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进攻与防守,永远是矛盾对立着的两个方面。因此,乒乓球运动中的进攻与防守的理论研究工作,非常重要。乒乓球运动是一项对抗性的、个人竞技的体育运动,在每场比赛中,每一个球的争夺中,充满了进攻与防守的对垒。进攻与防守运用得当与否,能够决定比赛的胜负成败。如果教练员对进攻与防守缺乏研究,在比赛中指挥不当,会造成比赛的失利。在训练中对进攻与防守的技术概念模糊,就会引起运动员在思想上对技术、战术的运用与实战需要的混乱,造成进攻与防守的目的不明,使训练工作事倍功半,徒劳无益,甚至背道而驰。 相似文献
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影响篮球比赛进攻节奏诸因素研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
黄江岩 《武汉体育学院学报》2003,37(4):84-85
现代篮球运动的进攻与防守对抗激烈，在进攻中能控制好比赛节奏就能获得比赛的主动权。要控制好比赛进攻节奏，取决于以下因素：技术、战术、身体素质、意识、心理、判断力、克服防守阻力等。 相似文献
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一、防守的目的进攻与防守是足球运动变化发展的主要矛盾。进攻是为了破门得分取得胜利;防守是为了保住大门,不输球,并且争取变被动为主动,获得再次进攻的权利。攻防是相互作用对立统一的辩证过程。因为比赛是一个整体,因此进攻中必然包含有防守的因素,防守中也必然包含有进攻的因素,只有两者有机的结合,才能使比赛取得预期的成果。从整个足球历史来看, 相似文献
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１ 防守的重要性篮球运动是由进攻和防守两个方面组成的,二者相辅相成,忽视了任何一方都会导致比赛的失败。尤其是忽视防守,不但将导致比赛的失败,而且进攻的技能战术也得不到提高。因为高难的进攻技术是通过强有力的防守而产生的,由此可见防守的重要。现在对篮球比赛有这样一种说法,即“赢球靠防守,表演看进攻。”守为得球,攻为得分,只有得到球才能得分。防守的成攻与否是夺取比赛胜利的重要保证。比赛要想获胜,必须建立在防守的基础上,所以说,篮球运动的看家本领是防守。第十一届世界女篮锦标赛中,中国队全场失误１９次,古… 相似文献
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朱昌荣 《西安体育学院学报》1994,(Z1)
篮球比赛取胜的关键靠防守朱昌荣篮球运动是由进攻和防守两方面组成的，二者缺一不可．否则就不能称之为篮球运动．而进攻和防守又是相辅相成的，忽视了任何一方都会导致比赛的失败，尤其是忽视了防守，不但导致比赛的失败，而且进攻技术、战术也得不到提高．因为高难度的... 相似文献
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在足球比赛中,防守的好坏,直接影响比赛的效果,尤其是后卫线的防守最为重要。现代足球以快速、简练的进攻打法为主,讲究快速进攻,处处体现一个“快”字,因而怎样制约对方快速进攻就成了比赛胜负的关键。众所周知,防守的原则包括延缓,收缩,紧逼,堵抢。在进攻一方... 相似文献
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黄文新 《体育科技文献通报》2010,18(4):24-26
取得篮球比赛的胜利,其根本在于进攻和防守两端的发挥,在进攻中能打出自己的节奏,防守中能破坏对方的进攻节奏,就能掌握比赛的主动权,最终取得比赛的胜利。本文就如何破坏对方的进攻节奏进行分析,以期能对实践有些帮助。 相似文献
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运用文献资料、社会调查和综合分析等方法,在阐明高校体育文化的内涵、分析高校体育文化的特征和主要功能的基础上,提出了加强高校体育文化建设的对策:加强舆论宣传的导向作用,营造高校体育文化氛围;加强领导,提高高校体育师资素质;采取有效途径增强学生体育兴趣,养成经常体育锻炼习惯;建立和完善规章制度,加强体育场地设施建设;完善高校健康教育体系,推进高校文化体育建设。 相似文献
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丁剑翘 《体育科技文献通报》2009,17(7):76-77
在体育活动中目标设置是指根据学生的体育能力和技能水平，确定在一定时间期限内所要达到的体育学习和身体锻炼的目标，以及达到目标所采用的步骤、策略和时间的安排。既定的目标决定了学生参与体育活动的努力程度，指引并规范学生参与体育活动的行为，影响着学生参加体育活动的效果。合理的目标设置能够将学生的注意和行为指向体育活动任务，激发学生的努力和动员其能量，促进学生为完成目标而主动执行和设计最合适的策略和手段等；不恰当的目标设置会降低学生的自信水平，增加认知焦虑，减少学生参与体育活动的努力程度，也影响了学生参与体育活动的效果。本文通过实验在游泳教学中应用目标设置理论，以期来改进游泳教学，提高教学效率和质量。 相似文献
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David Haycock 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(4):507-526
Writing over a decade ago, Penney and Harris examined extra-curricular physical education (ECPE) provision in state schools in England and Wales and focused, in particular, on issues of inclusion, equality and equity. They concluded, among other things, that ECPE provision was highly gendered, characterised by a disproportionate emphasis on traditional team games and competitive sport and provided a limited number of opportunities to only a minority of pupils. Although Penney and Harris were less concerned with reflecting upon how the content, organisation and delivery of ECPE may come to impact the involvement and experiences of young disabled people and those with special educational needs (SEN), their analysis nevertheless has important implications for understanding this largely under-explored and neglected