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1.
Abstract The objectives of the study were to analyse game interruptions of league soccer in detail and the tactical use of game interruptions. Sixteen matches of a German first league soccer team were observed. An observational system was designed to assess interruption types, score, duration of interruption, location of interruption, time of interruption and number of occurrences. Results showed that there is an average of 108 interruptions per match. Throw-ins (40) and free kicks (33) were most frequent. Goal kicks (17), corner kicks (10), substitutions (4), and kick offs (3) occurred less often. Drop balls, penalties, and injuries occurred least often. For 38% of the total match time observed, matches were halted. The mean duration of running and interrupted match parts were 32.1 s and 18.7 s, respectively. The analysis showed significant differences concerning the influence of the location of interruption, score, and time of interruption on the duration of different interruption types (P < 0.05). The results of the study showed the tactical use of game interruptions during league soccer matches, e.g. goal kicks of the leading team take longer towards the end of the match. Examining game interruptions has turned out to be a valuable source of information adding to our knowledge of soccer. We have shown evidence that the durations of many interruptions serve tactical purposes, a well-known hypothesis in practice. 相似文献
2.
法国世界杯足球赛角球进攻战术分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
现代足球比赛中,各队对防守愈加重视,给进攻带来困难。在刚刚结束的第16届世界杯足球赛上,许多球队给进攻赋予新的变化,角球进攻是其中的一个方面。本文通过对本届杯赛角球进攻战术的研究分析,发现现代足球比赛中角球进攻的一些基本特点,寻找出一些较有实效的战术配合形式,如角球罚向的区域、球的运行轨迹、门前争点的位置及争点的方式、攻门的方式等。期望学习和借鉴世界强队在角球进攻战术组织方面的长处,帮助改进训练,提高角球进攻的实战效果。 相似文献
3.
On winning the penalty shoot-out in soccer 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The penalty shoot-out is used to break tied games in the knock-out stages of soccer competition. The shoot-out, which consists of an alternating series of penalty kicks, is won by the team with the highest goal tally after n kicks per team (n = 5). In the event of a tie after five penalty kicks each, the shoot-out progresses to 'sudden death' by increasing n in iterative fashion (i.e. n = n + 1) until one team obtains a higher goal tally than the other after an equal number of kicks per team. The team to strike first is determined at the end of extra time by the toss of a coin. As each on-field player can be awarded only a single penalty kick, the line-up order in which the penalty kicks are taken allows for the possibility of tactical influence on the final outcome. Consequently, we report a probability analysis of the penalty shoot-out in soccer from which we identify the following pre- and post-game strategies. The best five ranked penalty takers from the on-field players should be assigned to the first five penalty kicks in their reverse order of ability. That is, the fifth best penalty taker should take the first penalty kick, the fourth best penalty taker should take the second penalty kick, and so on. In the event of sudden death, the next highest ranked on-field player should be assigned to the next penalty kick until the shoot-out ends. For this tactic to be successful, players should be ranked a priori on their penalty-taking ability. Similarly, goalkeepers should be ranked a priori on their penalty-stopping ability. These findings indicate that the tactical substitution of on-field players for higher ranked penalty takers, including higher ranked penalty stoppers (i.e. goalkeepers), with a view to an impending penalty shoot-out should be given due consideration. These results are of practical importance in that they are shown to maximize the likelihood of winning the penalty shoot-out under certain initial conditions. 相似文献
4.
The penalty shoot-out is used to break tied games in the knock-out stages of soccer competition. The shoot-out, which consists of an alternating series of penalty kicks, is won by the team with the highest goal tally after n kicks per team (n = 5). In the event of a tie after five penalty kicks each, the shoot-out progresses to 'sudden death' by increasing n in iterative fashion (i.e. n = n + 1) until one team obtains a higher goal tally than the other after an equal number of kicks per team. The team to strike first is determined at the end of extra time by the toss of a coin. As each on-field player can be awarded only a single penalty kick, the line-up order in which the penalty kicks are taken allows for the possibility of tactical influence on the final outcome. Consequently, we report a probability analysis of the penalty shoot-out in soccer from which we identify the following pre- and post-game strategies. The best five ranked penalty takers from the on-field players should be assigned to the first five penalty kicks in their reverse order of ability. That is, the fifth best penalty taker should take the first penalty kick, the fourth best penalty taker should take the second penalty kick, and so on. In the event of sudden death, the next highest ranked on-field player should be assigned to the next penalty kick until the shoot-out ends. For this tactic to be successful, players should be ranked a priori on their penalty-taking ability. Similarly, goalkeepers should be ranked a priori on their penalty-stopping ability. These findings indicate that the tactical substitution of on-field players for higher ranked penalty takers, including higher ranked penalty stoppers (i.e. goalkeepers), with a view to an impending penalty shoot-out should be given due consideration. These results are of practical importance in that they are shown to maximize the likelihood of winning the penalty shoot-out under certain initial conditions. 相似文献
5.
