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1.
目的:探讨优势侧肢体动作技能水平与示范模式对非优势侧肢体复杂动作技能学习的影响.方法:首先,以足球正脚背踢球为载体,8名优秀运动员为研究对象,采用运动生物力学方法对非优势侧肢体动作与优势侧肢体动作的差异特征进行研究,提取能够反映双侧动作技能差异的指标;然后,将48名被试分为低水平十学习型示范组、低水平十熟练型示范组、高水平十学习型示范组、高水平十熟练型示范组,共计4组,以学习非优势侧正脚背踢球为任务,对4组被试分别进行了学习后即刻、24 h保持测试以及迁移测试.结果表明:在学习、保持/迁移测试中,具有优势侧学习经验者,无论采用何种示范模式,其非优势侧肢体复杂动作技能的学习绩效均优于无优势侧学习经验者;在保持/迁移测试中,具有优势侧学习经验者,其非优势侧肢体复杂动作技能的学习绩效,采用学习型示范优于熟练型示范;无优势侧学习经验者适宜采用熟练型示范;具有优势侧学习经验者适宜采用学习型示范. 相似文献
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本文以太极拳演练实验验证了交叉迁移的发生及其速度与肢体的优势例或非优势侧有关,与技术的熟练程度有关,与动作的复杂程度有关。 相似文献
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本研究以教学实验法为主，试图从行为学层面上探讨在排球扣球动作技术教学中，通过弱势侧肢体教学（左侧），来促进与影响优势侧肢体（右侧）技术掌握，实验表明：脑半球教学策略的实施提高了右侧手运动技能的学习水平，对学生的正面扣球技术技评和达标成绩都产生了积极的影响，同时也提高了学生学习的兴趣和爱好。 相似文献
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在青少年篮球教学与训练中,弱侧肢体的情况是客观存在的,尤其是篮球初学者球感差、球性不熟,往往依赖于强侧肢体做动作,如果任其下去势必会造成强弱侧肢体两极分化和技术发育不全的后果。为了全面学习和掌握基本技术,充分发挥人肢体器官的作用,提高运动员的进攻能力,必须重视和加强运动员弱侧肢体的教学与训练。下面例举对篮球初学者进行弱 相似文献
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目的：探索跆拳道运动员前横踢动作下肢优势侧和非优势侧的运动生物力学特征差异性。方法：采用Vicon三维运动捕捉系统、Kistler三维测力台和Deado电子护具计分系统，采集13名跆拳道运动员前横踢动作下有效得分时髋、膝、踝关节的运动学和动力学数据，使用Visual3D软件对采集数据进行逆向运动学和动力学计算，并对结果采用配对样本T检验的方法进行差异性分析。结果：(1)进攻腿：髋关节屈曲力矩峰值、膝关节伸展力矩峰值优势侧大于非优势侧(p<0.05),膝关节屈曲最大角度优势侧大于非优势侧(p<0.01),髋关节伸展力矩峰值、外展最大角度非优势侧大于优势侧(p<0.01)。(2)支撑腿：髋关节屈曲幅度、屈曲功率峰值、外展功率峰值优势侧大于非优势侧(p<0.05),髋关节外展力矩峰值、膝关节伸展力矩峰值优势侧大于非优势侧(p<0.01),髋关节伸展角速度峰值、踝关节跖屈力矩峰值非优势侧大于优势侧(p<0.05),髋关节外展角速度峰值、膝关节屈曲力矩峰值、踝关节旋外角速度峰值非优势侧大于优势侧(p<0.01)。(3)进攻腿击打力度值及进攻腿和支撑腿垂直... 相似文献
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目的:评估下肢优势侧和非优势侧20m×5负重往返跑对下肢爆发力产生的影响。方法:采用随机交互设计,14名健康男性受试者分别完成2次20m×5负重往返跑,分别在运动后即刻和20min进行下肢爆发能力测试,并记录RR间期。结果:与安静状态相比,优势侧和非优势负重运动后,心率、运动后过氧消耗和运动冲量均显著增加(P<0.01),但优势侧和非优势侧之间不存在显著差异(P>0.05);与安静值相比,优势侧和非优势侧运动后即刻整体表现下肢爆发力纵跳高度显著降低(P<0.05),同样的,最小作用力、垂直蹬伸速度和腾空时间在运动后即刻显著下降(P<0.05),但两者之间不存在显著差异(P>0.05),其余动力学指标运动前后不存在显著差异(P>0.05);运动后20min内均除平均速度显著增加外(P<0.05),其余指标均恢复到安静状态(P>0.05)与安静值相比,优势侧和非优势侧运动后即刻整体、前后和左右方向摆动均显著增加(P<0.05),但两者之间不存在显著差异。运动后20min内均恢复到安静状态(P>0.05)。整体上,表明单侧负重,下肢优势侧和非优势侧爆发力能力的波动程度相同。结论:下肢优势侧不影响运动后即刻和运动后恢复期爆发力的变化。 相似文献
8.
