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1.
运用文献资料法、数理统计法对陕西师范大学瑜伽协会的新学员共52人进行调查与分析。期间对瑜伽练习者进行17周,每周3次,每次1小时的隔天练习。实验结果:瑜伽锻炼者的身体形态、身体机能、身体素质在习练瑜伽前后及与不练习者的各项指标呈显著差异(P<0.05)或者非常显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:瑜伽锻炼对女大学生的体质健康有积极的影响。 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(6):413-420
Abstract High-intensity intermittent exercise substantially increases muscle glucose transport, which is thought to be the rate-limiting step for glycogen synthesis. In the present study, we compared muscle glycogen supercompensation after high-intensity intermittent exercise with that observed after low-intensity continuous exercise in rats. Four- to five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats performed either low-intensity swimming (240 min of swimming exercise with a weight equivalent to 1% of their body mass; LOW) or high-intensity swimming (twenty 30-s swimming bouts with 30 s rest between bouts with a weight equivalent to 16% of their body mass; HIGH) to deplete muscle glycogen. After the glycogen-depleting exercise, rats were given a rodent chow diet plus 5% glucose solution for 6 h or 24 h. Immediately after the two types of exercise, glycogen concentration in rat epitrochlearis muscle was similarly depleted. After the 6-h and 24-h recovery periods, muscle glycogen concentrations in both the HIGH and LOW groups were restored well above the normally fed state. Furthermore, muscle glycogen accumulation in the HIGH group for the 6-h and 24-h recovery periods was not significantly different from that observed in the LOW group. The high-intensity intermittent swimming exercise also induced muscle glycogen supercompensation in well-trained rats that had performed 7 days of endurance swimming training (6 h per day). Our results indicate that high-intensity intermittent exercise as well as low-intensity continuous exercise could induce glycogen supercompensation in rat skeletal muscle. 相似文献
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Lukáš Chovanec 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(15):1699-1707
ABSTRACT This study tested the effect of 8-week endurance and resistance training programmes on cardiovascular stress responses, life stress, and coping. Fifty-two untrained but healthy female students were randomised to an 8-week endurance training, an 8-week resistance training, or a wait list control group. Before and after the training intervention, we assessed the groups’ cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max test), self-reported life stress, coping strategies and cardiovascular reactivity to and recovery from a standardised laboratory stressor. Both endurance and resistance training programmes caused physiological adaptation in terms of increased VO2max after the intervention. For stress and coping parameters, participants in the training groups improved cardiovascular recovery from stress and reported having less stress in their everyday life after the intervention than participants in the control group, while the two training groups did not differ from each other. We did not find any significant differences in heart rate reactivity and coping strategies between the study groups. These results partly support that exercise training has stress-reducing benefits regardless of the type of exercise. Both endurance and resistance exercise activities may be effectively used to improve stress regulation competence while having less impact on changing specific coping strategies. 相似文献
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武欣然 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2014,(4):82-85
文章通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法和数理统计法,对西安市中学生击剑运动开展现状进行调查.结果显示,西安市参加击剑运动的中学生练习目的主要是强身健体,大多数人在练习之前不太了解这个项目,近一半的学生选择练习花剑,大多数学生表示愿意长期参加这项运动,运动过程中发生的运动损伤较少,主要是脚踝部损伤.根据调查中发现的问题提出相应建议,希望对击剑运动后备人才的培养提供参考. 相似文献
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采用文献资料、访谈、实验及数据统计分析等方法,在高校体育康复保健课中,对体质弱势群体学生引入瑜伽内容,并进行为期16周的瑜伽教学和练习,比较分析实验前后身体形态、生理指标和SCL-90心理水平得分等。结果表明,长期瑜伽练习可更好地提高高校体质弱势群体的身心健康,促进全面发展。 相似文献