通过对′９８ 中国足球甲Ａ联赛１４ 支球队１８２ 场比赛进球的时间、地点、位置以及主客场因素特征的分析,结果表明甲Ａ进球受主客场因素较大,主场多于客场,进球地点集中在罚球区内,但是,各队之间差异较大,进球最多的时间段为最后１５ｍｉｎ。 相似文献
6.
Kicks from the penalty mark in soccer: the roles of stress, skill, and fatigue for kick outcomes 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The soccer "penalty shootout" in the knock-out phase of major international tournaments is one of the most dramatic events in international soccer. The outcome of these kicks is typically attributed to factors such as psychology (e.g. coping with stress), skill (e.g. kicking technique), physiology (e.g. overcoming the fatigue of 120 min play), and chance (e.g. in what direction the goalkeeper moves). The purpose of this study was to use internet game record data to estimate the relative importance of these performance components for the outcome of penalty kicks in international matches. Data were collected from soccer statistics internet sites on all 41 penalty shootouts and 409 kicks taken in the World Cup, European Championships, and Copa America between 1976 and 2004. The results showed that the importance of the kicks (indicative of stress) was negatively related to the outcomes of the kicks, whereas skill and fatigue were less, or not, related to outcome. It was concluded that psychological components are most influential for the outcome of penalty kicks. We recommend that practitioners work with players to reduce the perceived importance of each kick. 相似文献
7.
Schwarz W 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(5):441-447
Using a large representative database (12,902 matches from the top professional football league in Germany), I show that the number (441) of two-penalty matches is larger than expected by chance, and that among these 441 matches there are considerably more matches in which each team is awarded one penalty than would be expected on the basis of independent penalty kick decisions (odds ratio = 11.2, relative risk = 6.34). Additional analyses based on the score in the match before a penalty is awarded and on the timing of penalties, suggest that awarding a first penalty to one team raises the referee's penalty evidence criterion for the same team, and lowers the corresponding criterion for the other team. 相似文献
8.
目的：考虑比赛中断因素影响的情况下，探讨我国职业足球运动员比赛结束时段跑动能力是否下降。方法：基于STATS Pro R计算机视频跟踪系统采集的275名职业足球运动员3 438组比赛跑动数据，围绕足球比赛间歇性特征，同时考虑中断时间动态特征和比分差距大小对跑动表现的影响。运用数据级数推断分别界定我国职业足球运动员半场结束时段和比赛结束时段的跑动能力是否下降。研究发现：(1)相较比赛开始阶段，比赛结束时段的中断时间呈现清晰的增加，比分均衡比赛结束时段的中断时间增加更为明显；(2)我国职业足球运动员比赛结束时段总跑动距离呈现清晰的下降(ES=0.31~0.56)，但该下降以中、低速跑动距离为主，所有位置运动员冲刺跑动距离均只出现微小无意义变化(ES=0.14~0.08)；(3)上半场中、低速跑动距离下降程度大于下半场，高强度跑动距离的下降程度小于下半场；(4)比赛结束时段跑动表现变化的位置特征表现为，中后场运动员高强度跑动距离未发生有意义变化，前场运动员高速跑动距离则呈现清晰的减少(ES=0.25~0.37)。结果表明：考虑比赛中断因素影响后，我国职业足球运动员比赛结束时段高强度跑动距离总体未呈现下降趋势；中后场运动员高速跑动距离和冲刺跑动距离均只出现了微小无意义变化，而前场运动员的高速跑动距离则呈现清晰的减少。 相似文献
9.
本文主要以文献资料法、比较法对2007年中国足球超级联赛进行深入剖析，结果表明：悬念是07年的主旋律，反映出中超联赛格局不稳定，各支球队差距不大；进球总数和场均进球数均少于往年，说明精彩程度有所下降；外援进球的数量占总进球数的比例在不断提高，表明外援仍然是各支球队进攻的主角；本土教练赢得了争冠保级之争以及观众上座率有所回升等五方面的特点。 相似文献
10.
