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奥运各项目群体等级区域竞技格局的演变 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以项目群体为单位,分析第24~28届奥运会各参赛国各项目成绩,研究各项目群体竞技实力的等级区域构造及其动态变化情况,结果表明,欧洲是构成各项目群体优势区域的重要组成成分,亚洲在制胜类、得分类、评分类项目群体优势区域中占有一席之地,而各项目群体弱势区域的构成是以大洋洲和非洲为主导,各项目群体的优势和弱势区域的漂移主要源自北美洲和南美洲。另外,测量类和评分类项目群体等级区域构造较为稳定,得分类等级区域漂移时有发生。 相似文献
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奥运会区域竞技格局的动态演变研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文以各区域各项目群体为研究单位,通过对24-28届夏季奥运会上各参赛国各项目成绩统计分析,研究各区域竞技格局的动态演变情况,结果表明,奥运强势板块由欧洲、亚洲和北美洲构成,弱势板块由大洋洲、南美洲和非洲构成,强势板块中,欧洲奥运竞技格局较为稳定,各项目群体竞技实力的时间变化情况不大,亚洲和北美洲男子体现优势项群的稳定性,而女子优势项群呈现出多极化趋势;弱势板块中,南美洲和非洲奥运会竞技项目比较单一,且大多表现出竞技的非连续性,女子为甚. 相似文献
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运用数理统计法对第25-29届奥运会各大洲竞争格局演变进行分析。当今世界竞技体坛呈现出由欧洲、亚洲和北美洲构成的强势集团和由大洋洲、南美洲和非洲构成的弱势集团多极化发展的格局;在强势板块中,欧洲竞技实力较为稳定,亚洲竞技实力稳步上升,亚洲和北美洲男子竞技项目的稳定性优于女子;在弱势板块中,南美洲与非洲竞技项目较单一,呈非连续性特征,其中以女子项目尤为突出。 相似文献
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以各区域游泳项目竞技能力为研究单位,通过对2009年世界游泳锦标赛上各参赛国各项目成绩统计分析,研究各区域竞技格局分布情况。结果表明,世界游泳强势板块由欧洲和北美洲构成,弱势板块由亚洲、大洋洲、南美洲和非洲构成,强势板块中,欧洲游泳竞技格局处于垄断地位,弱势板块中,非洲竞技项目比较单一发展不合理。 相似文献
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以项目群体为研究单位,分析第28届奥运会各参赛国各项目成绩,划分项目群体等级,研究各等级群体竞技实力的地理分布情况.结果表明:亚洲在得分类、评分类和制胜类项目群体的一级区域中,占有较为重要的战略地位;欧洲在测量类、命中类、评分类项目群体的一级区域中,有着较为强悍的整体实力;中国在得分类、无防型命中类和评分类项目群体上竞技实力较为强盛,且女子强于男子. 相似文献
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通过对世界田径锦标赛12届的金牌数及金牌归属区域的统计分析,研究各区域金牌归属的动态变化情况。研究发现,金牌强势区域为欧洲、北美洲,较强区域为非洲,弱势区域由亚洲、大洋洲和南美洲构成;强势区域中,欧洲各项目发展较均衡,整体竞技实力随时间推移呈下降趋势;北美洲主要以速度性项目为主,且具有强大的竞技实力。较强区域和弱势区域中,非洲竞技项目比较单一,其优势项目呈连续、稳定性发展,男、女项目发展较平衡,亚洲和大洋洲没有形成连续的项目,且发展态势波动较大。 相似文献
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黄文宾 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(6):14-18
本文以各项目群体为研究单位,通过对28届奥运会上各参赛国各项目成绩统计分析,研究各项目群体的国际竞技格局,结果表明,欧洲男女在各项目群体绝对竞技实力的国际竞技格局中,均有着较为显赫的竞技地位;亚洲在得分类、制胜类和无防型命中类项目群体的国际竞技格局中,处于较为重要的战略地位;另外,北美洲和大洋洲在某些项目群体的国际竞技格局中,存在着绝对和相对竞技实力地位的反差;亚洲在某些项目群体上存在着性别发展的“非衡”性。 相似文献
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第28届奥运会的区域竞技格局 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
通过对第28届奥运会上各参赛国各项目成绩统计分析,研究各区域竞技格局特色,结果表明,除南美洲外,测量类项目群体在其它各大洲的绝对竞技实力竞技格局中占据了较为重要的战略地位,制胜类项目群体在亚洲、北美洲和欧洲竞技上占有较大的竞技空间;而在相对竞技实力的竞技格局中,亚洲评分类项目群体占有最为重要的战略地位,南美洲以设防型命中类项目群体占有最为重要的战略地位. 相似文献
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第24～27届奥运会我国各等级项目群体竞技实力渗透现象分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
运用文献资料和数理统计的方法 ,对第 2 4～ 2 7届奥运会上 ,其他各国在我国各等级项目群体上的渗透情况进行全面分析研究。结果表明 ,我国比较优势项目较为单一 ,一直以来是在相对狭小的空间内谋求发展 ,在该类项目群体上 ,俄罗斯对我国所造成的威胁最大 ;在我国比较潜优势项目群体上 ,俄罗斯与美国保持着领先的竞技地位 ,我国与之仍有一定差距 ;我国比较弱势项目群体竞技实力表现极不稳定。我国应在保持比较优势与潜优势项目群体竞技实力的基础上 ,拓展比较弱势与待发展项目群体的竞技实力 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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曲爱宁 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(8):97-98
柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。 相似文献
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我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献