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引用相关数据证明以下内容:"划船式短跑途中跑技术"[1]是世界级水平部分运动员使用的技术;而低于世界级水平部分优秀运动员使用的是经典短跑途中跑技术. 相似文献
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运用激光测速系统、运动学分析系统以及多参数同步触发系统,在上海2名优秀短跑运动员的100 m跑训练过程中进行测试,将运动员100 m途中跑支撑阶段的运动学参数与人体运动的水平速度进行同步分析,来揭示短跑运动员100 m途中跑速度的变化规律,讨论和分析短跑运动员100 m途中跑支撑阶段的不同运动学参数的变化与人体速度的关系,为教练员和运动员提高短跑途中跑的速度和改进技术动作提供一定的数据参考和理论依据。 相似文献
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本文引用相关数据证明以下“划船式短跑途中跑技术[1]”是世界级水平部分运动员使用的技术;而低于世界级水平部分优秀运动员使用的是经典短跑途中跑技术。 相似文献
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我们曾对美国优秀百米运动员的技术进行系统的生物力学分析,又对我国集训队男子短跑运动员进行多次技术诊断。在此基础上,研究我国优秀男子百米运动员途中跑技术存在的主要问题,为我国广大教练员及运动员进一步明确短跑技术概念及改进技术提供依据。研究方法本研究所采用的方法是生物力学指标对比法。即用世界水平的短跑运动员的途中跑技术与我国优秀短跑运动员的途中跑技术进行对比,所选择的参数都是早已证明与短跑成绩直接有关的。 相似文献
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通过对男子短跑运动员100m途中跑垂直缓冲时段运动学参数的灰色关联度分析，得出以下结论：下肢的关节点的夹角及上臂摆幅与跑速高度相关，各环节角度变化将影响短跑运动员跑进时的前蹬阻力及后蹬腿的蹬地方向，进而影响后蹬腿对地做功的有效功率。由此可见，增加短跑运动员途中跑垂直缓冲时段髋关节、膝关节及上臂前摆幅将有助于提高短跑的跑速。 相似文献
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前言一般运动水平的儿童少年(尤其是小学低年级学生)的短跑途中跑,基本上体现出一种自然技术;具有一定运动水平的短跑运动员则体现出一种竞技技术。国内外优秀短跑运动员的途中跑技术的形成,是一个经过长期系统训练的过程,这个过程实质上也就是自然技术向竞技技术演变的过程。因此,中小学生掌握短跑途中跑技术的正确与否,对将来在较高阶段能否进一步巩固与提高跑的技术影响很大;但 相似文献
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中、外优秀男子百米途中跑运动学研究及模型的构建 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过文献资料调研、影片解析等方法对中、外优秀男子短跑运动员途中跑最高速度时一个单步的技术结构进行运动学研究。通过对着地瞬间、后蹬瞬间、腾空瞬间的运动学指标分析，总结出男子优秀运动员共性的技术原理，运用灰色关联分析中关联度的大小，建立优秀男子百米专项运动技术模型。 相似文献
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前言途中跑技术是现代短跑技术中重要的组成部分,近几年来,短跑途中跑的整体技术变化不大,但除了科学化训练及场地器材不断更新的因素外,短跑途中跑技术的不断完善与发展仍是运动成绩不断提高的重要原因之一,在现代短跑技术研究成果的分析基础上,从多方面分析,对现代短跑途中跑的技术特点有以下几点认识： 相似文献
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短跑全程技术变化的内在原因浅析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
短跑的起跑、加速跑、途中跑技术是相互关联、相互依赖的有机连续体。对短跑各阶段技术的生物力学图片进行数据处理和分析，从生物力学、解剖学、能量利用等方面，对短跑全程技术连续变化的内部机理进行阐述，以供教学和训练参考。 相似文献
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关于短跑途中跑前蹬阶段的机制探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
王夫 《武汉体育学院学报》2000,34(3):58-60
短跑途中跑支撑时期的前蹬阶段,缩短前蹬时间是减小制动一的主要因素,鞭打式着地技术和高重心跑是缩短前蹬时间重要的技术环节。前蹬是后蹬必备的准备阶段。 相似文献
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Grant SJ Oommen G McColl G Taylor J Watkins L Friel N Watt I McLean D 《Journal of sports sciences》2003,21(12):1009-1015
Different methods of ball carrying can be used when a player runs with the ball in rugby union. We examined how three methods of ball carrying influenced sprinting speed: using both hands, under the left arm and under the right arm. These methods were compared with running without the ball. Our aim was to determine which method of ball carrying optimizes sprinting speed. Altogether, 48 rugby union players (age 21 +/- 2 years, height 1.83 +/- 0.1 m, body mass 85.3 +/- 12 kg, body fat 14 +/- 5%; mean +/- s) were recruited. The players performed twelve 30-m sprints in total (each player performed three trials under each of three methods of carrying the ball and sprinting without the ball). The design of the study was a form of Latin rectangle, balanced across the trial order for each of the methods and for pairwise combinations of the methods in blocks of four per trial. Each sprint consisted of a 10-m rolling start, followed by a 20-m timed section using electronic timing gates. Compared with sprinting 20 m without the ball (2.58 +/- 0.16 s), using both hands (2.62 +/- 0.16 s) led to a significantly slower time (P < 0.05). Sprinting 20 m with the ball under the left arm (2.61 +/- 0.15 s) or under the right arm (2.60 +/- 0.17 s) was significantly quicker than when using 'both hands' (P < 0.05), and both these methods were significantly slower than when running without the ball (P < 0.05). Accordingly, running with the ball in both hands led to the greatest decrement in sprinting performance, although carrying the ball under one arm also reduced the players' sprinting ability. Our results indicate that to gain a speed advantage players should carry the ball under one arm. 相似文献
