共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
对短跑运动员身体素质训练的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用文献资料法、特征解析法、访谈法和定基比增长数计算等研究方法，对短跑项目世界优秀运动员的身体素质训练结构进行研究。研究揭示，速度素质的增长具有“早熟”特征，其训练结构体现出以提高最大速度为核心，以最大负荷强度和较少负荷量的短距离跑练习为主要手段等特征。力量素质的增长呈现出“两头慢、中间快”的发展特征，其训练手段主要是由单腿或双腿的连续跳跃、跨步跑（跳）、高抬腿跑和多次数的深蹲或半蹲练习构成，而专项耐力的训练方法则主要是由长翼项距离和比赛距离的重复跑和间歇跑等要素构成。 相似文献
2.
中小学生所需要的主要身体素质为速度、力量、弹跳、柔韧、灵敏协调等。但在这些素质中发展速度素质的难度最大，并且速度素质对各个运动项目成绩的影响也比较大。因此，俗话说“速度是各项运动的灵魂”不无道理。所以，我们的身体训练应在全面发展的基础上，重点发展速度素质。不断促进各项素质的协调发展，为将来创造优异成绩打下牢固的基础。现将青少年跳远运动员一般常用的主要速度素质的训练手段及其注意事项归纳如下：一、发展速度素质的手段（1）跑的专门性练习。小步跑、高抬腿跑、后蹬跑、车轮跑等。可采用原地或行进的方式。（2）… 相似文献
3.
4.
正多年来,在短跑教学中都习惯采用小步跑、高抬腿跑、后蹬跑和车轮跑等专门练习,来改进和完善跑的技术,发展速度素质。几乎所有的教师都要求学生,在每次课的准备部分做这些练习。在现实中看到,尽管天天重复,却不能发挥其在速度训练中的特殊作用,达不到预期的效果。笔者根据多年教学体会,中小学生做跑的专门练习应该特别注意跑的技术、跑的距离、放松能力以及练习特点等几个方面。 相似文献
5.
1、研究对象与方法(1)研究对象:世界优秀投掷和跳跃运动员共80名,其中男子40名,女子40名。(2)研究方法:特征解析法、访谈法、数理统计法。2、结果与分析(1)田径速度力量性项群的身体素质训练结构特征田径速度力量性项群在以提高专项速度素质作为训练重点时,通常是采用系统的方法与以下训练内容进行组合训练:1)与关键素质—力量素质进行组合时,对主要训练手段进行优化;将速度、速度力量练习与绝对力量练习相结合;突出力量练习与技术、速度练习的结合与转化。2)与专项技术进行组合练习时,采用摄像设备和技术手段帮助运动员更好地理解人体或器… 相似文献
6.
四百米跑的特殊性决定了该项目训练的特殊性。采用全面的循环练习即发展运动速度、奔跑速度、灵敏性、速度——力量素质、专项耐力及短距离比赛速度、力量总耐力的综合性练习是训练径赛运动员的基本方法。所有重复跑及其各种不同形式,诸如距离为30—60米,500—600米或1000米内的变速跑和间歇跑,不同持续时间(20,40～60分钟) 相似文献
7.
速度训练的目的首先是为了提高运动员的速度技术综合水平,其次为了运动员的身体素质及专项训练打基础。而速度训练效果的好坏,水平的高低,是由众多因素决定和制约的,任何一个因素的不足,都会影响整个速度训练水平。一、时间因素在发展速度时,必须用“快跑”的方法进行训练,“快跑”的要求是强度要接近或达到最大,距离要短在80米以内,每次跑所用的时间不超过8秒。其次合理控制练习的间歇时间,在练习时一般间歇时间为3分钟,当运动员的脉搏恢复到120次/分钟左右时,再进行下一次练习。如果间歇时间过短,运动员恢复不过来。间歇时间过长,则达不到… 相似文献
8.
9.
<正> 儿童少年跳跃运动员所需的主要身体素质为速度、力量、弹跳三个方面。应在全面发展的基础上重点发展这三个方面素质的同时,不断促进各项素质的协调发展,才能为将来创造优异成绩打下牢固的基础。现将儿童少年跳跃运动员一般常用的,行之有效的主要身体训练手段归纳如下。 1.发展速度素质的主要手段①跑的专门性练习。快速小步跑、高抬腿跑、后蹬跑、车轮跑等。 相似文献
10.
跨栏跑是带障碍的短跑,包括直道栏与弯道栏。其主要运动素质是速率、快速力量和髋关节的力量、灵活性。技术上要求高度协调并有良好的节奏感。由此可见,快速与协调是跨栏跑取得较好成绩的关键。本文结合自己的训练实践,就如何提高直道栏运动员快速协调能力的练习方法简介如下： 练习 1：跑进中“高重心、快频率”模仿跨栏节奏跑。目的：体会跨栏跑中,肌肉用力与放松的全过程。 练习 2：跨越正常栏间距离,栏间步为三步,标出栏架位置,但不摆放栏架。目的：缩短跨栏步时间、减少支撑时间,加快过栏速度,发展速度素质,培养节奏… 相似文献
11.