周俊芬 《武汉体育学院学报》2008,42(10):66
以体育院系排球选修班学生为研究对象，采用分组“单盲”教学实验，从心理、生理学的角度出发，探讨在排球扣球技术教学中，实施以挖掘学生内在运动潜能和改善人体右脑运动调节功能为目的的双侧肢体同步交叉技能学习的教学策略，是否有利于双侧肢体技能的交叉迁移，影响优势侧（右侧）肢体运动技能的习得进程。实验结果表明，通过上述教学策略的运用可以促进右侧手运动技能的掌握进程，对学生的正面扣球技术技评和达标成绩都产生了积极的影响。 相似文献
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目的 采用常规非对称性测试方法，结合可模拟速度滑冰弯道姿态的发力训练器，探讨双边不对称性在速度滑冰项目中的表现形式，为速度滑冰下肢肌肉力量训练提供建议。方法 对11名速度滑冰国家队长距离组男子运动员进行测试，以5 000 m最佳成绩进行排序。分别对受试运动员进行单、双侧蹲跳测试，速度滑冰弯道侧蹬技术单次和连续单腿侧蹬动作模拟测试，分析不同指标结果以及与单、双边专项运动水平之间的相关性。结果 双边不对称性的增加与优势侧（左腿）的运动表现呈正相关。随着侧蹬次数增加，专项运动能力与优势侧相关性降低，而与非优势侧（右腿）的相关性增加。结论 优势侧的肌肉力量是影响速度滑冰运动员运动表现及双边不对称性的主要因素，而随着运动员侧蹬次数增加，对非优势侧的影响会逐渐加大。因此，运动员可通过单边模拟侧蹬的力量训练增强下肢肌肉力量，降低双边不对称性。 相似文献
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篮球技能对强、弱手迁移的实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1 前言生来用右手的人 ,其左侧脑半球占优势 ;用左手的人 ,其右侧脑半球占优势 ,因此产生了绝大多数人有强、弱手之分。我们把用原来习惯的一只手完成技术动作练习 ,称为强手练习。反之 ,称为弱手练习。两侧性迁移是身体一侧肢体学习和完成某一已被身体的另一侧肢体学习和掌握了的特殊技能的能力。这里要强调的是肢体之间 (即两手之间 )的练习迁移。两侧性迁移目前研究还较少 ,对运动技能学习中应用两侧性迁移原则的研究还尚待挖掘。笔者通过篮球运动技能的教学实验进行测试、对比分析 ,阐述在篮球运动技能学习过程中 ,充分利用两侧性迁移… 相似文献
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Biomechanical differences in soccer kicking with the preferred and the non-preferred leg 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
The aims of this study were to examine the release speed of the ball in maximal instep kicking with the preferred and the non-preferred leg and to relate ball speed to biomechanical differences observed during the kicking action. Seven skilled soccer players performed maximal speed place kicks with the preferred and the non-preferred leg; their movements were filmed at 400 Hz. The inter-segmental kinematics and kinetics were derived. A coefficient of restitution between the foot and the ball was calculated and rate of force development in the hip flexors and the knee extensors was measured using a Kin-Com dynamometer. Higher ball speeds were achieved with the preferred leg as a result of the higher foot speed and coefficient of restitution at the time of impact compared with the non-preferred leg. These higher foot speeds were caused by a greater amount of work on the shank originating from the angular velocity of the thigh. No differences were found in muscle moments or rate of force development. We conclude that the difference in maximal ball speed between the preferred and the non-preferred leg is caused by a better inter-segmental motion pattern and a transfer of velocity from the foot to the ball when kicking with the preferred leg. 相似文献
12.
