共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
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采用运动学和动力学相结合的生物力学研究方法对跳高运动员下肢肌的承受能力进行研究,得出如下主要结论:①跳深纵跳练习可以作为提高跳高运动员起跳能力的专项练习;②跳高运动员起跳腿的承受能力直接影响缓冲和蹬伸过程,并最终影响起跳效果;③膝关节和踝关节,尤其是踝关节是二级跳高运动员下肢承受能力的薄弱环节。同时膝关节是最大缓冲时刻的“关键性环节”;④二级跳高运动员产生最大反跳高度的适宜高度为(35.0±4.56)cm,最大反跳高度为(48.00±3.78)cm;⑤适宜高度跳深的冲击载荷与摸高成绩、适宜高度跳深纵跳的反跳高度与助跑摸高成绩均呈高度相关,两者均是评价运动员起跳能力的重要指标。 相似文献
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不同专项运动员骨骼肌弹性能利用率的比较 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
对24名专业队田径运动员、30名业余体校田径运动员、12名专业队举重运动员和30名中学生进行了反向跳和不同高度的下落跳测试，比较弹性能利用率。结果表明，弹性能利用率存在性别差异，男性受试者弹性能利用率高于女性；弹性能利用率存在专项差异，男子跳高运动员的弹性能利用率高于男子中长跑运动员，女子举重运动员的弹性能利用率高于女子跳跃和短跑运动员。女子跳远、女子跳高运动员的弹性能利用率与身体素质水平和专项成绩呈显著性的相关。 相似文献
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近年来,在少年举重比赛中,不少举重运动员专项力量水平较高,而专项成绩却不理想。通过调查研究发现,对专项成绩技术动作训练重视程度不够是导致专项成绩不高的主要原因。通过对比观察法,对两组不同级别少年举重运动员进行举重训练,发现重视少年举重运动员技术动作训练是可以提高专项成绩水平的。 相似文献
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目的：通过对比跳高运动员足弓刚度对单腿纵跳成绩的影响,为跳高运动员选材及专项训练提供理论依据。方法：招募15名男性国家二级跳高运动员,对受试者足部形态进行红外光学扫描,采用红外运动捕捉系统和测力台同步采集受试者纵跳动作的下肢运动学和动力学数据。结果：在纵跳表现中,足弓刚度与地面反作用力峰值间存在线性关系,高刚度足弓受试者的峰值vGRF显著大于低刚度足弓的受试者(P<0.05),高刚度足弓组冲击加载率为15.2BW/s±1.8BW/s,低刚度足弓组地面反作用力加载率为12.3BW/s±0.9BW/s,且存在显著差异(P<0.05)。同时,高刚度足弓组的峰值vGRF时刻踝屈角度(21.24°±4.4°)显著性高于低刚度足弓组的峰值vGRF时刻踝屈角度(24.43°±3.6°),P<0.05。结论：在优秀跳高运动员中,足弓刚度与纵跳过程中的踝膝关节屈伸角度、地面反作用力及加载率有显著影响,且与地面反作用力峰值间存在显著正向线性关系。因此,在跳跃类项目我们应该关注运动员足底肌肉力量训练。在描述跳跃过程中的足部及其生物力学特征时,使用静态足部分类值得纳入考量。 相似文献
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目的：通过对中外优秀男子三级跳远运动员的跳远技术与成绩进行分析,以期能为我国的教练员和运动员提供参考。方法：运用文献资料和灰色关联分析法,对世界优秀男子三级跳远运动员的三跳各跳远度与专项成绩进行综合分析。得出世界优秀男子三级跳远运动员的三跳各跳远度与专项成绩的关联度,并进行排序,分析各跳对专项成绩的影响程度。研究结果表明：第3跳远度是影响三级跳远成绩的最重要的因素,其次是第1跳,最后是第2跳;发现我国运动员在三跳比例、速度利用率多方面都与国外运动员有着一定的差距。建议：我国运动员在三跳中应充分利用水平速度,并获得较好的垂直速度,将速度利用率能力作为突破口,调整好三跳比例。 相似文献
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姜晓天 《沈阳体育学院学报》2005,24(2):65-67
采用运动学和动力学同步实验等研究方法,对30名男子跳高运动员的"超等长"收缩能力进行生物力学研究,针对影响跳高运动员起跳效果的退让性工作能力、蹬伸能力进行不同级别运动员的对比分析,为跳高运动员的专项力量训练提供理论依据. 相似文献
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Haines TL McBride JM Triplett NT Skinner JW Fairbrother KR Kirby TJ 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(13):1435-1442
The purpose of this investigation was to compare valgus/varus knee angles during various jumps and lower body strength between males and females relative to body mass. Seventeen recreationally active females (age: 21.94 ± 2.59 years; height: 1.67 ± 0.05 m; mass: 64.42 ± 8.39 kg; percent body fat: 26.89 ± 6.26%; squat one-repetition maximum: 66.18 ± 19.47 kg; squat to body mass ratio: 1.03 ± 0.28) and 13 recreationally active males (age: 21.69 ± 1.65 years; height: 1.77 ± 0.07 m; mass: 72.39 ± 9.23 kg; percent body fat: 13.15 ± 5.18%; squat one-repetition maximum: 115.77 ± 30.40 kg; squat to body mass ratio: 1.59 ± 0.31) performed a one-repetition maximum in the squat and three of each of the following jumps: countermovement jump, 30 cm drop jump, 45 cm drop jump, and 60 cm drop jump. Knee angles were analysed using videography and body composition was analysed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to allow for squat to body mass ratio and squat to fat free mass ratio to be calculated. