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目的:探究二甲双胍联合抗阻运动干预对糖尿病大鼠的血糖的影响,以及对下丘脑TGF-β1、Smad2/3含量的影响。方法:采用高糖高脂饲料喂养结合腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(Streptozocin,STZ)注射液诱导糖尿病大鼠模型,二甲双胍和抗阻爬梯干预,Western-Blot法检测糖尿病大鼠下丘脑TGF-β1、Smad2/3蛋白表达量。结果:二甲双胍和运动均有一定降血糖效果,以药物治疗最为明显,联合干预的效果低于单独干预;二甲双胍和抗阻运动干预及其联合干预,Smad2/3、TGF-β1表达无明显的改变。结论:6周的糖尿病进程可能没有损伤大鼠下丘脑,抗阻运动和二甲双胍药物干预降低糖尿病大鼠血糖可能存在一定的抵消作用。 相似文献
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不同运动方式对2型糖尿病患者血糖相关指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
刘政潭 《山东体育学院学报》2010,26(7)
目的:比较12周有氧运动和抗阻训练对2型糖尿病患者血糖相关指标影响的差异,为制定特异性的运动处方提供依据.方法:将符合标准的受试者随机分为有氧运动组(14人)、抗阻训练组(13人)、对照组(15人),有氧运动组和抗阻训练组进行每周3次、共12周的运动干预,对照组保持日常生活习惯不变.实验前后分别测定血糖(包括空腹血糖和运动后非空腹血糖)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、心率和血压等指标.结果:12周运动干预后,有氧运动组和抗阻训练组空腹血糖、运动后非空腹血糖、HbA1c均下降(P<0.05),但抗阻训练组运动后非空腹血糖、HbA1c降低的程度(分别为38%和21%)要大于有氧运动组(分别为26%和9%)(P<0.01),两组安静心率和血压无显著变化(P>0.05).对照组所有指标的变化不明显.结论:有氧运动和抗阻训练均能有效降低2型糖尿病患者的血糖和HbA1c水平,但抗阻训练对运动后非空腹血糖和HbA1c水平的改善要优于有氧运动. 相似文献
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目的:探究运动防治老年肌少症的机理、效果及策略,为老年人科学运用锻炼方法提供理论参考。方法:通过文献资料法在PubMed、万方和CNKI等数据库中进行关键词检索,对近年来国内外有关老年肌少症的运动干预研究进行系统综述。结果:(1)抗阻训练、有氧运动和高强间歇运动等运动可调理体内线粒体、活性氧等分泌物的含量,促使运动神经元保持正常的兴奋状态,改善老年人的肌量、肌力和身体活动能力,可以起到一定的防治作用。(2)从中年时期开始规律性的体育锻炼有利于肌少症的防治。每周2-3次、每次30min,为期8-24周的抗阻训练或每周3次以上、每次60min左右,为期24周以上的有氧运动可能是老年肌少症运动防治的一种可行方案。(3)抗阻训练和有氧联合抗阻训练是防治老年人肌少症多种合并症的主要运动形式,其运动强度可能较健康老年人和单纯老年人肌少症患者低,建议以低中强度为宜。结论:运动锻炼对于老年肌少症的防治具有重要价值,本研究重点对当前老年肌少症的运动防治效果和机制进行了归纳梳理,并针对肌少症的防治时机及方案提供了可行性的建议。当前有关老年肌少症的运动干预研究在逐渐增多,但仍存在不足,尤其是在运动方法的选择上,比如锻炼时间、强度及频率的控制等,仍需进一步细化和明确。 相似文献
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体育运动是治疗糖尿病的重要手段,糖尿病的运动保健康复是指采用体育运动来预防、治疗糖尿病和促进健康。用运动治疗或预防糖尿病已经得到世界上许多专家的认可和推崇。本文通过对2型糖尿病的运动保健康复的作用和意义,运动方式．运动强度、运动时间．运动频率,适应症和禁忌症及其它相关注意事项进行阐述,以期对2型糖尿病的治疗和研究提供有益参考。 相似文献
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根据2010年我国相关机构最新公布的大中城市糖尿病患者调查结果显示,我国城市人口中成年人糖尿病发病率已达9.7%。由此推测中国糖尿病患者人数已达9 240万。目前,中国已成为世界第二大糖尿病人口大国,仅次于印度,其中90%是2型糖尿病。数据显示,中国每年仅用于城市糖尿病患者的医疗支出就达到187.5亿,占全国医疗总费用的3.94%。运动疗法是防治糖尿病最重要的方法之一,中等强度的有氧训练一直被用于治疗2型糖尿病,但力量训练在治疗糖尿病中的重要作用一直被忽视。本文旨在为采用力量训练治疗2型糖尿病提供理论依据和实践参考。 相似文献
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通过文献法综述了糖尿病、运动与血清视黄醇结合蛋白4（RBP4）的关系。结果表明：胰岛素抵抗是2型糖尿病发生发展的重要因素之一。RBP4作为一个脂肪细胞来源的信使，与胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病密切相关，RBP4在2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗机制中起重要作用。血清中RBP4水平的升高可能是导致高胰岛素血症的原因之一，RBP4可能影响胰岛素的敏感性。RBP4削弱骨骼肌的胰岛素信号通路是通过胰岛素受体底物的磷酸化实现的。运动手段是治疗2型糖尿病的主要方法，运动能够降低血清RBP4水平，改善胰岛素抵抗和脂代谢。 相似文献
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线粒体融合蛋白-2具有促进线粒体融合、抑制细胞增殖、保护细胞免于凋亡等多种功能。越来越多的证据表明,该基因产物与胰岛素抵抗状态有关。目前对于线粒体融合蛋白-2的研究,已成为2型糖尿病领域研究的热点,为2型糖尿病的预防和治疗提供了新的生理和药理作用靶点。综述了胰岛素抵抗发生与运动防治中的作用,旨在为2型糖尿病的治疗提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Brandon A. Baiamonte Robert R. Kraemer Chelsea N. Chabreck Matthew L. Reynolds Kayla M. McCaleb Georgia L. Shaheen 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(18):1831-1837
