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1.
高原训练对游泳运动员促红细胞生成素的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文研究了高原训练对游泳运动员血液成分促红细胞生成素EPO及血红蛋白(Hb)的影响。结果表明:EPO在高原缺氧,运动强度及环境迅速改变刺激下均可升高,但维持时间较短,一般不超过一周。通过EPO的变化规律,可以指导高原训练负荷的安排。 相似文献
2.
本文测试了10名女子公路自行车运动员经过三周大运动量训练前后血液中血红蛋白,血尿素氮,血睾酮和铁蛋白的变化。结果表明:经过三周大运动量训练血红蛋白明显低于训练前(P<0.05),晨血尿素氮明显高于训练前(P<0.05),血睾酮变化不明显(P>0.05),血清铁蛋白明显低于训练前。经过一周恢复性训练后,各项指标均恢复训练前水平,其中血睾酮明显高于训练前。以上结果表明应用这些生化指标指导、安排训练是切实可行的。 相似文献
3.
本实验用RT-PCR方法对不同时间的大负荷训练及恢复后大鼠促红细胞生成素(EPO)表达的变化进行了研究,结果发现低负荷训练组和-次大负荷训练恢复24h组EPO mRNA水平比安静组分别增加4.88%和7.32%,但均无显著性.在大负荷训练组中,EPO mRNA较安静对照组均有较大幅度的下降.在恢复组中,除了一次大负荷训练恢复24h组较一次大负荷训练即刻组EPO mRNA具有显著的增加外(p＜0.05),持续大负荷训练组在恢复后EPO mRNA均有不同程度的下降.结果提示训练负荷太低可能不足以引起对EPO表达的刺激;适当负荷的训练后可促进EPO的表达,但持续大负荷训练可导致EPO表达水平的降低,这可能是诱发红细胞数目下降的主要原因之一. 相似文献
4.
游泳运动员大负荷训练中心理、生理疲劳和应对方式 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
冯燕 《天津体育学院学报》2004,19(3):54-56
采用问卷调查法和测量法跟踪调查了33名游泳运动员6周大负荷训练中的心理、生理疲劳和应对方式,目的是为教练员科学进行大负荷训练提供心理和生理依据。结果显示,POMS量表和10项自我陈述测验在一定程度上可以反映游泳运动员大负荷训练中的心理疲劳;训练中最高心率、血红蛋白、血清肌酸激酶、尿素氮等指标可以客观地反映游泳运动员大负荷训练中的生理疲劳;在大负荷训练感受中,女运动员精神疲倦显著高于男运动员;面对大负荷训练的疲劳,男运动员倾向于采用自我激励、转移注意力和解决问题及逃避等应对方式;女运动员则倾向于采用自责、宣泄、寻求支持和幻想及逃避等应对方式。 相似文献
5.
葛根素对游泳训练小鼠红细胞和血红蛋白升高的消退作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
观察葛根素对游泳训练小鼠血液成分和运动能力的影响。将 4 0只小鼠随机分成对照组、葛根素对照组、游泳训练组和葛根素游泳训练组。游泳训练小鼠分别进行 6周每天 80 min的游泳训练 ,葛根素实验小鼠游泳训练开始后第 3周腹腔注射 6 0 m g/ kg葛根素 ,对照组注射等体积生理盐水 ,连续 3周 ,于游泳停止后 4 h进行尾静脉取血 ,测定白细胞、红细胞、血小板和血红蛋白等指标 ;次日进行一次性力竭游泳。结果表明 ,游泳训练组小鼠的血红蛋白浓度、红细胞数、血小板数都比对照组明显增加 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,而葛根素游泳训练组血红蛋白、红细胞数和血小板数与对照组之间则无明显差异。葛根素游泳训练组小鼠的力竭游泳时间与游泳训练组比较明显延长 (P<0 .0 5 )。说明葛根素可降低因运动训练引起的血红蛋白的升高、红细胞数和血小板数的增多 ,降低血液的粘度 ,延长力竭游泳的时间 ,提高机体的运动能力。 相似文献
6.
对男子自由式摔跤运动员大强度训练课前、训练后即刻及训练后次日晨的血红蛋白、血睾酮、血清肌酸激酶和血尿素指标进行监测分析,结果显示：血红蛋白和血睾酮在训练后即刻明显下降,训练后次日晨又明显恢复,但仍未恢复到安静水平;血清肌酸激酶和血尿素在训练后即刻明显升高,训练后次日晨又明显下降,但仍未下降到安静水平。提示训练内容比较合理,训练后队员机体产生了一定程度疲劳,训练后次日晨疲劳明显恢复,队员能够适应当前训练负荷强度。 相似文献
7.