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were found between male and female one-repetition maximum, male and female squat to body mass ratio, and male and female squat to fat free mass ratio. Significant differences were found between male and female varus/valgus knee positions during maximum flexion of the right and left leg in the countermovement jump, drop jump from 30 cm, drop jump from 45 cm, and drop jump from 60 cm. Correlations between varus/valgus knee angles and squat to body mass ratio for all jumps displayed moderate, non-significant relationships (countermovement jump: r = 0.445; drop jump from 30 cm: r = 0.448; drop jump from 45 cm: r = 0.449; drop jump from 60 cm: r = 0.439). In conclusion, males and females have significantly different lower body strength and varus/valgus knee position when landing from jumps. 相似文献
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运用Vicon运动影像捕捉分析系统,对运动训练专业二级运动员原地纵跳、半蹲跳及不同高度下落跳深动作进行采集与三维重构,运用V3D系统完成身体质心位置坐标计算。依据肌肉收缩理论,借鉴前人对肌肉弹性能利用的计算方法,对受试者不同高度下落跳深的弹性能利用率进行测试分析。结果表明:一般水平的运动员跳深练习中肌肉弹性能利用率,随着下落高度的增加,表现出"增大—峰值—下降"的单峰波特征,最大利用率大约出现在40 cm的下落高度;原地纵跳练习的肌肉弹性能利用率与跳深练习的最大利用率相接近;仅就肌肉弹性能的利用方面,原地纵跳是一种较好的训练方法。 相似文献
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The jump performance of ten youth soccer players (mean age 15.8 years, s= 0.4) was assessed before and after 42 min of soccer-specific exercise performed on a non-motorized treadmill. A squat, countermovement, and drop jump were performed on a force platform and simultaneously surface EMG activity of four lower limb muscles was collected. Jump height deteriorated across all conditions with mean reductions of - 1.4 cm (s = 1.6; P < 0.05), - 3.0 cm (s = 2.9; P < 0.05), and -2.3 cm (s = 1.7; P < 0.01) in the squat, countermovement, and drop jump respectively. The impact force in the drop jump was the only force variable to show a significant change with fatigue (P < 0.05). Following the prolonged exercise, reductions in total muscle activity were non-significant for the squat jump, approached significance for the counter-ovement jump (P = 0.07), and achieved significance for the drop jump (P < 0.05). The results showed that completing soccer-specific exercise reduced performance in all jump tasks. Reductions in muscle activity were greatest for the drop jump, suggesting an influence of muscle stretch and loading on reduced muscle activity when fatigued. 相似文献
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Shannon O’Donnell Francisco Tavares Daniel McMaster Samuel Chambers Matthew Driller 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2018,22(1):101-107
The current study aimed to assess the validity and test–retest reliability of a linear position transducer when compared to a force plate through a counter-movement jump in female participants. Twenty-seven female recreational athletes (19 ± 2 years) performed three counter-movement jumps simultaneously using the linear position transducer and force plate for validity. In addition, 11 elite female athletes (23 ± 6 years) performed 3 counter-movement jumps with the linear position transducer on three separate days for test–retest reliability. Pearson correlations for jump height between the devices were at a high level (r = .90), with the linear position transducer overestimating jump height by 7.0 ± 2.8 cm. The reliability measured by the linear position transducer resulted in a mean intraclass correlation of .70 for jump height, .90 for peak velocity, and .91 for mean velocity. The linear position transducer was reliable for measuring counter-movement jumps in elite female athletes; however, caution should be taken for one-off jump measures as it may over-estimate jump height. 相似文献
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Stuart McErlain-Naylor Mark King Matthew Thomas Gerard Pain 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(19):1805-1812
AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the contributions of kinetic and kinematic parameters to inter-individual variation in countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Two-dimensional kinematic data and ground reaction forces during a CMJ were recorded for 18 males of varying jumping experience. Ten kinetic and eight kinematic parameters were determined for each performance, describing peak lower-limb joint torques and powers, concentric knee extension rate of torque development and CMJ technique. Participants also completed a series of isometric knee extensions to measure the rate of torque development and peak torque. CMJ height ranged from 0.38 to 0.73 m (mean 0.55 ± 0.09 m). CMJ peak knee power, peak ankle power and take-off shoulder angle explained 74% of this observed variation. CMJ kinematic (58%) and CMJ kinetic (57%) parameters explained a much larger proportion of the jump height variation than the isometric parameters (18%), suggesting that coachable technique factors and the joint kinetics during the jump are important determinants of CMJ performance. Technique, specifically greater ankle plantar-flexion and shoulder flexion at take-off (together explaining 58% of the CMJ height variation), likely influences the extent to which maximal muscle capabilities can be utilised during the jump. 相似文献
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Martin Keller Benedikt Lauber Marius Gottschalk Wolfgang Taube 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(10):1067-1075
Factors such as an external focus of attention (EF) and augmented feedback (AF) have been shown to improve performance. However, the efficacy of providing AF to enhance motor performance has never been compared with the effects of an EF or an internal focus of attention (IF). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify which of the three conditions (AF, EF or IF) leads to the highest performance in a countermovement jump (CMJ). Nineteen volunteers performed 12 series of 8 maximum CMJs. Changes in jump height between conditions and within the series were analysed. Jump heights differed between conditions (P < 0.001), resulting in best performance with AF (32.04 ± 7.11 cm), followed by EF (31.21 ± 6.67 cm) and IF (30.77 ± 6.87 cm). Significantly different (P < 0.001) within-series effects of higher jump heights at the end of the series in AF (+1.60%) and lower jump heights at the end of the series in EF (?1.79%) and IF (?1.68%) were observed. Muscle activity did not differ between conditions. The differences between conditions and within the series provide evidence that AF leads to higher performance and better progression within one series than EF and IF. Consequently, AF seems to outperform EF and IF when maximising jump height. 相似文献
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不同的空中姿态对摸高成绩的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用一维重心板对两名体育系大学生进行了四种不同姿态重心位置的测试，结合人体重心上抛运动规律，对不同空中姿态下的摸高成绩影响幅度进行了测算，结果表明，空中姿态对摸高成绩有影响；摸高成绩以直腿单手上举为最高，而以屈双腿双手上举为最底，两的差值在30cm左右。姿态对摸高的影响幅度占摸高成绩的10％左右：在影响幅度上，下肢姿态比上肢更重要；男子与女子间表现出无明显的差异。 相似文献
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目的：探讨女青少年运动员生长发育与15S无氧功特点及其相关关系．对象和方法：以650名上海市10-18岁女运动员为对象,分别测试身高、体重、体脂率、肌肉量、瘦体重和立定跳远．并采集15S无氧功率自行车的最大功率、平均功率、最大转速、最大转速出现时间等指标,分析其特点及相关性、结果：上海市女青少年运动员身高及体重在10-13岁、最大和平均功率在㈤～15岁增长最快,15岁后趋于稳定,瘦体重、体重和肌肉与功率的相关性依次降低、结论：对女青少年运动员速度力量的训练要在15岁之前,评价女青少年运动员磷酸原代谢能力时最好使用瘦体重相对功率。 相似文献