有氧能力得到了提高；该训练周期为有效训练。  相似文献   

5.
洪平  李开刚 《游泳》2002,(4):14-16
运动员在从事耐力项目运动时，其能量供应来源主要依靠有氧代谢，因而有氧代谢能力的大小与耐力项目的运动成绩之间呈显著相关。长期以来，运动生理学家们把最大摄氧量（Ｖ０２ｍａｘ）作为衡量人体有氧能力水平的重要指标。有氧能力在各种运动项目中的重要性是不同的。现已证明，最大摄氧量的大小与耐力项目的运动成绩密切相关，最大摄氧量愈大，运动成绩愈好。  相似文献   

6.
跑步经济性     
最大摄氧量被视为有氧能力生理指标和耐力成绩指标.运动员的最大摄氧量与耐力成绩高度相关.然而,同项目运动员,如经过专业化训练的跑步运动员,其最大摄氧量与运动成绩的相关性则不是很高.为什么在最大摄氧量相近的个体中,耐力成绩却各不相同?  相似文献   

7.
划船是一项大强度的耐力性运动项目,它要求运动员具备良好的有氧代谢能力。最大摄氧量常被作为评定耐力运动员有氧能力的指标。近几年国内外对划船运动员的有氧能力陆续作了研究报道。为了解我省划船运动员的机能水平,本文对四川划船集训队41名运动员最大摄氧量进行了测定分析,并与  相似文献   

8.
目的：对国家残疾人高山滑雪站姿组运动员在备战2022年北京冬残奥会期间进行身体机能监控与评价,分析运动员身体机能状态。方法：在2019—2020年训练备战期间,对残疾人高山滑雪国家队站姿组运动员进行了5次血液测试以及6次尿液测试,对运动员红细胞计数(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、白细胞(WBC)、肌酸激酶(CK)、血睾酮(T)、皮质醇(C)、血睾酮与皮质醇比值(T/C)、尿十项、最大摄氧量(VO2max)等生理生化指标进行监控并分析 。结果：运动员RBC、Hb、CK浓度组间不存在差异(P＞0.05)。男性运动员T浓度在组间存在差异(P＜0.05),第3次T浓度显著低于其余4次(P＜0.05);运动员C浓度以及男、女T/C均存在组间差异(P＜0.05),运动员第4次C浓度显著低于其余4次(P＜0.05);男性运动员第4次T/C显著高于其他4次(P＜0.05);女性运动员第4次T/C显著高于第1、第3、第5次(P＜0.05)。尿十项检测中,所有运动员第5次尿蛋白(PRO)呈阳性,第6次测试中有个别运动员尿胆红素(BIL)、尿胆原(URO)呈阳性。 运动员VO2max水平正常,个体间差异较大。结论：国家残疾人高山滑雪站姿组运动员在备战期氧运输功能良好,有氧耐力功能良好;血清T、C以及T/C等指标在训练的不同阶段出现适应性变化,随着训练的进行,运动员的机能状态出现上升的现象。  相似文献   

9.
目的:检验8周CrossFit训练是否对健康成年人最大有氧能力、爆发力、体成分有影响,各指标之间的相关性是否显著。方法:选取14名至少受过CF训练一年以上的男性训练者分别在训练前和训练8周后进行功率自行车递增负荷测试、wattbike 6S峰值功率测试,采集训练者的最大摄氧量(VO 2 max)、体成分、6S峰值功率等相关参数。结果:结果:(1)8周crossFit后,健康成年男子的BMI、最大摄氧量绝对值有显著下降(P<0.05),体脂百分比下降具有极显著性(P<0.01)、最大摄氧量相对值,6S峰值功率均有显著性提高(P<0.01),体重虽然有所下降但是不具有显著性。(2)从皮尔逊相关性得出体重与体成分之间相关性不高,体脂百分比与最大摄氧量相对值(rp=0.94,P<0.01)、最大摄氧量绝对值(rp=0.87,P<0.01)峰值功率(rp=0.89,P<0.01)之间也存在显著性相关。结论:(1)体重与体成分其他指标之间相关性不明显(2)CrossFit可以显着改善健康成年男子的最大摄氧量、无氧峰值功率和身体成分。  相似文献   

10.
运用比较学方法,就格斗性对抗、隔网对抗、同场对抗项群运动员的体能训练进行了对比研究,探讨了对抗类不同项群运动员的体能训练特征.  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