高原训练对中长跑运动员红细胞生成的作用 总被引：30，自引：5，他引：25
观察了10名中长跑运动员进行4周高原(海拔1917m)训练前后血清促红细胞生成素(EPO)血液RBC、Hb、网织红细胞(RC)、血球压积(Hct)的变化。结果发现:(1)高原训练能显著增加运动员的红细胞数量和血红蛋白含量,但EPO水平在上高原1周后下降,4周后下降幅度更大;下高原3周后又开始回升。网织红细胞的变化趋势与EPO的变化保持一致;(2)高原训练能提高运动员的生理机能,并且高原训练产生的影响效应,可能至少保持3周;(3)高原训练对女运动员产生的影响效应,比男运动员的较为明显。 相似文献
8.
运动性免疫抑制的机制研究 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
为进一步研究运动性免疫抑制的机制 实验方法采用对大鼠进行为期8周,每周6次,每次150min的游泳训练,测定淋巴细胞的增殖功能、细胞因子等免疫指标、血清Gln、Arg含量以及淋巴细胞凋亡的变化。结果显示:①8周大负荷训练后,大鼠血清IL-2含量和淋巴细胞转化率均显著降低,而血清sIL-2R含量却显著升高。②8周大负荷训练后,大鼠血清Gln、Arg含量以及血清GM-CSF含量显著降低,而淋巴细胞凋亡率却显著升高。结论为:①长期大负荷训练可以导致机体细胞免疫功能的显著降低;②长期大负荷的运动训练可以导致血清Gln、Arg含量的降低和外周淋巴细胞凋亡增加,可能是运动性免疫抑制的重要机制。 相似文献
9.
运用文献资料法、实验法、数理统计法和访谈法对江苏省参加2015年全国皮划艇锦标赛的10名女子皮艇运动员在赛前6周训练中血清肌酸激酶、血尿素氮、血红蛋白、红细胞积压、尿PH值、尿比重等指标进行监测。结果:在赛前第6周高强度大运动量后,运动员血清肌酸激酶、血尿素氮含量出现较大程度的上升,血红蛋白和红细胞压积整体偏低,表明高强度训练产生强烈刺激,且未能在短期内较好恢复;经过积极调整后,血液指标逐步降到正常水平,部分队员尿液指标处于正常值以外;第3周适当增加训练量和强度后,训练后增加了恢复手段与营养调整,第2周继续增加训练量降低强度,部分产生应激反应,采取积极恢复方法,赛前第1周整体处于正常范围。结论:生化指标能反映运动员对赛前运动负荷的适应情况以及身体机能的状况;通过及时分析生化指标变化,及时调整训练计划和恢复措施,能有效控制运动员身体机能;建议训练负荷的安排要循序渐进,因人而异;训练恢复方法多样。 相似文献
10.
目的:探讨八周高原训练对优秀男子赛艇运动员促红细胞生成素(EPO)和红细胞系等指标的影响。方法:12名男子赛艇运动员在云南会泽(2210米)进行8周高原训练,在高原训练前的第3天、高原训练的第2天、第5天、第10天、第24天、第35天、第56天以及高原训练结束后的第14天、第28天等测试运动员的EPO和红细胞系等指标。结果:与高原训练前相比,高原训练的第2天EPO、RBC和Hgb分别提高了27.21%、6.04%和2.88%;在第56天分别提高了8.37%、10.63%(P<0.05)和4.72%;在高原训练结束后14天分别提高了21.92%、9.11%(P<0.05)和7.74%(P<0.05)。结果提示,8周高原训练能够有效地提高运动员EPO和红细胞(RBC)等水平,但其变化规律不同于常规的4-6周高原训练。而RBC和血红蛋白(Hgb)等呈现波浪形的变化趋势,这可能跟运动训练的量和强度密切相关。而初次与多次高原训练的运动员在相关指标的变化上具有不同的规律,提示初次进行高原训练的运动员对高原环境更加敏感。 相似文献
11.