Eccentric strength training is thought to be important for improving functional performance. A form of training that may enhance the eccentric training stimulus is the attachment of a rubber bungy to the strength-training apparatus in such a way that the return velocity and, therefore, the force required to decelerate the load at the end of the eccentric phase are increased. To determine the effects of elastic bungy training, we performed two studies. In the first, we examined the electromyographic (EMG) and kinematic characteristics of three different squat techniques: traditional squat, non-bungy jump squat and bungy jump squat. In the second study, we examined whether jump squat training with and without the attachment of a rubber bungy to an isoinertial supine squat machine affects muscle function, multidirectional agility, lunge ability and single leg jump performance. The EMG activity of the vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius muscles was recorded. An instrumented isoinertial supine squat machine was used to measure maximal strength and various force, velocity and power measures in both studies. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a control group and two weight-trained groups, one of which performed bungy squat jumps and one of which performed non-bungy squat jumps. The two experimental groups performed 10 weeks of ballistic weight training. The kinematic and EMG characteristics of the bungy and non-bungy squat techniques differed significantly from those of the traditional squat on all the variables measured. The only difference between the bungy squat and non-bungy squat training was greater EMG activity during the later stages (70-100%) of the eccentric phase of the bungy squat condition. The 10 weeks of bungy squat and non-bungy squat jump weight training were found to be equally effective in producing improvements in a variety of concentric strength and power measures (10.6-19.8%). These improvements did not transfer to improved performance for the single leg jump and multidirectional agility. However, bungy weight training did lead to a significant improvement in lunge performance (21.5%) compared with the other groups. 相似文献
12.
Mikkola J Vesterinen V Taipale R Capostagno B Häkkinen K Nummela A 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(13):1359-1371
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of heavy resistance, explosive resistance, and muscle endurance training on neuromuscular, endurance, and high-intensity running performance in recreational endurance runners. Twenty-seven male runners were divided into one of three groups: heavy resistance, explosive resistance or muscle endurance training. After 6 weeks of preparatory training, the groups underwent an 8-week resistance training programme as a supplement to endurance training. Before and after the 8-week training period, maximal strength (one-repetition maximum), electromyographic activity of the leg extensors, countermovement jump height, maximal speed in the maximal anaerobic running test, maximal endurance performance, maximal oxygen uptake ([V·]O(?max)), and running economy were assessed. Maximal strength improved in the heavy (P = 0.034, effect size ES = 0.38) and explosive resistance training groups (P = 0.003, ES = 0.67) with increases in leg muscle activation (heavy: P = 0.032, ES = 0.38; explosive: P = 0.002, ES = 0.77). Only the heavy resistance training group improved maximal running speed in the maximal anaerobic running test (P = 0.012, ES = 0.52) and jump height (P = 0.006, ES = 0.59). Maximal endurance running performance was improved in all groups (heavy: P = 0.005, ES = 0.56; explosive: P = 0.034, ES = 0.39; muscle endurance: P = 0.001, ES = 0.94), with small though not statistically significant improvements in [V·]O(?max) (heavy: ES = 0.08; explosive: ES = 0.29; muscle endurance: ES = 0.65) and running economy (ES in all groups < 0.08). All three modes of strength training used concurrently with endurance training were effective in improving treadmill running endurance performance. However, both heavy and explosive strength training were beneficial in improving neuromuscular characteristics, and heavy resistance training in particular contributed to improvements in high-intensity running characteristics. Thus, endurance runners should include heavy resistance training in their training programmes to enhance endurance performance, such as improving sprinting ability at the end of a race. 相似文献
13.
14.
田径速度力量性项目运动员身体素质与技术训练结构特征的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用文献资料、特征解析、访谈和数理统计等研究方法,对田径速度力量性项目运动员的身体素质与技术训练结构特征进行研究.研究揭示,田径速度力量性项目运动员的身体素质训练更加重视训练效应的整体性,而且在整个训练计划的设计和实施过程中都非常重视负荷量、负荷强度和间歇时间的搭配与调整.在一次训练课的结构组合方面更加重视将技术训练与身体训练结合起来,而在身体素质和技术训练内容的选择方面则更加侧重专项化.尤其是在技术训练的控制方面表现出高度的可控性、心理指向性和实效性,而在身体素质与技术的组合训练控制方面则突出表现为高强度性. 相似文献
15.
短跑途中跑支撑摆动技术生物力学机制研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
研究目的:深入认识短跑途中跑支撑摆动动作系统中各环节协同的关系,完善短跑技术和专项力量训练理论。研究方法:采用生物力学测试、系统分析和数理统计等方法。结论:优秀运动员支撑摆动技术的主要运动学趋势,是支撑腿和摆动腿的髋角、膝角和踝角在支撑过程中均较小,两大腿的剪绞速度更快、幅度更大;短跑技术的本质特征是两大腿以髋为轴的剪绞—制动;积极着地是合理的短跑技术的基础;途中跑中前支撑段的技术效果是提高和保持最高跑速的主要影响因素;跑的主要动力是体后支撑阶段与人体运动方向相同的支撑反作用力的水平分力;两大腿的剪绞—制动力量和支撑腿膝、踝关节的低位趋等长力量,是短跑专项力量的核心。 相似文献
16.