In Australian football (AF), handballing proficiently with both the preferred and non-preferred arm is important at elite levels; yet, little information is available for handballing on the non-preferred arm. This study compared preferred and non-preferred arm handballing techniques. Optotrak Certus (100 Hz) collected three-dimensional data for 19 elite AF players performing handballs with the preferred and non-preferred arms. Position data, range of motion (ROM), and linear and angular velocities were collected and compared between preferred and non-preferred arms using dependent t-tests. The preferred arm exhibited significantly greater forearm and humerus ROM and angular velocity and significantly greater shoulder angular velocity at ball contact compared to the non-preferred arm. In addition, the preferred arm produced a significantly greater range of lateral bend and maximum lower-trunk speed, maximum strike-side hip speed and hand speed at ball contact than the non-preferred arm. The non-preferred arm exhibited a significantly greater shoulder angle and lower- and upper-trunk orientation angle, but significantly lower support-elbow angle, trunk ROM, and trunk rotation velocity compared to the preferred arm. Reduced ROM and angular velocities found in non-preferred arm handballs indicates a reduction in the degrees of freedom and a less developed skill. Findings have implication for development of handballing on the non-preferred arm. 相似文献
13.
H.C. Dörge T. Bull Andersen H. SØrensen E.B. Simonsen 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):293-299
The aims of this study were to examine the release speed of the ball in maximal instep kicking with the preferred and the non-preferred leg and to relate ball speed to biomechanical differences observed during the kicking action. Seven skilled soccer players performed maximal speed place kicks with the preferred and the nonpreferred leg; their movements were filmed at 400 Hz. The inter-segmental kinematics and kinetics were derived. A coefficient of restitution between the foot and the ball was calculated and rate of force development in the hip flexors and the knee extensors was measured using a Kin-Com dynamometer. Higher ball speeds were achieved with the preferred leg as a result of the higher foot speed and coefficient of restitution at the time of impact compared with the non-preferred leg. These higher foot speeds were caused by a greater amount of work on the shank originating from the angular velocity of the thigh. No differences were found in muscle moments or rate of force development. We conclude that the difference in maximal ball speed between the preferred and the non-preferred leg is caused by a better inter-segmental motion pattern and a transfer of velocity from the foot to the ball when kicking with the preferred leg. 相似文献
14.
Ball KA 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(14):1545-1552
Kicking with the non-preferred leg is important in Australian Football and becoming important in the rugby codes. The aim of this study was to examine differences between preferred and non-preferred leg kicking in the drop punt kick. Seventeen elite Australian Football players performed kicks with the preferred and non-preferred leg. Optotrak Certus collected kinematic data of the kick leg and pelvis (200 Hz) from kick leg toe-off until ball contact. Foot speed, knee and shank angular velocity at ball contact, and pelvis range of motion were significantly larger for the preferred leg (P < 0.05). In contrast, hip and thigh angular velocity at ball contact and hip range of motion were significantly larger for the non-preferred leg. This indicates different movement patterns, with preferred-leg kicks making greater use of the pelvis, knee, and shank while non-preferred leg kicks rely relatively more on the hip and thigh (P < 0.05). Reasons for this difference might be due to locking degrees of freedom or sub-optimal sequencing in the non-preferred leg. The thigh-knee continuum identified by Ball ( 2008 ) was also evident in this study. Findings have implications for training non-preferred leg kicking for performance and injury prevention. 相似文献
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足球运动中踢球脚有优势脚与非优势脚之分,优势脚踢球主要表现为踢球力量大、出球准确,而非优势脚则与之相反。两者摆动腿摆动特征具有相似性,但运用生物力学手段对其研究发现,优势脚与非优势脚摆动腿的摆动特征存在很多差异性,主要表现在非优势脚摆动腿的蹬地不充分、股后肌群力量较弱、小腿屈曲不充分、小腿前摆时间过早、膝关节制动太早以及小腿前摆不充分等一系列差异上。因此,平时应该加强非优势脚训练,以形成正确动力定型。 相似文献
16.
设计了一个用测力台测试散打侧踹动作动力学特性的方法，并用该方法对8名我国男子优秀散打运动员进行了测试，结果表明：运动员侧踹时，从接触到最大力量的时间为20。左右，整个侧踹过程的时间平均为170ms，平均最大侧踹力量达到925kg；运动员的左右腿之间存在明显的差异，优势腿在最大力量、爆发力及冲量等动力学指标方面均显著地强于弱势腿。 相似文献
17.