This study was conducted to determine if the Polar FT40 could accurately track changes in maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) in a group of female soccer players. Predicted VO2max (pVO2max) via the Polar FT40 and observed VO2max (aVO2max) from a maximal exercise test on a treadmill were determined for members of a collegiate soccer team (n = 20) before and following an 8-week endurance training protocol. Predicted (VO2max and aVO2max measures were compared at baseline and within 1 week post-training. Change values (i.e., the difference between pre to post) for each variable were also determined and compared. There was a significant difference in aVO2max (pre = 43.6 ± 2.4 ml · kg · min?1, post = 46.2 ± 2.4 ml · kg · min?1, P < 0.001) and pVO2max (pre = 47.3 ± 5.3 ml · kg · min?1, post = 49.7 ± 6.2 ml · kg · min?1, P = 0.009) following training. However, predicted values were significantly greater at each time point compared to observed values (P < 0.001 at pre and P = 0.008 at post). Furthermore, there was a weak correlation between the change in aVO2max and the change in pVO2max (r = 0.18, P = 0.45). The Polar FT40 does not appear to be a valid method for predicting changes in individual VO2max following 8 weeks of endurance training in female collegiate soccer players.  相似文献   

12.
To examine the reliability and validity of 1-mile walk tests for estimation of aerobic fitness (VO2max) in 10- to 13-year-old children and to cross-validate previously published equations. Participants (n = 61) walked 1-mile on two different days. Self-reported physical activity, demographic variables, and aerobic fitness were used in multiple regression analyses. Eight models were developed with various combinations of predictors. The recommended model for fitness testing in schools was: VO2max = 120.702 + (4.114 × Sex [F = 0, M = 1]) – (2.918 × 1-mile Walk Time [min]) – (2.841 × Age), R = .73, standard error of estimate = 6.36 mL·kg?1·min?1. Cross-validation of previously published equations demonstrated lower correlations with measured VO2max than the newly developed walk tests. Evidence of reliability and validity for 1-mile walk tests to estimate VO2max in young children was provided. The model that included 1-mile walk time, age, and sex may be appropriate for youth fitness testing in physical education, particularly for unmotivated or overweight young children.  相似文献   

13.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine differences in heart rate recovery (HRRec) and oxygen consumption recovery (VO2 recovery) between young healthy-weight children and children with obesity following a maximal volitional graded exercise test (GXTmax). Method: Twenty healthy-weight children and 13 children with obesity completed body composition testing and performed a GXTmax. Immediately after the GXTmax, HRRec and VO2 recovery were measured each minute for 5 consecutive minutes. Results: There were no statistically significant group differences in HRRec for the 5 min following maximal exercise, Wilks’s Lambda = .885, F(4, 28) = 0.911, p = .471, between the healthy-weight children and children with obesity despite statistically significant differences in body fat percentage (BF%; healthy-weight children, 18.5 ± 6.1%; children with obesity, 41.1 ± 6.9%, p < .001) and aerobic capacity relative to body mass (VO2 peak; healthy-weight children, 46.8 ± 8.2 mL/kg/min; children with obesity, 31.9 ± 4.7 mL/kg/min, p < .001). There were statistically significant differences in VO2 recovery for the 5 min following exercise, Wilks’s Lambda = .676, F(4, 26) = 3.117, p = .032. There were no statistically significant correlations between HRRec and body mass index (BMI), BF%, VO2peak, or physical activity. Conclusions: In a healthy pediatric population, obesity alone does not seem to significantly impact HRRec, and because HRRec was not related to obesity status, BMI, or BF%, it should not be used as the sole indicator of aerobic capacity or health status in children. Using more than one recovery variable (i.e., HRRec and VO2 recovery) may provide greater insight into cardiorespiratory fitness in this population.  相似文献   