为促进我国游泳运动水平的普及与提高,采用国际泳联颁布的计算公式对现行游泳运动员技术等级标准进行分值计算,结果表明现行标准在同等级同项目不同性别运动员及同等级不同项目之间均存在较大差异,严重影响了运动员训练、达标积极性。建议对游泳运动员技术等级标准进行适当修订,以期更公平公正、合理科学。 相似文献
12.
前庭感受器的稳定性直接反映帆船运动员的控制能力。本文采用文献综述和测试法,对帆船运动员大负荷专项训练前、后两个阶段进行了前庭器官机能稳定性的测定。研究发现运动员在大负荷专项训练后,前庭器官机能的稳定性不仅没有受到破坏,反而有不同程度的提高,说明帆船运动员训练水平的巩固和提高必须要有大负荷训练量的配合。 相似文献
13.
In the past, studies and book recommendations on relay starts in swimming have been predominantly focused on the change-over time (COT) as a performance criterion. Aside from the circular backswing start with parallel foot placement, few studies have analysed differences in the take-off movement including step approaches as well. Although trends could be identified, the results remained still somewhat inconclusive. In contrast, no study has examined as has examined whether a reduction of COT in between wall contact of the income swimmer and the take-off of the outgoing swimmer is an optimal relay start strategy, as advocated by various swimming experts. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare two different relay start strategies: offensive strategy minimizing COT and conservative strategy to maximize horizontal peak force (HPF). In this regard, a learning intervention with 24 elite-level swimmers (12 females, 12 male) was conducted to compare both strategies regarding relay start time, HPF and COT. Subjects were randomly assigned to two feedback groups: COT versus HPF at take-off. The results of this study showed a clear advantage for HPF feedback for relay start performance measured by wall contact of the incoming swimmer and head passage at 7.5?m of the outgoing swimmer. In addition, similar reductions in COTs were found in both training groups. In conclusion, swimmers should focus on force production rather than minimizing COT. For the latter, deteriorating consequences for force production must be considered. 相似文献
14.
青少年游泳运动员作为中国游泳运动队的后备力量,他们的竞技水平将直接影响中国游泳的未来。对加强青少年游泳运动员体能训练的必要性和中国青少年游泳运动员体能训练中存在的弊端进行了分析,为中国青少年游泳运动员体能训练提出了建设性的建议,旨为在全面提高和发展我国游泳运动提供更好的指导和有益的参考。 相似文献
15.
Steffen Pacholak Stefan Hochstein Alexander Rudert Christoph Brücker 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2014,13(2):176-194
The undulatory underwater sequence is one of the most important phases in competitive swimming. An understanding of the recurrent vortex dynamics around the human body and their generation could therefore be used to improve swimming techniques. In order to produce a dynamic model, we applied human joint kinematics to three-dimensional (3D) body scans of a female swimmer. The flow around this dynamic model was then calculated using computational fluid dynamics with the aid of moving 3D meshes. Evaluation of the numerical results delivered by the various motion cycles identified characteristic vortex structures for each of the cycles, which exhibited increasing intensity and drag influence. At maximum thrust, drag forces appear to be 12 times higher than those of a passive gliding swimmer. As far as we know, this is the first disclosure of vortex rings merging into vortex tubes in the wake after vortex recapturing. All unsteady structures were visualized using a modified Q-criterion also incorporated into our methods. At the very least, our approach is likely to be suited to further studies examining swimmers engaging in undulatory swimming during training or competition. 相似文献
16.
对少年女子游泳运动员血红蛋白、无氧阈、有氧能力随月经周期呈规律性变化的研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
为掌握女子运动员的月经周期对运动能力影响的规律 ,本文对 2 3名 12～ 15岁少年女子游泳运动员的血红蛋白、无氧阈、有氧能力随月经周期呈规律性变化进行了研究。研究结果表明 :运动员的血红蛋白值呈周期性波动 ,这种波动与月经周期有密切联系 ,波动的差值有显著性差异 ;血红蛋白高峰时 ,无氧阈曲线右移 ,有氧能力提高。据此 ,可以从调整月经周期入手 ,调整血红蛋白峰值出现的时间 ,从而控制有氧能力高水平出现的时机 ,使运动员最佳身体状况出现在竞赛时 ,对进一步科学安排运动训练和比赛提供了理论依据。 相似文献
17.
