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本文旨在研究青年篮球运动员变向能力与直线速度、力量和爆发力之间的相关性以及性别差异。方法:本研究对3 1.名青年篮球运动员(男子1 7.名,女子1 4.名)进行传统5-0- 5.变向测试和2 0.m冲刺、深蹲最大力量、垂直纵跳、助跑摸高等测试,并计算变向赤字。结果:男子篮球运动员变向赤字占比显著高于女子篮球运动员 ;男子、女子篮球运动员5-0- 5.测试时间与变向赤字均呈正相关 ;男子篮球运动员5-0- 5.测试时间、变向赤字与体重呈正相关,与深蹲体重比、垂直纵跳及助跑摸高净高度呈负相关 ;女子篮球运动员5-0- 5.左侧测试时间与垂直纵跳及助跑摸高净高度呈负相关,5-0- 5.左侧变向赤字与助跑摸高净高度呈负相关。结论:青年男子篮球运动员变向能力与体重呈正相关,与下肢相对力量、下肢爆发力呈负相关,而青年女子篮球运动员变向能力仅与下肢爆发力呈负相关,且呈现出左右侧肢体差异。此外,对于青年男子篮球运动员来说,仅用5-0- 5.测试可能无法准确评价其变向能力,推荐使用变向赤字作为其变向能力的评价方法 ;对青年女子篮球运动员来说,5-0- 5.测试与变向赤字均可以作为其变向能力的评价方法 相似文献
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通过文献资料、问卷调查等研究方法对武汉市普通高校青年体育教师的心理健康现状进行调查。结果显示:在躯体化、强迫症状、焦虑、抑郁、敌对因子得分方面,普通高校青年体育教师明显高于全国成人常模,且差异显著;因子得分的阳性检测率为11.9%,说明普通高校青年体育教师面临着较为严重的心理健康问题,进一步的比较发现女性青年体育教师的心理健康状况略好于男性青年体育教师。 相似文献
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运用自编中小学体育教师职业压力源问卷,对173名中小学体育教师进行调查.研究表明,88.4%的中小学体育教师对自己的职业感到有压力;中小学体育教师职业压力源主要源于工资待遇、工作外部环境、职业发展要求、学校组织气氛和社会因素等五个方面;中小学体育教师在性别、学历和职称三个方面职业压力存在显著差异,但在地区分布和年龄上差异不显著. 相似文献
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山东省中小学体育教师职业压力源 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
运用自编的中小学体育教师职业压力源问卷,对173名中小学体育教师进行调查.研究表明:目前有88.4%的中小学体育教师对自己的职业感到有压力;中小学体育教师职业压力源主要来源于工资待遇、工作外部环境、职业发展要求、学校组织气氛和社会因素等5个方面;中小学体育教师在性别、学历和职称3个方面存在显著差异,但在地区分布和年龄上则差异不显著. 相似文献
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排球、足球运动员膝关节等速向心肌力测试比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
韦斌斌 《西安体育学院学报》2010,27(5)
通过应用Cybex-6000等速测试系统对28名排球运动员和46名足球运动员(5名守门员、16名后卫、15名中场、10名前锋)膝关节肌力进行测试,以探讨排球、足球两个不同项目运动员膝关节肌力特征及差别.测试结果表明:排球运动员优势腿、非优势腿股四头肌峰力矩在360 °/s和90 °/s上均大于足球运动员,而排球运动员腘绳肌峰力矩与足球运动员无明显差异;而排球运动员双侧腘绳肌峰力矩(90 °/s)差异程度显著小于足球运动员;排球运动员在90 °/s的速度下测得的股四头肌/腘绳肌峰力矩比值(H/Q)要显著低于足球运动员随着角速度的增快(90 °/s→360 °/s),并且排球运动员和足球运动员股四头肌/腘绳肌峰力矩比值(H/Q)均随之增大;没有发现不同位置的球员之间膝关节等速肌力测试结果存在很大差异. 相似文献
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周喜华 《体育成人教育学刊》2008,24(2):87-89
采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和社会支持评定量表,对小学体育教师心理健康状况和社会支持状况进行调查.结果得出:(1)小学体育教师的SCL-90阳性项目均分和一项因子分与全国成人常模有明显差异,他们中存在的问题依次为强迫、敌对和人际敏感等;(2)性别、婚姻状况以及是否担任班主任工作等因素时小学体育教师的社会支持有一定的影响;(3)小学体育教师的社会支持特别是主观支持与心理健康水平有着明显的相关,说明他们的社会支持对其心理健康水平有着显著影响. 相似文献
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为进一步加强小学青年体育教师教学基本功．全面提高小学青年体育教师的业务素质,促进体育教学改革,提高体育课教学质量,深圳市教育局于2000年4月～6月组织了深圳市小学青年体育教师基本功比赛。全市210余名小学青年体育教师参加了教学基本功选拔赛,经过层层选择,来自六个区的11位青年体育教师脱颖而出,参加丁,6月13～16日在市教育学院附中和福南小学举行的决定。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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曲爱宁 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(8):97-98
柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。 相似文献
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我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献