Previous research has demonstrated significant decreases in pain perception in healthy individuals following both aerobic and upper body resistance exercise, but research on circuit training has been limited. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of a strenuous bout of dynamic circuit resistance exercise on pain threshold and pain tolerance in conjunction with changes in blood lactate levels, heart rate (HR), and perceived exertion. A sample of 24 college-age students participated in 2 sessions: (1) a maximal strength testing session and (2) a circuit training bout of exercise that consisted of 3 sets of 12 repetitions with a 1:1 work to rest ratio at 60% one-repetition maximum (1-RM) predicted from a three-repetition maximum (3-RM) for 9 exercises. Participants exhibited increases in pain tolerance, blood lactate levels, HR and perceived exertion following resistance exercise. Preference for exercise intensity was positively correlated with lactate post exercise and tolerance for exercise intensity was positively correlated with pain tolerance and lactate post exercise. In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate increases in pain tolerance following a dynamic circuit resistance exercise protocol and disposition for exercise intensity may influence lactate and pain responses to circuit resistance exercise. 相似文献
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论力量训练与变阻力练习思路的形成 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
力量训练是各专项运动训练必备的辅助性体能训练内容。对于阻力练习与肌肉力量之间关系的研究,已取得大量成果。区分增加肌肉粗壮的练习与增强肌力的练习的界限是重要的。每组练习的重复次数决定了各种训练程序的不同特性。为了发展最大力量,需要增加强度,而不是练习的数量。变阻力训练思路的形成基于固定阻力训练中两方面的局限性。作为力量训练中的最新进展,变阻力训练思路来自于对等动训练和等张训练的比较,证明等动训练程序显然优于等张训练程序,等动训练能恰当地给特定速度的运动提供调节阻力。本文还介绍了几种提高肌肉力量的常用重力训练方法。 相似文献
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肌肉减少症又称肌少症(sarcopenia),是一种近来备受关注的老年综合征,泛指随着年龄的增长,人体出现肌量减少和肌力下降等改变。肌少症的特点是骨骼肌肌量减低并且肌肉内脂肪堆积,导致肌肉力量减低和肌肉功能下降,进而导致躯体残疾、生活质量降低,甚至死亡等。抗阻运动或称力量训练(strength training),是指肌肉主动收缩对抗阻力的一种运动形式,在通常情况下,这种运动的负荷远高于肌肉在有氧状态下的能力,具有强度大、持续时间短、力竭性等特征。肌肉是产生人体自主运动的动力源泉,而肌肉运动,特别是抗阻运动可使肌肉产生很多生理生化的变化。文章回顾了近年来不同学者和临床工作者针对抗阻运动改善肌肉减少症的数据,论述了抗阻运动防治肌肉减少症的机理,强调了抗阻运动和有针对性的营养调理对肌肉减少症的有效改善,对未来肌少症的治疗研究提供更清晰的方向。 相似文献
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James H. Cauraugh 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):121-122
Abstract Twelve subjects were used to determine the effect of isotonic and isometric exercises on heart rate using a military press in a sitting position. The isotonic exercise was performed for 45 sec. with one half of maximum resistance, and the isometric exercises were performed for 45 sec, with one half, two thirds, and maximum resistance. The results indicated that isometric exercise performed for 45 sec. with one half of maximum resistance could stimulate heart rate to the same extent that isotonic exercise could, using the same intensity and duration. The results also showed that increasing the load in isometric contraction resulted in a proportional increase in heart rate and that increasing the load to maximum isometric contraction resulted in a near twofold increase in heart rate. 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(5):394-404