Earl N. Newman 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):1049-1053
Abstract This study made the comparison of swimmers ranked according to swimming ability as determined by actual time tests in events used in NCAA high school dual meets with personality traits as measured by the Thurstone temperament schedule. The purpose was to add to the knowledge of characteristics of swimmers by determining if the factors within the individual which make a boy a better swimmer correlate significantly with the measured personality traits. Twenty-one swimmers were timed throughout the swimming season on each of the swimming events and the rank of each swimmer calculated. Each swimmer was given the personality test. Statistical analysis of the rankings of these seven personality traits was made in comparison to the swimming rank of the swimmers in the various strokes. Three rank difference correlations were found significant at the .05 level, indicating a tendency for rank of swimming performance to correspond with rank of personality variable. The dominant trait was positively correlated with 100-yard freestyle ranking. Negative correlations were found with the sociable trait and the 100-yard breaststroke and with the reflective trait and 200-yard freestyle. 相似文献
18.
Given that research outside of sport and exercise has found that stigma may cause severe consequences (e.g. depression), it is important to explore the concept in regard to its connection to socio-cultural issues in the development and persistence of stigmatisation in sporting contexts. Analytic autoethnography and Goffman’s theory of stigma was used to explore one female swimmer’s experiences of ‘enacted’ and ‘felt’ competitive performance stigma occurring in elite swimming and a masters swimming context. Competitive performance stigma has not been conceptualised or explored as a stigma type in sport research, however through the presentation and analysis of two vignettes and the use of Goffman, this is achieved. The social agents that contributed to both ‘enacted’ and ‘felt’ competitive performance stigma and the consequences/effects (e.g. withdrawal from sport, feelings of shame) for this swimmer are highlighted. Our analysis further highlights the role of particular cultural insiders (e.g. coaches, team managers and other swimmers) in the reproduction of competitive performance stigma through acts of labelling, discrimination and social isolation. These acts positioned the female swimmer as an ‘outsider’ because of her competitive performance which in turn led to her withdrawal from these two sporting contexts highlighting the implications for recipients of stigmatisation. 相似文献
19.
Salvador Llana-Belloch Jose Ignacio Priego Quesada Pedro Pérez-Soriano Ángel G. Lucas-Cuevas Andrea Salvador-Pascual Gloria Olaso-González 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(5):609-617
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are generated through the reaction of chlorine with organic and inorganic matter in indoor swimming pools. Different DBPs are present in indoor swimming pools. This study evaluated the effects of different chlorinated formations in oxidative stress and lung damage in 20 swimmers after 40?min of aerobic swimming in 3 indoor pools with different characteristics. Biological samples were collected to measure lung damage (serum-surfactant-associated proteins A and B), oxidative stress parameters (plasma protein carbonylation and malondialdehyde, and whole-blood glutathione oxidation), and swimming exertion values (blood lactate) before and after exercise. Free chlorine and combined chlorine in water, and chlorine in air samples were determined in all the swimming pools. Chlorination as disinfection treatment led to the formation of chloramines in water samples, mainly mono- and dichloramine. However, free chlorine was the predominate species in ultraviolet-treated swimming pool. Levels of total chlorine increased as a function of the swimming activity in chlorinated swimming pools. The lower quality of the installation resulted in a higher content of total chlorine, especially in air samples, and therefore a higher exposure of the swimmer to DBPs. However, the concentration level of chlorinated DBPs did not result in significant variation in serum-surfactant-associated proteins A and oxidative stress parameters in swimmers. In conclusion, the quality of the installation affected the DBPs concentration; however, it did not lead to lung epithelial damage and oxidative stress parameters in swimmers. 相似文献
20.
Hideki Takagi Motomu Nakashima Yohei Sato Kazuo Matsuuchi 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(16):1564-1580
This paper reviews unsteady flow conditions in human swimming and identifies the limitations and future potential of the current methods of analysing unsteady flow. The capability of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been extended from approaches assuming steady-state conditions to consideration of unsteady/transient conditions associated with the body motion of a swimmer. However, to predict hydrodynamic forces and the swimmer’s potential speeds accurately, more robust and efficient numerical methods are necessary, coupled with validation procedures, requiring detailed experimental data reflecting local flow. Experimental data obtained by particle image velocimetry (PIV) in this area are limited, because at present observations are restricted to a two-dimensional 1.0 m2 area, though this could be improved if the output range of the associated laser sheet increased. Simulations of human swimming are expected to improve competitive swimming, and our review has identified two important advances relating to understanding the flow conditions affecting performance in front crawl swimming: one is a mechanism for generating unsteady fluid forces, and the other is a theory relating to increased speed and efficiency. 相似文献