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To determine the movement patterns and physiological demands of top-class soccer assistant referees, we performed computerized time-motion analysis and measured heart rate and blood lactate concentration in 15 assistant referees during 22 competitive matches in the top Danish league. To relate match performance to the physical capability of the assistant referees, they performed a 3 x 30 m sprint protocol before and after matches and a laboratory treadmill test within 3 weeks of the games. The mean total distance covered by the top-class assistant referees was 7.28 (range 5.78-8.16) km, of which 1.15 (0.86-1.44) km was high-intensity running and 1.16 (0.12-2.34) km was sideways running. The amount of high-intensity running during a game was correlated with performance of repeated sprints (r = 0.80, P < 0.05). Mean heart rate was 137 (117-159) beats x min(-1), corresponding to 73% (60-88%) of maximal heart rate and 65% (53-80%) of maximal oxygen uptake. Blood lactate concentration was 4.7 (1.6-11.0) and 4.8 (1.1-13.7) mmol x 1(-1) after the first and second half, respectively. Sprinting performance was poorer (P < 0.05) after than before the games. The peak distance to the offside line was greater (P < 0.05) in the second than the first half (7 +/- 1 vs 5 +/- 0 m). Our results show that: (1) top-class assistant soccer refereeing is characterized by brief intense bouts of forward and sideways running interspersed with long periods of low activity; (2) top-class soccer assistant referees have moderate aerobic energy production during games with episodes of high aerobic and anaerobic energy turnover; (3) assistant referees' performance of repeated sprints correlates with the amount of high-intensity running performed in a game; and (4) sprint performance decreases towards the end of a game, which appears to affect assistant referees' ability to keep up with play. 相似文献
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Tobias Alt Kai Heinrich Johannes Funken Wolfgang Potthast 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(6):552-560
Curve running requires the generation of centripetal force altering the movement pattern in comparison to the straight path run. The question arises which kinematic modulations emerge while bend sprinting at high velocities. It has been suggested that during curve sprints the legs fulfil different functions. A three-dimensional motion analysis (16 high-speed cameras) was conducted to compare the segmental kinematics of the lower extremity during the stance phases of linear and curve sprints (radius: 36.5 m) of six sprinters of national competitive level. Peak joint angles substantially differed in the frontal and transversal plane whereas sagittal plane kinematics remained unchanged. During the prolonged left stance phase (left: 107.5 ms, right: 95.7 ms, straight: 104.4 ms) the maximum values of ankle eversion (left: 12.7°, right: 2.6°, straight: 6.6°), hip adduction (left: 13.8°, right: 5.5°, straight: 8.8°) and hip external rotation (left: 21.6°, right: 12.9°, straight: 16.7°) were significantly higher. The inside leg seemed to stabilise the movement in the frontal plane (eversion–adduction strategy) whereas the outside leg provided and controlled the motion in the horizontal plane (rotation strategy). These results extend the principal understanding of the effects of curve sprinting on lower extremity kinematics. This helps to increase the understanding of nonlinear human bipedal locomotion, which in turn might lead to improvements in athletic performance and injury prevention. 相似文献
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不同速度运动后大鼠骨骼肌氧化还原状态的变化及乳酸阈的形成 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究的目的在于观察不同速度运动后大鼠骨骼肌氧化还原状态的变化及其与乳酸阈形成之间的关系。通过测定不同速度运动后 SD 大鼠骨骼机 NADH 和 NAD 含量变化发现,低强度运动后 NADH下降,中等强度运动后又升高,肌乳酸均有少量增加。在乳酸阈速度时,NADH 含量和 NADH/NAD 比值呈现出迅速增加的趋势。由此得出结论:中等强度运动后 NADH 含量升高主要是线粒体内 NADH 发生改变;肌肉 NADH/NAD 比值的变化对乳酸阈的形成是极其重要的调节因素。在中强度时细胞即开始向还原状态转变,可能对加速乳酸的积累和乳酸阈的形成具重要意义。 相似文献
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SJ Grant G Oommen G McColl J Taylor L Watkins N Friel 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1009-1015
