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随着素质教育的普及，少年儿童学习游泳的人数越来越多，且年龄也有逐渐偏小的趋势。我们教研室从上世纪八十年代开始在每年的署假举办少儿游泳班，主要从事蛙泳的培训，少数提高班的学员在学会蛙泳的基础上，可选学自由泳和仰泳。综观近二十年的教学经验，我们觉得少儿学习游泳，不管是哪一种泳姿，首先应该解决的问题就是“气”——及呼吸问题，因为呼吸问题不解决或呼吸节奏紊乱，其它的技术动作就很难保证顺利和高质量的完成。现以蛙泳为例，讲讲少年儿童蛙泳教学在呼吸这一技术环节中应注意的几个问题。一、从憋气着手，习惯水对口、鼻… 相似文献
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对儿童仰泳技术动作教法的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过2004~2007年在陕西游泳运动管理中心暑期仰泳培训班,对少儿仰泳的教学进行的摸索,总结出少儿学习仰泳的较为实用的方法并收到较好的效果。仰泳是初学者较容易掌握的一种泳姿。由于仰泳仰卧在水中,体位与其他三种姿势不同,对初学者尤其是少儿来说,是个难点。作者根据多年从事仰泳教学的经验,总结出较实用的直接和间接教学方法,为儿童及成年人的仰泳教学提供一定的参考。1、熟悉水性由于游泳是在水里进行的活动,因此,必须先熟悉水性,使儿童对水环境不再陌生,和水建立感情,使身体与水具有亲和力;并通过水中行走、玩耍了解水的自然特性,使身… 相似文献
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运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法和专家访谈法,以我国124名优秀游泳运动员为研究对象,以不同泳姿(自由泳、仰泳、蛙泳、蝶泳)为研究视角分析易损伤部位特征,提出合理的损伤预防措施.结果表明:易损伤部位主要是肩颈部、腰背部、膝部.不同泳姿的游泳项目中,易损伤部位存在差异性.自由泳主要易损伤部位是肩颈部,蛙泳主要是膝部,蝶泳主要是肩颈部和腰背部,仰泳运动员踝部损伤人数多于其他泳姿游泳运动员.男女游泳运动员易损伤部位无明显差异. 相似文献
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仰泳是初学者较容易掌握的一种泳姿。由于仰泳仰卧在水中，体位与其他三种姿势不同，初学者尤其是少儿来说．是个难点。 相似文献
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<正>游泳运动是一项深受人们喜爱的体育项目。随着夏季的到来,游泳已成为人们锻炼身体、丰富生活、增进友谊、促进身心全面发展的重要手段。特别是现在有很多大、中、小学已将游泳纳入到体育教学内容之中。游泳运动姿势(竞技)包括:蛙泳、爬泳(自由泳)、仰泳、蝶泳等四种。蛙泳是人们比较熟悉和运用比较多的一种姿势。而自由泳则是深受广大学生和游泳爱好者喜欢的泳姿。它动作舒展大方、较易掌握,而且泳速较快。下面介绍学习自由泳技术的练习方法。 相似文献
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游泳教学效果好坏会直接影响着我国游泳运动的普及和提高。而在游泳教学中确定以哪种泳式作为初学者的第一泳式,又是一个十分重要的问题。为此,长期以来,对儿童少年游泳教学中泳式顺序问题一直存在着争议。有人认为作为普及之用,应先教学生蛙泳,然后再教其他泳式;也有人认为为了培养游泳运动员应先从自由泳教起,随后再教仰泳、蝶泳,最后教蛙泳。他们认为自由泳、仰泳、蝶泳动作相似,能很快学会四种泳式;还有人提出以仰泳为第一种游泳教学泳式,其理由是能使初学者在不考虑呼吸问题时,学会这一泳式,同时他们还认为仰泳与爬泳、蝶泳在动作结构上有许多相似之处,其技能相互 相似文献
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为了揭示近年来男子400m个人混合泳项目比赛呈现的特征,主要采用数理统计等方法对近年来国内、外重大游泳比赛成绩进行分析。与奥运会前3名水平相比较,全运会前3名混合泳运动员自由泳分段成绩胜出,但蝶泳、仰泳、蛙泳分段水平均要落后。全运会上前8名运动员各个分段均落后于奥运会前8名运动员,差距最大的是仰泳,其次是蝶泳、蛙泳和自由泳。通过对2011—2013年国内、外重大游泳比赛参加个人混合泳决赛的运动员成绩统计来看,同组中,优秀运动员一般采用蝶泳、仰泳分段控制节奏,蛙泳和自由泳分段发力领先对手的体能分配方案;水平略差的运动员蝶泳和仰泳分段一般领先,后半程由于诸多原因呈落后趋势;还有一种表现形式,就是其他泳姿表现一般,但在自己优势泳姿上全力以赴,但从对应的名次来看,这种体能分配往往取得不了较好的成绩。研究表明,国内男子个人混合泳整体水平较国际水平尚有差距,后备人才梯队建设和项目制胜规律应该引起重视;从分段成绩上考虑,蝶泳和仰泳差距较大;从混合泳体能分配特征来看,各分段泳姿对总成绩的影响是不同的,游进过程中采用蝶泳、仰泳分段控制节奏,蛙泳和自由泳分段发力领先对手的分配方案,可能在同组中发挥更好成绩;单纯利用自己擅长泳姿,不注意整体体能分配,一般不会获得理想成绩。 相似文献
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综合运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法以及专家访谈法等方法,以不同泳姿(自由泳、仰泳、蛙泳、蝶泳)为研究视角,对我国78名优秀女子游泳运动员进行问卷调查.研究结果表明,我国优秀女子游泳运动员损伤主要类型是肌肉韧带拉伤,不同泳姿由于技术特点导致损伤部位存在差异性.运动损伤的发生是多个因素的相互结合作用,主要包括训练因素、身体素质、心理因素以及其他因素等.分析和探讨我国优秀女子游泳运动员损伤致因,提出合理的损伤预防建议,以期能减少运动损伤患病率,提高运动员运动成绩和延长运动寿命. 相似文献
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During backstroke, an optimum shoulder entry angle of 180° has been anecdotally suggested; however, this has yet to be investigated biomechanically. The aim of this study was to quantify shoulder entry angles for advanced and intermediate backstroke swimmers. Six advanced (season's best?<150?s) and six intermediate (season's best?