尺度空间层次聚类在足球球队技、战术能力分类中的应用研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过对2004年欧洲杯足球赛16支球队的进球、射门、射门命中率、角球、控球、成功传球、抢断、被抢断、犯规、越位和失球等11项攻防技术指标进行主成分分析的基础上，确定球队技、战术能力聚类的综合指标，形成聚类样本。在此基础上，引入模拟人类视觉系统的尺度空间理论，提出了基于尺度层次空间聚类的球队分类方法，分类结果客观反映了2004年欧洲杯足球赛各队技、战术的综合实力，揭示了世界足球运动的发展趋势，并探索出一种分类球队技、战术水平的方法。 相似文献
11.
对第18届世界杯足球赛决赛阶段64场比赛的定位球进球进行观察与统计,指出定位球战术在比赛中仍占据重要地位,任意球是定位球进球的主要手段,头顶球在定位球进攻中起重要作用.从中找出世界强队定位球进球的一般规律,为我国足球训练和比赛提供参考. 相似文献
12.
现代足球角球进攻战术中传球及落点的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
赵建安 《西安体育学院学报》2003,20(2):90-92
通过对第17届世界杯足球赛决赛阶段64场比赛、意甲和英超40场比赛角球进攻战术运用情况的观察统计,并与第16届世界杯相关数据进行比较,分析角球进攻战术中传球和落点的变化及其内在规律,探讨现代足球比赛角球进攻战术的发展特征。认为角球进攻战术已成为足球进攻战术中有效的得分手段。 相似文献
13.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(7):573-582
AbstractSquad management, injury and physical, tactical and technical match performance were investigated in a professional soccer team across five consecutive league seasons (2008–2013, 190 league games) with specific focus on a championship-winning season (2010/11). For each player, match participation and time-loss injuries were recorded, the latter prospectively diagnosed by the team's physician. Defending and attacking tactical and technical performance indicators investigated included ball possession and possession in opponents' half, passes, forward passes, completed passes and forward passes, crosses and completed crosses, goal attempts and goal attempts on target, successful final third entries, free-kicks and 50/50 duels won/lost. Physical performance measures included total distance and distance covered at high-speeds (≥19.1 km/h). Results showed that during the 2010/11 season, squad utilisation was lowest potentially owing to the observed lower match injury occurrence and working days lost to injury thereby increasing player availability. In 2010/11, the team won both its highest number of points and conceded its lowest number of goals especially over the second half of this season. The team also won its highest number of games directly via a goal from a substitute and scored and conceded a goal first on the highest and lowest number of occasions, respectively. While multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) detected a significant difference in some attacking and defensive performance indicators across the five seasons, these were generally not distinguishing factors in 2010/11. Similarly, univariate ANOVAs showed a significant difference in running distances covered across seasons, but the trend was for less activity in 2010/11. 相似文献
14.
15.
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of match location, quality of opposition, and match status on the technical aspects of performance within a single professional British football team. Forty matches from the 2002--2003 and 2003--2004 domestic league seasons were notated post-event using a computerized notational analysis system with 13 on-the-ball behaviours and corresponding outcomes (successful or unsuccessful) assessed. Log-linear modelling procedures indicated that the incidences of all on-the-ball technical behaviours, with the exception of "set-pieces", were influenced by at least one of the three situation variables, with both independent and interactive effects found. In contrast, logit modelling suggested that there was no general influence of the situation variables on the outcomes of the on-the-ball behaviours. The findings emphasize the need for notational analysts and coaches to consider the potential independent and interactive effects of match location, quality of opposition, and match status when assessing the technical components of football performance, particularly those relating to behaviour occurrence. Future research should consider the effects of additional situation variables purported to influence the mental, physical, technical, and tactical components of football performance. 相似文献
16.
第17届世界杯足球赛角球进攻战术的分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对第17届世界杯足球赛决赛阶段的64场比赛的角球进攻战术的观察及统计分析，揭示了角球进攻战术的一般特征．学习和借鉴世界强队在角球进攻战术组织方面的长处．为我国高水平足球队的训练与比赛提供参考依据。 相似文献
17.