主要对体育学院普修通用教材《田径》一书中的短跑途中跑支撑技术部分内容提出质疑。认为脚着地后,踝、膝、髋关节不应主动弯曲,做退让工作,而应主动支撑。并以这一动作环节为契机,探讨了跑的原理和现代跑的技术特点所形成的原因。认为支撑效果在短跑中仍起决定性作用。缩小腾空移动距离,相对增加支撑距离,是提高速度的根本所在。其中身体中轴肌群发力,摆动腿积极下压,小腿积极后扒一次完成整个支撑动作是跑的动作结构 相似文献
17.
Jussi Mikkola Ville Vesterinen Ritva Taipale Benoit Capostagno Keijo Häkkinen Ari Nummela 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(13):1359-1371
Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of heavy resistance, explosive resistance, and muscle endurance training on neuromuscular, endurance, and high-intensity running performance in recreational endurance runners. Twenty-seven male runners were divided into one of three groups: heavy resistance, explosive resistance or muscle endurance training. After 6 weeks of preparatory training, the groups underwent an 8-week resistance training programme as a supplement to endurance training. Before and after the 8-week training period, maximal strength (one-repetition maximum), electromyographic activity of the leg extensors, countermovement jump height, maximal speed in the maximal anaerobic running test, maximal endurance performance, maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O2max), and running economy were assessed. Maximal strength improved in the heavy (P = 0.034, effect size ES = 0.38) and explosive resistance training groups (P = 0.003, ES = 0.67) with increases in leg muscle activation (heavy: P = 0.032, ES = 0.38; explosive: P = 0.002, ES = 0.77). Only the heavy resistance training group improved maximal running speed in the maximal anaerobic running test (P = 0.012, ES = 0.52) and jump height (P = 0.006, ES = 0.59). Maximal endurance running performance was improved in all groups (heavy: P = 0.005, ES = 0.56; explosive: P = 0.034, ES = 0.39; muscle endurance: P = 0.001, ES = 0.94), with small though not statistically significant improvements in [Vdot]O2max (heavy: ES = 0.08; explosive: ES = 0.29; muscle endurance: ES = 0.65) and running economy (ES in all groups < 0.08). All three modes of strength training used concurrently with endurance training were effective in improving treadmill running endurance performance. However, both heavy and explosive strength training were beneficial in improving neuromuscular characteristics, and heavy resistance training in particular contributed to improvements in high-intensity running characteristics. Thus, endurance runners should include heavy resistance training in their training programmes to enhance endurance performance, such as improving sprinting ability at the end of a race. 相似文献
18.
Field tests of speed and endurance may be used to evaluate the probability of success and to create efficient training strategies for sports. Currently, both invasive and non-invasive methods are used for this purpose. While invasive methods cause some discomfort to subjects, non-invasive methods may employ practices associated with the sport itself. One such method employs the linear relationship between exercise intensity or running speed and distance covered running at that speed represented on a semi-logarithmic scale. The separation of endurance runners into three different groups can be confirmed by different values for the slope coefficient (b) of this linear relation. According to findings among top Czechoslovak endurance runners, supplemented by the data of other authors, the values of coefficient b in middle-distance runners are in the range -2.166 to -1.700, in long-distance runners -1.520 to -1.050 and in marathon runners -0.836 to -0.436. Similarly, a separation of young endurance runners into groups of middle-distance and long-distance runners must be within the range -2.158 to -1.800 and for young long-distance runners -1.700 to -1.300. Based on these findings, the optimum competitive distance for adult athletes can be established in relation to current training status. In young athletes, it is possible to select gifted runners with predispositions for middle-distance and long-distance running. For both groups of athletes, more efficient training methods can be selected to optimize their predispositions for maximal performance. 相似文献
19.
优秀女子跳远运动员关英楠的技术潜力分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过文献资料等方法,将关英楠的跳远技术和专项素质与国外选手进行了比较分析,发现其动态的最大力量弱,最后10m的分段速度减速明显,起跳时垂直分速度占腾起初速度的份额大,成绩损失严重。这一系既是她的不足,也是她的潜力。只要今后加强针对性训练,对提高成绩无疑有很大的帮助。 相似文献
20.
田径组合项群世界优秀运动员多年训练负荷控制特征的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
运用文献资料、特征解析和环比计算等研究方法,对田径组合项群世界优秀运动员多年训练负荷控制特征进行研究。研究揭示,随着训练阶段的深化和竞技能力的提高,一般身体素质训练比重呈递减趋势,专项身体素质训练比重呈平缓递增趋势,技术训练比重呈大幅度上升趋势。从基础训练阶段至初级专项训练阶段,最大速度训练的环比增长系数趋于递增,但进入专项提高阶段以后,速度训练负荷量的环比增长系数却呈递减趋势,虽然速度耐力和一般耐力练习的总量在绝对值上要高于最大速度,但负荷强度却远远低于最大速度,反映出速度耐力和一般耐力训练对提高组合项群运动员的竞技能力具有一定的局限性。 相似文献