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力竭性游泳运动后及恢复期不同时相大鼠心肌SOD 活性和mRNA 表达的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
方法:采用分光光度法和RT-PCR技术研究力竭性游泳运动后及恢复期不同时相大鼠心肌超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和mRNA表达.结果:力竭运动后,锰SOD (Mn-SOD)活性呈现升高的趋势,直到力竭运动后24hMn-SOD活性下降,但仍高于安静对照组.与安静对照组相比,力竭运动后即刻组、1h组和4h组的大鼠心肌铜、锌SOD (CuZn-SOD)活性均显著降低(P<0.05);与力竭运动后即刻组相比,力竭运动后24h组的大鼠心肌CuZn-SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05).力竭游泳运动使大鼠心肌CuZn-SOD mRNA表达增加.在运动后恢复期,CuZn-SOD mRNA表达有所下降,但仍保持较高水平.力竭游泳运动使大鼠心肌Mn-SOD mRNA表达增加,并且在运动后恢复期,随着恢复时间的延长,Mn-SOD mRNA表达逐渐增加,直到运动后24h才有所降低.结论:心肌组织中线粒体丰富,CuZn-SOD和Mn-SOD的亚细胞定位和各自的特性不同,使得心肌SOD同工酶对运动的反应性不同.运动对CuZn-SOD和Mn-SOD的影响发生在转录前水平.力竭运动后恢复期,大鼠心肌CuZn-SOD mRNA表达保持较高水平,Mn-SOD mRNA表达持续增加,Mn-SOD活性保持较高水平,CuZn-SOD活性持续增加,维持较强的抗氧化作用,减少自由基对细胞的损伤. 相似文献
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Abstract Six female collegiate swimmers were used to evaluate the hypothesis that the recovery procedure after exercise will not only affect subsequent performance, but will also affect the recovery process after the subsequent performance. Each swimmer exercised for two minutes at 90% [Vdot]O2 max on a swimming ergometer, recovered for 15 minutes by walking on land or swimming, then swam 200 yds. for time. Oxygen uptake was measured for 15 minutes after the 200 yd. swim. Venous blood, obtained after the ergometry swim, and before and after the 200 yd. swim, was analyzed for lactate. Two hundred yard swim times were not significantly affected by either the walking or swimming recovery procedures. Blood lactate after the ergometry swim averaged 96.7 ± 18 mg/100 ml. The swimming recovery reduced the lactate levels by 53.3% compared to a 38.5% reduction during the walking recovery. Significant differences in blood lactate were also noted after the 200 yd. swim, with the trials in which swimming recovery protocol was used yielding less than the trials involving the walking recovery (99 ± 8 mg/100 ml compared to 113 ± 8 mg/100 ml, respectively). The post 200 yd. swim oxygen uptakes averaged 7.74 ± 1.51 liters and were not affected by protocol. It was concluded that a 15 minute recovery period may be sufficient for repeated bouts of high intensity work lasting less than three minutes. It was also concluded that self-selection of the mode of recovery is not always the most effective for removal of blood lactate. 相似文献
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Frances J. Brannon Jean E. Hart Marvin H. Eyler 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):670-675
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine which of three intensities of treadmill training produced changes in body composition in rats as evidenced by body weight, percentage of fat and specific gravity. Subjects were 60 male Wistar rats 25 to 30 days old when obtained. They were randomly assigned to one of five groups: sedentary controls, spontaneously active controls, and three groups of rats forced to exercise on a treadmill at intensities of 75, 125 and 175 fpm. Forced exercise was applied three times a week for 8 weeks, after which measures of body weight, specific gravity, and percentage of body fat were obtained. Results indicated that the sedentary controls had significantly higher mean body weights than did those which exercised. Rats forced to exercise at 75 fpm had significantly lower specific gravity measures than rats trained at 125 fpm. Sedentary controls had lower specific gravity values than did all rats allowed to exercise. Intensity of treadmill training had no effect on percentage of body fat as determined chemically. However, exercise was effective in reduction of body fat. 相似文献
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目的:探讨瑜伽运动对体育专业男生身体机能七项指标的影响。方法:将60人随机分为A、B两组(每组各30人),对A组进行瑜伽训练,每周训练2次,每次90min;B组不进行瑜伽训练,只进行简单的慢跑练习,次数与瑜伽练习组相同,每次45min。实验时间均为25周,实验前后对受试者七项指标进行测定。结果:A、B两组七项指标各项值均有变化,变化幅度瑜伽组平均改变率为15.31%,慢跑组平均改变率为7.92%,两组比较有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:瑜伽锻炼对身体机能七项指标的改变效果好于慢跑练习。 相似文献