Detailed time-series of the resultant joint moments and segmental interactions during soccer instep kicking were compared between the preferred and non-preferred kicking leg. The kicking motions of both legs were captured for five highly skilled players using a three-dimensional cinematographic technique at 200 Hz. The resultant joint moment (muscle moment) and moment due to segmental interactions (interaction moment) were computed using a two-link kinetic chain model composed of the thigh and lower leg (including shank and foot). The mechanical functioning of the muscle and interaction moments during kicking were clearly illustrated. Significantly greater ball velocity (32.1 vs. 27.1 m . s(-1)), shank angular velocity (39.4 vs. 31.8 rad . s(-1)) and final foot velocity (22.7 vs. 19.6 m . s(-1)) were observed for the preferred leg. The preferred leg showed a significantly greater knee muscle moment (129.9 N . m) than the non-preferred leg (93.5 N . m), while no substantial differences were found for the interaction moment between the two legs (79.3 vs. 55.7 N . m). These results indicate that the highly skilled soccer players achieved a well-coordinated inter-segmental motion for both the preferred and non-preferred leg. The faster leg swing observed for the preferred leg was most likely the result of the larger muscle moment. 相似文献
18.
Wayne Spratford Rebecca Mellifont Brendan Burkett 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(3):235-244
This study biomechanically quantified the movement patterns for six elite goalkeepers making diving saves to their preferred and non-preferred side at three different dive heights. Synchronised three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic biomechanical data analysis found diving direction to significantly (P < 0.05) influence the movement patterns of the diving save. The non-preferred side displayed greater lateral rotation of the pelvis and thorax at the initiation event. These over-rotational differences were reduced during the time on plate phase with the thorax displaying no significant difference at take-off; although a difference still remained for the pelvis. These over rotations were subsequently linked to greater peak knee joint moments, lower peak ankle joint moments, less hip extension at take-off, and for the centre of mass (COM) to travel slower and less directly to the ball, as measured by the net projection angle at take-off. These results indicate that joint movements in the transverse plane at or before the initiation event for the dive for the pelvis and thorax are the causation for subsequent asymmetries. These observed differences indicate that there is an advantage in having prior knowledge of limb preference in an opposing goalkeeper. 相似文献
19.
Footedness in world soccer: an analysis of France '98. 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
D P Carey G Smith D T Smith J W Shepherd J Skriver L Ord A Rutland 《Journal of sports sciences》2001,19(11):855-864
Most football players and coaches agree that players are capable of learning to use both feet with equal frequency and efficiency--that is, become 'two-footed'. There is also some consensus that two-footed play is associated with skill in individual players. If these assumptions are true, then the world's elite football players should be substantially less 'one-footed' than the rest of the population. To examine this issue, we quantified the pattern of foot use in a sample of 236 players from 16 teams in the 1998 World Cup (France '98). Our findings indicate that World Cup players are as right-footed as the general population (approximately 79%). The remaining players were largely left-footed and as biased towards the use of their preferred foot as their right-footed counterparts. Very few players used each foot with equal frequency. Remarkably, both left- and right-footed players were as skilled, on average, with their non-preferred foot as they were with their preferred foot, on the rare occasions when they used it. Therefore, it is unlikely that infrequent use of one foot compared to the other foot can be accounted for by skill differences between the feet. Players were most asymmetrical for set pieces; nevertheless, first touches, passes, dribbles and tackles were rarely performed with the non-preferred foot as well. Our results support a biological model of foot preference and performance, as well as demonstrating the usefulness of soccer for studies of lateral asymmetries. 相似文献
20.
David P. Carey Geoff Smith Daniel T. Smith John W. Shepherd Jan Skriver Leslie Ord 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):855-864
Most football players and coaches agree that players are capable of learning to use both feet with equal frequency and efficiency – that is, become 'two-footed'. There is also some consensus that two-footed play is associated with skill in individual players. If these assumptions are true, then the world's elite football players should be substantially less 'one-footed' than the rest of the population. To examine this issue, we quantified the pattern of foot use in a sample of 236 players from 16 teams in the 1998 World Cup (France '98). Our findings indicate that World Cup players are as right-footed as the general population (~79%). The remaining players were largely leftfooted and as biased towards the use of their preferred foot as their right-footed counterparts. Very few players used each foot with equal frequency. Remarkably, both left- and right-footed players were as skilled, on average, with their non-preferred foot as they were with their preferred foot, on the rare occasions when they used it. Therefore, it is unlikely that infrequent use of one foot compared to the other foot can be accounted for by skill differences between the feet. Players were most asymmetrical for set pieces; nevertheless, first touches, passes, dribbles and tackles were rarely performed with the non-preferred foot as well. Our results support a biological model of foot preference and performance, as well as demonstrating the usefulness of soccer for studies of lateral asymmetries. 相似文献