>160?s) 200-m backstroke swimmers had markers applied to the medial humeral epicondyles and glenoid cavities. Following a familarization period, participants completed backstroke swimming trials (90?s each) in a swimming flume at 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% of their season's best 200-m velocity. A camera positioned above the flume recorded frontal plane motion, which was digitized and analysed in Simi Motion Systems. The mean peak angle between the upper arm and the line of progression was established in ten strokes for each participant. The results showed backstroke shoulder entry angles for advanced swimmers (170°) were significantly closer to the suggested optimum 180° compared with those of intermediate swimmers (161°). The non-dominant arm displayed values closer to the optimum (171°), while swimming speed had no effect on backstroke shoulder entry angle. In conclusion, backstroke shoulder entry angle may help discriminate between advanced and intermediate backstroke swimmers and may be influenced by laterality dominance, being independent of swimming speed. 相似文献
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AbstractStroke-coordination and symmetry influence the force fluctuations within any net drag force profile. The aim of this study was to analyse elite (FINA points 938) backstroke swimmers stroke-coordination using an instantaneous net drag force and timing protocols using a symmetry index tool. Ten male and nine female elite backstroke swimmers completed three maximum speed trials and five maximum speed net drag force swimming trials. Net drag force was measured using an assisted motorised dynamometer device. Each trial was filmed using three genlocked 50 Hz cameras, synchronised to the net drag force output from the force-platform. This methodology enabled the comparison of stroke-coordination timing symmetry index to net drag force symmetry index. The timing symmetry index and net drag force symmetry index yielded different results, the timing reflects the stroke-coordination, whilst the force index identified the effectiveness of the stroke. The only variable that was significantly different when comparing left and right stroke patterns was the location of minimum net drag forces. Conversely, gender influenced the location of maximum net drag force. Relationship analysis identified that location of maximum net drag force production was the only variable to correlate with speed within this cohort. Backstroke arm coordination was minimally influenced by gender. 相似文献
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随着社会进步和生活质量的提高,家长也越来越注意对孩子的全面培养,而健康的身体是其它活动的基础。更多的家长愿意在暑假为孩子选择一项体育项目,在众多的体育运动项目中,游泳渐被更多的家长和孩子所青睐。文章运用文献资料法、观察法、访谈法、问卷调查法,最后总结归纳并结合笔游泳培训班的教学实践经验分析了少儿在暑期的游泳培训技术学习中影响效果满意度的各种因素。其中有少儿自身的年龄身心特点及兴趣爱好等内在因素也有教练的教学方法、言语引导等外界因素。并根据这些因素总结出少儿在暑期短时间游泳学习中所要注意的问题,并提出了一些对策和建议。 相似文献
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Raul F. Bartolomeu Mário J. Costa Tiago M. Barbosa 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(16):1836-1845
The aim of our study was to assess the effect of the limbs’ actions on the nonlinear properties of the four competitive swimming strokes. Forty-nine swimmers performed all-out sprints at front-crawl, backstroke, breaststroke and butterfly, each one at full stroke (FS), only the arms’ stroke (AS), and only leg kicking (LK), in a total of 12 bouts, 6 per day. A speedo-meter cable was attached to the swimmer’s hip, to collect the speed-time raw data (f = 50Hz). Velocity, speed fluctuation, sample entropy and fractal dimension were derived from the speed-time series. Significant and moderate-strong effects were noted for both stroke and condition in all variables in the study (p ≤ 0.001; 0,560<η2 < 0,952). The four competitive strokes and their three conditions exhibited nonlinear properties. The swimming pattern was less complex and more predictable for LK in comparison to AS and FS. Breaststroke and butterfly have more complex but more predictable patterns than backstroke and front-crawl. 相似文献