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Robert G. McMurray 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):738-746
Abstract Eight college swimmers were tested on a swimming ergometer to investigate the effects of body position on land and immersion in the water on the heart rate recovery after swimming exercise. The subjects swam at a predetermined work load for 5 min. and then assumed one of the four conditions for recovery (erect and supine on the deck, motionless and swimming in the water). Heart rates were recorded for the 3 min. of recovery. After the allowance for recovery, the subject was timed for a 200-yd. swim. No statistically significant differences were noted when comparing the recovery heart rates for the four conditions. The same was found true when comparing the 200-yd. swim times. It was noted that the swim was felt to be harder when recovery was completed in an erect or supine position than after light exercise in the water. 相似文献
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Donald H. Hardin 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):405-407
Abstract Endurance testing of small animals has been evident in the physical education literature in recent years (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). Probably there will be an increase in the use of the laboratory rat in exercise testing, as the animal lends itself well to experimentations involving the effects of exercise during the formative periods on the adult, the effects of exercise on food consumption or voluntary exercise, the effects of radiation on endurance, and environmental effects on exercise. It is felt that standard methods of endurance testing with the laboratory rat should be developed to aid the investigator undertaking a study using the rat as an experimental animal. This study was an attempt to determine the reliability of some of the better known methods of measuring the swimming endurance of the laboratory rat. One of the following four tests was given to each group of 20 albino rats, trained for 5 weeks with a swimming regimen which progressed until each animal could swim for a period of 2 hr. without removal from the swimming tank. The water temperature was held at 30 C (± 2 degrees C). The tank used for the training was a circular one, 30 in. in diameter. After the 5-week conditioning period the rats were given the appropriate test, then retested after a one day rest, and then destroyed. A new group of animals was used for each endurance test. 相似文献
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Abstract Young, healthy varsity swimmers were studied over a period of 14 months with regard to the effect of a typical training and competitive collegiate swimming program on plasma cholesterol and phospholipids. Chemical analyses on blood cholesterol and phospholipids were made and compared for competitive and noncompetitive seasons. A dietary analysis was also made during the competitive season. In both the original and subsequent study involving the current (1960–61) varsity swimmers analyses were made of the acute effect of physical exertion on plasma cholesterol and phospholipids. The exercise, used for conditioning varsity swimming athletes did not significantly lower blood cholesterol and phospholipids. However, this result is not necessarily at variance with the view of some investigators that exercise does exert a hypocholesterilizing effect. Several factors are discussed which are thought to have influenced ultimate results. 相似文献
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Kyle R. Lynch Han C. G. Kemper Bruna Turi-Lynch Ricardo R. Agostinete Igor H. Ito Rafael Luiz-De-Marco 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(24):2421-2426