aspect of research. In this paper, therefore, we draw upon some key aspects of Penney and Harris's analysis to examine the extent and ways in which physical education (PE) teachers have endeavoured to incorporate disabled pupils and those with SEN in ECPE. In particular, by drawing upon the findings of a study conducted with 12 PE teachers working in five secondary schools in north-west England, the central objectives of this paper are to: (i) examine the ways and extent to which teachers have endeavoured to incorporate young disabled people and pupils with SEN in ECPE; and (ii) explore the extent to which the content, organisation and delivery of ECPE impacts on pupils’ involvement and experiences. The findings suggest that the trend towards including disabled pupils and those with SEN in mainstream schools has not radically altered the content, organisation and delivery of ECPE which, according to PE teachers, continues to be heavily dominated by competitive team sports that retain a strong emphasis on performance, excellence and skills. This provision, it is claimed, appears to have done more to reduce, rather than enhance, the opportunities for pupils to participate in the same activities and to the same extent in ECPE than they might have done in the special school sector. Indeed, when compared to their non-disabled peers, some disabled pupils and those with SEN typically tended to be provided with a limited and somewhat narrow range of sports and physical activities in which to participate. Teachers also suggested that some pupils rarely participated, if at all, in ECPE and, in some cases, they were often taught separately from other pupils in clubs and teams that were developed specifically for them in an effort to cater more adequately for their needs and abilities. It is concluded that until PE teachers and schools are willing and/or able to bring about desired change in the content, organisation and delivery of ECPE, rather than developing more inclusive and non-segregated forms of provision, teachers in many schools will be constrained and/or inclined to continue providing programmes that, in effect, continue to provide what Penney and Harris call ‘more of the same for the more able’ pupils in ECPE. 相似文献
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北冰南展、三亿人上冰雪在各省市开展如火如荼。采用文献资料、访问调查、实地考察等方法对湖北省冰雪运动发展现状进行调查分析,透析发展困境,提出选择路径。调查结果：湖北省冰雪运动发展的现实困境在于受自然环境制约,冰雪发展基础能力羸弱;运动场地不足,服务范围体验效益欠佳;高新技术缺乏,冰雪产业核心竞争力落后;冰雪认知欠缺,群众参与消费动力不足;培训输送紊乱,竞技后备力量发展受限;社企责任缺失,发展中坚力量牵引不足。选择路径：（1）统筹冰雪政策规划理念与市场布局形成一体多域;（2）转变场地形式为休闲冰雪运动持续发展提供多种资源;（3）加强科技研发,创新培育属于本土的核心竞争品牌;（4）动员社会力量,为多业态冰雪运动发展助力;（5）完善输送体系,培训专业人才,维系后备力量新发展。希翼为三亿人上冰雪、北冰南展、湖北冰雪运动转变发展方式提供参考。 相似文献
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《Sport Management Review》2020,23(1):95-103