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目的:探讨国内和国际比赛中200m个人混合泳运动员的节奏策略,各种泳姿对比赛成绩的影响以及性别和游泳能力水平所扮演的角色。方法:国内和国际各三场比赛中94名运动员的分段成绩和比赛用时百分比用于分析,采用双因素方差分析来探讨性别(男、女)和游泳能力水平(1-3名和4-8名)对各泳姿比赛用时百分比的影响,另外通过皮尔逊相关系数来确定哪种泳姿(分段成绩)对比赛成绩的影响。结果:国内和国际比赛中运动员均以最快的速度完成前1/4赛程,在比赛中间阶段速度明显下降,最后1/4阶段再全力冲刺的比赛节奏。获得奖牌者的仰泳成绩相关系数最高(r>0.730),4-8名运动员则是自由泳成绩(r>0.620)。国内和国际比赛中男子运动员在蛙泳阶段的比赛用时百分明显高于女子(P=0.005,P=0.006),但在自由泳阶段较低(P=0.034,P=0.005)。结论:不论性别和游泳能力水平,国内和国际比赛中200m个人混合泳运动员的节奏策略均为抛物线型。其中男子运动员更倾向于积极加速的节奏策略,而女子则青睐于消极的节奏策略。在国内外比赛中,1-3名和4-8名分别与仰泳、自由泳成绩强相关。在专项训练中,应该考虑性别和游泳能力水平的差异尤其在仰泳和自由泳泳姿上。 相似文献
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通过对运动员两种仰泳出发技术的预备姿势、离台阶段、腾空阶段、入水阶段和头到达指定距离的时间进行了有关运动学特征的比较和分析。结果表明,脚出水面仰泳出发技术的预备姿势重心高,离壁角度大,离壁速度快,双手空中移动速度快,手入水距离远,入水角度较小;从水下滑行到5m、7.5m段的时间看,脚出水面仰泳出发技术的优势明显,脚出水面的仰泳出发技术优于脚不出水面的仰泳出发技术。 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Yassine Negra Tony D. Myers Senda Sammoud Helmi Chaabene 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(7):787-794
ABSTRACTThis study identified key somatic and demographic characteristics that benefit all swimmers and, at the same time, identified further characteristics that benefit only specific swimming strokes. Three hundred sixty-three competitive-level swimmers (male [n = 202]; female [n = 161]) participated in the study. We adopted a multiplicative, allometric regression model to identify the key characteristics associated with 100 m swimming speeds (controlling for age). The model was refined using backward elimination. Characteristics that benefited some but not all strokes were identified by introducing stroke-by-predictor variable interactions. The regression analysis revealed 7 “common” characteristics that benefited all swimmers suggesting that all swimmers benefit from having less body fat, broad shoulders and hips, a greater arm span (but shorter lower arms) and greater forearm girths with smaller relaxed arm girths. The 4 stroke-specific characteristics reveal that backstroke swimmers benefit from longer backs, a finding that can be likened to boats with longer hulls also travel faster through the water. Other stroke-by-predictor variable interactions (taken together) identified that butterfly swimmers are characterized by greater muscularity in the lower legs. These results highlight the importance of considering somatic and demographic characteristics of young swimmers for talent identification purposes (i.e., to ensure that swimmers realize their most appropriate strokes). 相似文献
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唐桂萍 《沈阳体育学院学报》2003,(3):79-80
通过两轮的教学实验 ,进行两种相关泳姿的不同教法研究。实验结果表明 ,蛙泳腿和仰泳腿、蝶泳腿和自由泳腿同步教学 ,两者可产生良性转移 ,延缓了局部肌肉的疲劳 ,加速了动作技能的形成 ,经两轮的教学实验 ,两轮达标平均成绩经T检验 ,P <0 .0 1,差异非常显著。 相似文献
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近年来,儿童游泳越来越受到社会各界的重视.但其教学质量的参差不齐,使家长们望而却步.笔者通过10年的暑假儿童游泳教学总结出儿童游泳分层次游泳教学法,此教学法使儿童在较短的时间内(10～12天),掌握一种游泳姿势,95%的学生能游50m以上,分层次教学法具有高效性和安全性的优点,是一个行之有效的教学方法. 相似文献