14.
We tested the hypothesis that work-matched supramaximal intermittent warm-up improves final-sprint power output to a greater degree than submaximal constant-intensity warm-up during the last 30?s of a 120-s supramaximal exercise simulating the final sprint during sports events lasting approximately 2?min. Ten male middle-distance runners performed a 120-s supramaximal cycling exercise consisting of 90?s of constant-workload cycling at a workload corresponding to 110% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) followed by 30?s of maximal-effort cycling. This exercise was preceded by 1) no warm-up (Control), 2) a constant-workload cycling warm-up at a workload of 60%VO2max for 6?min and 40?s, or 3) a supramaximal intermittent cycling warm-up for 6?min and 40?s consisting of 5 sets of 65?s of cycling at a workload of 46%VO2max?+?15?s of supramaximal cycling at a workload of 120%VO2max. By design, total work was matched between the two warm-up conditions. Supramaximal intermittent and submaximal constant-workload warm-ups similarly increased 5-s peak (590?±?191 vs. 604?±?215W, P?=?0.41) and 30-s mean (495?±?137 vs. 503?±?154W, P?=?0.48) power output during the final 30-s maximal-effort cycling as compared to the no warm-up condition (5-s peak: 471?±?165W; 30-s mean: 398?±?117W). VO2 during the 120-s supramaximal cycling was similarly increased by the two warm-ups as compared to no-warm up (P?≤?0.05). These findings show that work-matched supramaximal intermittent and submaximal constant-workload warm-ups improve final sprint (～30?s) performance to similar extents during the late stage of a 120-s supramaximal exercise bout.  相似文献   

15.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a 4-week running sprint interval training protocol to improve both aerobic and anaerobic fitness in middle-aged adults (40–50 years) as well as compare the adaptations to younger adults (20–30 years). Twenty-eight inactive participants – 14 young 20–30-year-olds (n = 7 males) and 14 middle-aged 40–50-year-olds (n = 5 males) – completed 4 weeks of running sprint interval training (4 to 6, 30-s “all-out” sprints on a curved, self-propelled treadmill separated by 4 min active recovery performed 3 times per week). Before and after training, all participants were assessed for maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), 2000 m time trial performance, and anaerobic performance on a single 30-s sprint. There were no interactions between group and time for any tested variable, although training improved relative VO2max (young = 3.9, middle-aged = 5.2%; P < 0.04), time trial performance (young = 5.9, middle-aged = 8.2%; P < 0.001), peak sprint speed (young = 9.3, middle-aged = 2.2%; P < 0.001), and average sprint speed (young = 6.8, middle-aged = 11.6%; P < 0.001) in both young and middle-aged groups from pre- to post-training on the 30-s sprint test. The current study demonstrates that a 4-week running sprint interval training programme is equally effective at improving aerobic and anaerobic fitness in younger and middle-aged adults.  相似文献   

16.
Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of a submaximal running warm-up on running performance in male endurance athletes (n = 16, Mage = 21 ± 2 years, MVO2max = 69.3 ± 5.1 mL/kg/min). Method: Endurance performance was determined by a 30-min distance trial after control and submaximal running warm-up conditions in a randomized crossover fashion. The warm-up began with 5 min of quiet sitting, followed by 6 min of submaximal running split into 2-min intervals at speeds corresponding to 45%, 55%, and 65% maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). A 2-min walk at 3.2 km/hr concluded the 13-min warm-up protocol. For the control condition, participants sat quietly for 13 min. VO2 and heart rate (HR) were determined at Minutes 0, 5, and 13 of the pre-exercise protocol in each condition. Results: At the end of 13 min prior to the distance trial, mean VO2 (warm-up = 14.1 ± 2.2 mL/kg/min vs. control = 5.5 ± 1.7 mL/kg/min) and mean HR (warm-up = 105 ± 11 bpm vs. control = 67 ± 11 bpm) were statistically greater (p < .001) in the warm-up condition compared with the control condition. The distance run did not statistically differ (p = .37) between the warm-up (7.8 ± 0.5 km) and control (7.7 ± 0.6 km) conditions; however, effect size calculation revealed a small effect (d = 0.2) in favor of the warm-up condition. Thus, the warm-up employed may have important and practical implications to determine placing among high-level athletes in close races. Conclusions: These findings suggest a submaximal running warm-up may have a small but critical effect on a 30-min distance trial in competitive endurance athletes. Further, the warm-up elicited increases in physiological variables VO2 and HR prior to performance; thus, a submaximal specific warm-up should warrant consideration.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate two practical interval training protocols on cardiorespiratory fitness, lipids and body composition in overweight/obese women. Thirty women (mean ± SD; weight: 88.1 ± 15.9 kg; BMI: 32.0 ± 6.0 kg · m2) were randomly assigned to ten 1-min high-intensity intervals (90%VO2 peak, 1 min recovery) or five 2-min high-intensity intervals (80–100% VO2 peak, 1 min recovery) or control. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak), peak power output (PPO), body composition and fasting blood lipids were evaluated before and after 3 weeks of training, completed 3 days per week. Results from ANCOVA analyses demonstrated no significant training group differences for any primary variables (P > 0.05). When training groups were collapsed, 1MIN and 2MIN resulted in a significant increase in PPO (?18.9 ± 8.5 watts; P = 0.014) and time to exhaustion (?55.1 ± 16.4 s; P = 0.001); non-significant increase in VO2 peak (?2.36 ± 1.34 ml · kg?1 · min?1; P = 0.185); and a significant decrease in fat mass (FM) (??1.96 ± 0.99 kg; P = 0.011). Short-term interval exercise training may be effective for decreasing FM and improving exercise tolerance in overweight and obese women.  相似文献   