Dementia is one of the greatest global challenges for health and social care in the 21st century. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is by no means an inevitable consequence of growing old. Several lifestyle factors may increase, or reduce, an individual's risk of developing AD. Much has been written over the ages about the benefits of exercise and physical activity. Among the risk factors associated with AD is a low level of physical activity. The relationship between physical and mental health was established several years ago. In this review, we discuss the role of exercise (aerobic and resistance) training as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment and prevention of AD. Older adults who exercise are more likely to maintain cognition. We address the main protective mechanism on brain function modulated by physical exercise by examining both human and animal studies. We will pay especial attention to the potential role of exercise in the modulation of amyloid β turnover, inflammation, synthesis and release of neurotrophins, and improvements in cerebral blood flow. Promoting changes in lifestyle in presymptomatic and predementia disease stages may have the potential for delaying one-third of dementias worldwide. Multimodal interventions that include the adoption of an active lifestyle should be recommended for older populations. 相似文献
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近年来,以胰岛素抵抗和瘦素抵抗为主要特征的肥胖和二型糖尿病患病率不断上升。对瘦素受体后AMPK-ACC信号转导通路的研究表明,信号转导通路障碍是引发肥胖和二型糖尿病的重要原因。生理状态下,脂肪组织分泌瘦素,在与其受体结合后,通过活化细胞中的AMPK,使乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)失活,脂肪酸合成减少;同时活化丙二酸单酰辅酶A脱羧酶(MCD),导致丙二酸单酰辅酶A(MA)浓度下降,进而导致脂肪酸氧化速率增加,起到减少脂肪储备、减轻体重的作用。胰岛素抵抗状态下,AMPK磷酸化水平降低,ACC活性增强,脂肪酸合成增加、氧化速率下降。运动是改善胰岛素抵抗的重要手段,该文介绍生理状态及胰岛素抵抗状态下瘦素受体后AMPK-ACC信号转导通路各蛋白级联作用以及运动对各蛋白变化趋势的影响。 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(4):392-399
Abstract The efficacy of caffeine ingestion in enhancing aerobic performance is well established. However, despite suggestions that caffeine may enhance resistance exercise performance, research is equivocal on the effect of acute caffeine ingestion on resistance exercise performance. It has also been suggested that dampened perception of perceived exertion and pain perception might be an explanation for any possible enhancement of resistance exercise performance due to caffeine ingestion. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the acute effect of caffeine ingestion on repetitions to failure, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and muscle pain perception during resistance exercise to failure. Eleven resistance trained individuals (9 males, 2 females, mean age±SD=26.4±6.4 years), took part in this double-blind, randomised cross-over experimental study whereby they ingested a caffeinated (5 mg kg?1) or placebo solution 60 minutes before completing a bout of resistance exercise. Experimental conditions were separated by at least 48 hours. Resistance exercise sessions consisted of bench press, deadlift, prone row and back squat exercise to failure at an intensity of 60% 1 repetition maximum. Results indicated that participants completed significantly greater