Abstract Methods of analysis that include an assessment of opponent interactions are thought to provide a more valid means of team match performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of playing tactics on achieving score-box possession by assessing opponent interactions in Norwegian elite soccer matches. We analysed a random series of 1703 team possessions from 163 of 182 (90%) matches played in the professional men's league during the 2004 season. Multidimensional qualitative data obtained from ten ordered categorical variables were used. Offensive tactics were more effective in producing score-box possessions when playing against an imbalanced defence (28.5%) than against a balanced defence (6.5%) (P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression found that, for the main variable “team possession type”, counterattacks were more effective than elaborate attacks when playing against an imbalanced defence (odds ratio: 2.69; 95% confidence interval: 1.64 to 4.43) but not against a balanced defence (odds ratio: 1.14; 95% confidence interval: 0.47 to 2.76). Assessment of opponent interactions is critical to evaluate the effectiveness of offensive playing tactics on producing score-box possessions, and improves the validity of team match-performance analysis in soccer. 相似文献
18.
Gabbett TJ 《Journal of sports sciences》2004,22(5):409-417
The aim of this study was to examine the influence of perceived intensity, duration and load of matches and training on the incidence of injury in rugby league players. The incidence of injury was prospectively studied in 79 semi-professional rugby league players during the 2001 season. All injuries sustained during matches and training sessions were recorded. Training sessions were conducted from December to September, with matches played from February to September. The intensity of individual training sessions and matches was estimated using a modified rating of perceived exertion scale. Training load was calculated by multiplying the training intensity by the duration of the training session. The match load was calculated by multiplying the match intensity by the time each player participated in the match. Training load increased from December (278.3 [95% confidence interval, CI 262.2 to 294.5] units) to February (385.5 [95% CI 362.4 to 408.5] units), followed by a decline until September (98.4 [95% CI 76.5 to 120.4] units). Match load increased from February (204.0 [95% CI 186.2 to 221.8] units) to September (356.8 [95% CI 302.5 to 411.1] units). More training injuries were sustained in the first half of the season (first vs second: 69.2% vs 30.8%, P < 0.001), whereas match injuries occurred more frequently in the latter stages of the season (53.6% vs 46.4%, P < 0.001). A significant relationship (P < 0.05) was observed between changes in training injury incidence and changes in training intensity (r = 0.83), training duration (r = 0.79) and training load (r = 0.86). In addition, changes in the incidence of match injuries were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with changes in match intensity (r = 0.74), match duration (r = 0.86) and match load (r = 0.86). These findings suggest that as the intensity, duration and load of rugby league training sessions and matches is increased, the incidence of injury is also increased. 相似文献
19.
In team sports, tactical periodisation refers to the planned manipulation of training loads with the aim of prioritising athlete readiness for matches of greatest importance. Although monitoring of athletes’ physical condition is often used to inform this planning, the direct influence of external factors on match difficulty has not been well quantified. In this study, a ‘match difficulty index’ (MDI) for use in Super Rugby was developed, based on the influence imparted by five external factors on previous match outcomes. Specifically, information relating to match location, days break between matches, time-zone change and opposition ladder position (both current and previous year) were collected for matches played during the 2011–2013 Super Rugby seasons. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the importance of each of these factors with respect to match outcome (win/loss), with opposition ladder position and match location (home, domestic away or international) exerting the greatest influence on match difficulty. Three separate cross-validated models were constructed, with match outcome classification performance reported as 66.2%, 65.5% and 63.7% respectively. The three MDI models emanating from this study can each be used to inform tactical periodisation program design both prior to and during the regular season. 相似文献
20.
Hongyou Liu Will G. Hopkins Miguel-Angel Gómez 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(5):516-525
Identifying match events that are related to match outcome is an important task in football match analysis. Here we have used generalised mixed linear modelling to determine relationships of 16 football match events and 1 contextual variable (game location: home/away) with the match outcome. Statistics of 320 close matches (goal difference ≤ 2) of season 2012–2013 in the Spanish First Division Professional Football League were analysed. Relationships were evaluated with magnitude-based inferences and were expressed as extra matches won or lost per 10 close matches for an increase of two within-team or between-team standard deviations (SD) of the match event (representing effects of changes in team values from match to match and of differences between average team values, respectively). There was a moderate positive within-team effect from shots on target (3.4 extra wins per 10 matches; 99% confidence limits ±1.0), and a small positive within-team effect from total shots (1.7 extra wins; ±1.0). Effects of most other match events were related to ball possession, which had a small negative within-team effect (1.2 extra losses; ±1.0) but a small positive between-team effect (1.7 extra wins; ±1.4). Game location showed a small positive within-team effect (1.9 extra wins; ±0.9). In analyses of nine combinations of team and opposition end-of-season rank (classified as high, medium, low), almost all between-team effects were unclear, while within-team effects varied depending on the strength of team and opposition. Some of these findings will be useful to coaches and performance analysts when planning training sessions and match tactics. 相似文献