18.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between running economy (RE) and performance in a homogenous group of competitive Kenyan distance runners. Maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) (68.8 ± 3.8 ml?kg?1?min?1) was determined on a motorised treadmill in 32 Kenyan (25.3 ± 5.0 years; IAAF performance score: 993 ± 77 p) distance runners. Leg anthropometry was assessed and moment arm of the Achilles tendon determined. While Achilles moment arm was associated with better RE (r2 = 0.30, P = 0.003) and upper leg length, total leg length and total leg length to body height ratio were correlated with running performance (r = 0.42, P = 0.025; r = 0.40, P = 0.030 and r = 0.38, P = 0.043, respectively), RE and maximal time on treadmill (tmax) were not associated with running performance (r = ?0.01, P = 0.965; r = 0.27; P = 0.189, respectively) in competitive Kenyan distance runners. The dissociation between RE and running performance in this homogenous group of runners would suggest that RE can be compensated by other factors to maintain high performance levels and is in line with the idea that RE is only one of many factors explaining elite running performance.  相似文献   

19.
This study investigated the autonomic and haemodynamic responses to different aerobic exercise loads, with and without blood flow restriction (BFR). In a crossover study, 21 older adults (8 males and 13 females) completed different aerobic exercise sessions: low load without BFR (LL) (40% VO2max), low load with BFR (LL-BFR) (40% VO2max + 50% BFR) and high load without BFR (HL) (70% VO2max). Heart rate variability and haemodynamic responses were recorded during rest and throughout 30 min of recovery. HL reduced R–R interval, the root mean square of successive difference of R–R intervals and high frequency during 30 min of recovery at a greater magnitude compared with LL and LL-BFR. Sympathetic–vagal balance increased the values for HL during 30 min of recovery at a greater magnitude when compared with LL and LL-BFR. Post-exercise haemodynamic showed reduced values of double product at 30 min of recovery compared to rest in LL-BFR, while HL showed higher values compared to rest, LL-BFR and LL. Reduced systolic blood pressure was observed for LL-BFR (30 min) compared to rest. Autonomic and haemodynamic responses indicate lower cardiovascular stress after LL-BFR compared to HL, being this method, besides the functional adaptations, a potential choice to attenuate the cardiovascular stress after exercise in older adults.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

In this study, we examined the effects of three recovery intensities on time spent at a high percentage of maximal oxygen uptake (t90[Vdot]O2max) during a short intermittent session. Eight endurance-trained male adolescents (16 ± 1 years) performed four field tests until exhaustion: a graded test to determine maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O2max; 57.4 ± 6.1 ml · min?1 · kg?1) and maximal aerobic velocity (17.9 ± 0.4 km · h?1), and three intermittent exercises consisting of repeat 30-s runs at 105% of maximal aerobic velocity alternating with 30 s active recovery at 50% (IE50), 67% (IE67), and 84% (IE84) of maximal aerobic velocity. In absolute values, mean t90[Vdot]O2max was not significantly different between IE50 and IE67, but both values were significantly longer compared with IE84. When expressed in relative values (as a percentage of time to exhaustion), mean t90[Vdot]O2max was significantly higher during IE67 than during IE50. Our results show that both 50% and 67% of maximal aerobic velocity of active recovery induced extensive solicitation of the cardiorespiratory system. Our results suggest that the choice of recovery intensity depends on the exercise objective.  相似文献   

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