repetitions to failure, irrespective of exercise, in the presence of caffeine (p=0.0001). Mean±S.D of repetitions to failure was 19.6±3.7 and 18.5±4.1 in caffeine and placebo conditions, respectively. There were no differences in peak heart rate or peak blood lactate values across conditions (both p >0.05). RPE was significantly lower in the caffeine compared to the placebo condition (p=0.03) and was significantly higher during lower body exercises compared to upper body exercises irrespective of substance ingested (p=0.0001). For muscle pain perception, a significant condition by exercise interaction (p=0.027) revealed that muscle pain perception was lower in the caffeine condition, irrespective of exercise. With caffeine, pain perception was significantly higher in the deadlift and back squat compared to the bench press. However, with placebo, pain perception was significantly higher for the deadlift and back squat compared to the prone row only. Therefore, acute caffeine ingestion not only enhances resistance exercise performance to failure but also reduces perception of exertion and muscle pain. 相似文献
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目的：探讨运动对中年糖耐量减低患者胰岛素抵抗、游离脂肪酸的影响。方法：将61名糖耐量减低患者随机分为健步走组20例、健步走＋抗阻力运动组20例、对照组21例，两运动组进行24周运动处方的锻炼，并与对照组对比。结果：两运动组24周运动干预前后胰岛素抵抗指数和血游离脂肪酸的差异具有显著性；与健步走组相比，健步走＋抗阻力运动组游离脂肪酸降低的幅度较明显。结论：对中年IGT患者进行运动干预可提高胰岛素敏感性，降低游离脂肪酸水平，且健步走＋抗阻力运动对游离脂肪酸降低的效果较健步走的大。 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to examine oxygen consumption (VO(2)) during and after a single bout of low-intensity resistance exercise with slow movement. Eleven healthy men performed the following three types of circuit resistance exercise on separate days: (1) low-intensity resistance exercise with slow movement: 50% of one-repetition maximum (1-RM) and 4 s each of lifting and lowering phases; (2) high-intensity resistance exercise with normal movement: 80% of 1-RM and 1 s each of lifting and lowering phases; and (3) low-intensity resistance exercise with normal movement: 50% of 1-RM and 1 s each of lifting and lowering phases. These three resistance exercise trials were performed for three sets in a circuit pattern with four exercises, and the participants performed each set until exhaustion. Oxygen consumption was monitored continuously during exercise and for 180 min after exercise. Average VO(2) throughout the exercise session was significantly higher with high- and low-intensity resistance exercise with normal movement than with low-intensity resistance exercise with slow movement (P < 0.05); however, total VO(2) was significantly greater in low-intensity resistance exercise with slow movement than in the other trials. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the total excess post-exercise oxygen consumption among the three exercise trials. The results of this study suggest that low-intensity resistance exercise with slow movement induces much greater energy expenditure than resistance exercise with normal movement of high or low intensity, and is followed by the same total excess post-exercise oxygen consumption for 180 min after exercise. 相似文献