Efforts to ensure the welfare of athletes have long existed in sport but have heightened recently across numerous countries in response to shocking revelations of sexual abuse in sport. Cases such as the sexual abuse of female gymnasts by a team doctor in the U.S. and sexual abuse of male footballers by a coach in the U.K. have drawn significant attention and scrutiny by stakeholders in sport and the public alike. These and other cases indicate that in spite of existing athlete welfare policies, educational programmes, and efforts to ensure compliance, numerous athletes were abused, the perpetrators were permitted to continue over an extended period of time, and some adults knew of the abuses and were complicit in failing to intervene. In this article, the authors use Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory to review the current landscape with respect to initiatives to prevent and address athlete maltreatment at each level of the theory. The authors also propose that to advance athlete welfare, more attention needs to be devoted to the development of interventions at the macrosystem or international level. Using Bruno Latour’s concept of the oligopticon (1992) an argument is forwarded to create an international surveillance system to promote athlete welfare. 相似文献
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《Sport Management Review》2015,18(4):501-516
The purpose of this paper was to systematically review the study of organisational culture in sport. The choice of research paradigms, methods, interests, perspectives, and definitions and operationalisation of organisational culture used in 33 studies was examined. This highlighted the variety of ways that culture has been studied in sport and the range of interests explored in the research, including informing athlete development, the link between the strength of culture and organisational performance and understanding the forces driving organisational diversity. Unlike the wider organisational culture literature, there has been a preference in sport to assume that culture was a variable to manipulate in an organisation. The opportunity to widen approaches to study organisational culture in sport is discussed, such as broadening the methods used to conduct studies, including both coaches and athletes in the population studied and using the fragmentation perspective, where ambiguity and conflict are considered in understanding culture. 相似文献
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爆发力是快速力量为主导的体育项目中决定运动成绩的重要因素,爆发力的任何变化都有可能造成冠军或者名次的改变,因此如何在赛前准备活动中更大程度地提高运动员比赛时的爆发力成为近年来研究的重点。不断去追求和探索更加合理的、有效的激发运动员爆发力的方法和手段,成为运动员和教练员们所关注的内容。随着学界对于后激活增强效应(postactivation potentiation,PAP)的研究愈发深入,发现后激活增强效应有可能成为通过赛前准备活动提高运动员在比赛中爆发力的突破点,对PAP的功能及其在运动能力上应用的关注和研究与日俱增。许多研究人员在运动试验中,通过诱导出PAP提高了运动员的竞技表现,但因这些实验的变量选取纷繁复杂,研究多集中在PAP对运动能力即时性提升的效果,而PAP诱导效果的影响因素尚不明确。从生理机制、诱导条件与适用运动员特点3个方面进行梳理,分析研究PAP产生的生理机制,PAP进行诱导刺激所需的条件,以及适合通过PAP提高运动水平的运动员的特点,旨在为我国教练员和运动员在竞技训练实践中合理利用PAP提供有益参考。 相似文献
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在国家乒乓球一队和二队的升降制比赛中,如何在短时间内发现并解决降级运动员技战术存在的问题是二队教练组的难题。采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、数理统计法等方法提出集中突破定量诊断研究方法,为国家女二队教练组改进和提高训练方法提供了理论和实践支持。 相似文献
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随着网球运动在全球的蓬勃发展,网球早已告别＂贵族运动＂走向全民化,越来越多的人开始接触网球,越来越多的人加入网球大军,落点更准、力量更大、速度更快、变化更多,是当今网球发展的主流,各种技术都是以争取时间、掌握主动来制约对手的。运动员的致胜武器也从单一化向多元化发展,而对于打网球的人们来说,发球无疑是最关键也是较重要的一项技术,根据当今网球发球技术的发展和个人在发球技术上的训练较为详细地论述了现代网球发球技术及其训练方法。 相似文献
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我国西部拥有十分丰富而独特的体育资源,开发西部民族体育资源,是西部大开发战略中的重要组成部分。基于我国西部民族体育资源开发现状,分析存在的问题:民族传统体育文化的传承和发展相对滞后;民族传统体育市场发展缓慢;民族体育资源开发程度与范围有限。提出发展对策:实现西部体育资源与旅游资源开发的共赢;拓展体育资源开发的方式和途径;深化民族体育精髓,传承民族文化;以传统优势项目促进当地竞技运动水平的提高等。 相似文献