Different methods of ball carrying can be used when a player runs with the ball in rugby union. We examined how three methods of ball carrying influenced sprinting speed: using both hands, under the left arm and under the right arm. These methods were compared with running without the ball. Our aim was to determine which method of ball carrying optimizes sprinting speed. Altogether, 48 rugby union players (age 21±2 years, height 1.83±0.1?m, body mass 85.3±12?kg, body fat 14?±?5%; mean±s) were recruited. The players performed twelve 30-m sprints in total (each player performed three trials under each of three methods of carrying the ball and sprinting without the ball). The design of the study was a form of Latin rectangle, balanced across the trial order for each of the methods and for pairwise combinations of the methods in blocks of four per trial. Each sprint consisted of a 10-m rolling start, followed by a 20-m timed section using electronic timing gates. Compared with sprinting 20?m without the ball (2.58±0.16?s), using both hands (2.62±0.16?s) led to a significantly slower time (P?<0.05). Sprinting 20?m with the ball under the left arm (2.61±0.15?s) or under the right arm (2.60± 0.17?s) was significantly quicker than when using ‘both hands’ (P?<0.05), and both these methods were significantly slower than when running without the ball (P?<0.05). Accordingly, running with the ball in both hands led to the greatest decrement in sprinting performance, although carrying the ball under one arm also reduced the players' sprinting ability. Our results indicate that to gain a speed advantage players should carry the ball under one arm. 相似文献
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To determine the movement patterns and physiological demands of top-class soccer assistant referees, we performed computerized time-motion analysis and measured heart rate and blood lactate concentration in 15 assistant referees during 22 competitive matches in the top Danish league. To relate match performance to the physical capability of the assistant referees, they performed a 3 2 30 m sprint protocol before and after matches and a laboratory treadmill test within 3 weeks of the games. The mean total distance covered by the top-class assistant referees was 7.28 (range 5.78-8.16) km, of which 1.15 (0.86-1.44) km was high-intensity running and 1.16 (0.12-2.34) km was sideways running. The amount of high-intensity running during a game was correlated with performance of repeated sprints (r = 0.80, P ? 0.05). Mean heart rate was 137 (117-159) beats · min-1 , corresponding to 73% (60-88%) of maximal heart rate and 65% (53-80%) of maximal oxygen uptake. Blood lactate concentration was 4.7 (1.6-11.0) and 4.8 (1.1-13.7) mmol · l -1 after the first and second half, respectively. Sprinting performance was poorer (P ? 0.05) after than before the games. The peak distance to the offside line was greater (P ? 0.05) in the second than the first half (7 - 1 vs 5 - 0 m). Our results show that: (1) top-class assistant soccer refereeing is characterized by brief intense bouts of forward and sideways running interspersed with long periods of low activity; (2) top-class soccer assistant referees have moderate aerobic energy production during games with episodes of high aerobic and anaerobic energy turnover; (3) assistant referees' performance of repeated sprints correlates with the amount of high-intensity running performed in a game; and (4) sprint performance decreases towards the end of a game, which appears to affect assistant referees' ability to keep up with play. 相似文献
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Sprinting analysis of elite soccer players during European Champions League and UEFA Cup matches 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Di Salvo V Baron R González-Haro C Gormasz C Pigozzi F Bachl N 《Journal of sports sciences》2010,28(14):1489-1494