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of different sports on stress fractures among adolescents during a 9-month follow-up period. The sample was composed of 184 adolescents divided into three groups (impact sports [n = 102]; swimming [n = 35]; non-sports [n = 47]). The occurrence of stress fracture was reported by participants and coaches. As potential confounders we considered age, sex, resistance training, body composition variables and age at peak of height velocity. There were 13 adolescents who reported fractures during the 9-month period. Bone mineral density values were higher in adolescents engaged in impact sports (P-value = 0.002). Independently of confounders, the risk of stress fracture was lower in adolescents engaged in impact sports than in non-active adolescents (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.23 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.05 to 0.98]), while swimming practice was not associated to lower risk of fracture (HR = 0.49 [95% CI = 0.09 to 2.55]). In conclusion, the findings from this study indicate the importance of sports participation among adolescents in the reduction of stress fracture risk, especially with impact sports. More importantly, these results could be relevant for recognising adolescents in danger of not reaching their potential for peak bone mass and later an increased risk of fractures. 相似文献
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于媛媛 《体育科技文献通报》2013,21(5):104-105
瑜伽的修为,关键在于集中意念和平缓的呼吸,任何姿势,你只需要按照正确的方法,然后做到你自己的最大极限就可以了,不要疼痛、不要憋气,随着练习次数的增加,柔韧性和姿态也会越变越好。 相似文献
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竞赛规则决定了项目的专项特征。通过对现代五项实施国际新规则后成绩结构的相关性分析、快速聚类分析、变异系数、偏相关性分析,讨论了该项目的成绩结构特征及我国发展策略。研究结果显示：除击剑呈正态分布外,其余子项成绩均呈左偏分布;各子项成绩稳定性由高到低依次为马术、击剑、激光跑、游泳;各子项对总成绩的相关性排序为马术和激光跑高于游泳和击剑;激光跑成绩呈逐年上升态势,马术成绩略有波动;男子击剑与激光跑之间,女子游泳与马术之间不存在成绩相关性;激光跑的绝对速度与该子项成绩关系密切。针对当前我国男、女运动员的优势和劣势子项相反,男子以激光跑见长,女子则在游泳中显现优势的特点,提出了丰富击剑与马术训练内容、游泳与激光跑协同发展、女子激光跑借鉴男子成功经验、创设"五合一"训练条件的中国发展策略。 相似文献
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目的：探讨正念练习对大学生注意的影响及其脑结构机制。方法：选择瑜伽、太极拳作为正念练习手段，形体练习作为积极对照，不运动为空白对照，80位大学生进行为期12周、每周一次80分钟集中练习干预，干预前后进行正念注意觉知量表、注意网络测试，同时采集所有大学生的静息态功能核磁共振成像扫描数据，采用基于体素的形态学测量方法进行脑区灰质体积计算。结果：（1）12周正念练习显著提高大学生的正念水平；（2）12周正念练习显著改善大学生的注意执行控制能力；（3）12周正念练习后瑜伽组右侧颞中回颞极、太极组左脑颞上回和双侧小脑后叶灰质体积显著改变；（4）瑜伽组右侧颞中回颞极灰质体积的改变与注意执行控制的改善显著正相关。结论：12周正念练习改善大学生的注意执行控制能力，改变颞叶、小脑等脑区的灰质体积；正念练习可能通过影响大学生颞叶灰质体积等脑结构，改善其注意能力。 相似文献
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目的:探讨不同游泳运动方式对大鼠海马蛋白激酶C(PKC)表达的影响;方法:55只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为对照组(5只)、持续和间歇游泳训练组(各25只)。建立大鼠运动模型,采用SP免疫组织化学方法,观察大鼠海马PKC在对照组、持续游泳训练组和间歇游泳训练组的表达规律;结果:间歇、持续游泳训练组PKC在训练后各时间点的表达均明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。持续组PKC在运动后即刻表达达到最高峰;间歇组PKC则在运动后60 min表达达到最高峰。持续组PKC在运动后即刻、30 min、60 min时段内表达均明显高于间歇组(P<0.01),而运动后240 min时表达则明显低于间歇组(P<0.01);结论:游泳运动作为一种应激可以促进海马PKC的表达;运动后大鼠海马PKC的表达随运动刺激的强度、时间的变化而不同。 相似文献
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William R. Pierson Eugene R. O'connell 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):439-443
Abstract This study recorded the age, height, weight, and grip strength of 299 healthy adult males, representing college students newly enrolled in a body conditioning class, college athletes, recruit policemen and policemen. Analysis of the data showed that for men in condition and within the limits of the study, grip strength is significantly related to weight but not to height or age. 相似文献
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Abstract Six groups of subjects were tested to determine if various training programs affected performance in speed in swimming 30 yards. No evidence of improvement was found after one group of subjects had been exposed to absolutely no exercise for six weeks and, also, after a group of subjects had participated in various exercises with weights three times weekly for six weeks. Two groups of swimmers who participated in practicing starts, kicking, arm stroking, and sprinting 30 and 60 yards significantly improved their performances in speed in swimming; one group of subjects followed the preceding program three times weekly and another group used the same routine six times a week. Two other groups, one of which was exposed to weight training and swimming, and one of which was exposed only to 30-yard sprints and practicing starts, both showed statistically significant differences in performance. 相似文献