It has been suggested that assessment of high-intensity activities during a match is a valid measure of physical performance in elite soccer. Recently, sprinting activities have been analysed in more depth. The aim of this study was to develop a detailed analysis of the sprinting activities of different playing positions during European Champions League and UEFA Cup competitions. Altogether, 717 elite outfield soccer players were evaluated throughout 2002-2006 using ProZone? (Leeds, UK). Sprinting (explosive and leading) was analysed for each playing position. To compare positional differences, a Kruskal-Wallis analysis was performed. Differences were found among positions for total number of sprints and total sprint distance covered: wide midfielders > (attackers = wide defenders) > central midfielders > central defenders (P < 0.001), as well as for explosive sprints: (wide midfielders = attackers = wide defenders) > central defenders, wide midfielders > central midfielders > central defenders and attackers = wide defenders = central midfielders (P < 0.001), and leading sprints: wide midfielders > (attackers = wide defenders) > central midfielders > central defenders (P < 0.001). For each group, there were no differences in ratio of explosive to leading sprints. Wide midfielders performed a higher number of sprints in all five distance categories than all other positions. This study showed that sprinting characteristics are influenced by position. Wide midfielders have to complete additional high-intensity activities during training sessions compared with the other positions to achieve the performance level required during the match. 相似文献
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Purpose: The goal of this study was to determine the effects of repeated-sprint training in hypoxia induced by voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volume (VHL) on running repeated-sprint ability (RSA) in team-sport players.Methods: Twenty-one highly trained rugby players performed, over a 4-week period, seven sessions of repeated 40-m sprints either with VHL (RSH-VHL, n?=?11) or with normal breathing (RSN, n?=?10). Before (Pre-) and after training (Post-), performance was assessed with an RSA test (40-m all-out sprints with a departure every 30?s) until task failure (85% of the reference velocity assessed in an isolated sprint).Results: The number of sprints completed during the RSA test was significantly increased after the training period in RSH-VHL (9.1?±?2.8 vs. 14.9?±?5.3; +64%; p?p?=?.74). Maximal velocity was not different between Pre- and Post- in both groups whereas the mean velocity decreased in RSN and remained unchanged in RSH-VHL. The mean SpO2 recorded over an entire training session was lower in RSH-VHL than in RSN (90.1?±?1.4 vs. 95.5?±?0.5%, p?Conclusion: RSH-VHL appears to be an effective strategy to produce a hypoxic stress and to improve running RSA in team-sport players. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):163-172
Abstract To quantify the effects of adaptation to acutely intermittent hypoxia on running performance, we randomized 29 trained male hockey and soccer players in double-blind fashion to altitude or placebo groups for 15 days of daily use of a functional or placebo hypoxic re-breathing device. Each day's exposure consisted of alternately breathing stale and fresh air for 6 and 4 min respectively over 1 h. Oxygen saturation was monitored with pulse oximeters and progressively reduced in the hypoxia group (90% on Day 1, 77% on Day 15; equivalent to altitudes of ～3600–6000 m above sea level). Performance tests were an incremental run to maximum speed followed by six maximal-effort running sprints; tests were performed 1 day before, 3 days after, and 12 days after the 15-day treatment. Relative to placebo, at 3 days post treatment the hypoxia group showed a mean increase in maximum speed of 2.0% (90% confidence limits, ±0.5%); sprint speed was relatively faster by 1.5% (±1.7%) in the first sprint through 7.0% (±1.5%) in the last; there were also substantial reductions in exercise lactate concentration and resting and exercise heart rate. Substantial effects on performance were still present 9 days later. Thus, adaptation to acutely intermittent hypoxia substantially improves high-intensity running performance. 相似文献