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文章以web of science^TM核心合集数据库中收录的2017年到2020年间以儿童青少年身体活动为主题的文献信息为研究数据来源,运用文献资料法和Cite Space知识图谱分析国外儿童青少年身体活动研究外部特征和基本情况,解析当前儿童青少年身体活动研究的经典引文,揭示研究热点。国外儿童青少年身体活动的研究呈现出跨众多学科且多领域之间相互交叉的态势;研究来源期刊种类丰富多样,涉及学科领域广泛;美国和澳大利亚虽发文量最多,中心性较低;英格兰、新加坡和南非其研究影响力较高;大学是该研究领域的核心机构;儿童青少年的体质和健康问题,锻炼对儿童体质和健康的干预尤其是对肥胖儿童青少年体质健康干预与慢性病方面研究是国际上关注的焦点;身体活动水平对非传染性疾病的预防方案的制定和实施、儿童和青少年身体活动准则的制定、儿童青少年久坐行为与多项身体以及心理健康指标之间的关系等研究构成了该领域的经典被引文献。 相似文献
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身体素养作为促进身体活动的一种新理念,引起体育教育部门、竞技运动组织和公共卫生研究领域的广泛关注,积极探索评价身体素养的方法。综述儿童青少年身体素养测评工具研究现状,结果显示,测评工具共6套,其中加拿大8~12岁儿童的测评工具较为完整,其他工具多是建立测量指标理论模型;测评维度主要包括身体能力、行为、认知、心理和社会5个子域;测评方法多采用自我报告和他评的主观测评。儿童青少年身体素养测评工具的研制尚处于起步阶段,需要进一步细化、验证和应用已有测评模型,研制针对不同文化背景、不同身体状况的儿童青少年测评工具。我国需要结合国内教育背景、儿童青少年身心特点及身体活动现状,研制不同年龄段、不同身体状况的儿童青少年身体素养测评工具,进而为了解我国儿童青少年身体素养的现状提供调查工具,为评价身体素养的干预效果提供指标。 相似文献
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康复运动处方对青少年支气管哮喘患者呼吸机能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
观察康复运动处方对青少年支气管哮喘患者呼吸机能的影响。支气管哮喘患者31例，随机分成A、B两组，A组11例维持已有的药物治疗；B组20例在已有药物治疗基础上实施康复运动处方。两组的观察时间均为12周，对所有患者试验前后的哮喘症状、肺功能及不良反应进行了随访观察和测定。结果：肺活量、肺功能FEV1、PEF明显改善，提示哮喘症状呈逐步稳定状态。喘息、痰量、哮呜音症状改善有效率分别为A组63．64％、45．45％、54．56％；B组85％、75％、80％。试验所取得的正向效果。证明了康复运动处方对改善和提高青少年支气管哮喘患者的呼吸机能有显著效果． 相似文献
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对温州市4983名0~岁少年儿童的身高、体重进行检测与调查分析,结果显示：温州市少年儿童身体发育、成熟速度发生了变化,在较波折年龄就达到了较大年龄的身高、体重标准发育程度：（1）表现了发育期在提前。（2）发育的时间提早、青春期在缩短。本研究提示：少年儿童在青春发育的关键期,要加强营养,注意饮食结构合理性,养成良好的个人卫生习惯、规律的生活作息时间并加强体育锻炼。 相似文献
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M. A. McNarry M. J. Lewis N. Wade G. A. Davies Con Winn W. T. B. Eddolls 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(19):2228-2235
ABSTRACTLittle is known regarding the influence of asthma and exercise, and their interaction, on heart rate variability (HRV) in adolescents.Thirty-one adolescents with asthma (13.7±0.9 years; 21.9±3.9 kg·m?2; 19 boys, 12 girls) and thirty-three healthy adolescents (13.8±0.9 years; 20.3±3.2 kg·m?2; 16 boys, 17 girls) completed an incremental ramp test and three heavy-intensity constant-work-rate cycle tests. Thirteen adolescents (7 boys, 6 girls; 6 asthma, 7 control) completed six-months high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and were compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Standard time-domain, frequency-domain and non-linear indices of HRV were derived at baseline, three- and six-months.Asthma did not influence HRV at baseline or following HIIT. Total power, low frequency and normalised low frequency power, and sympathovagal balance increased at three-months in HIIT, subsequently declining towards baseline at six-months. Normalised high frequency power was reduced at three-months in both groups, which was sustained at six-months. No effects of HIIT were observed in the time-domain nor in the non-linear indices.HRV was not influenced by asthma, potentially because such derangements are a function of disease progression, severity or duration. HIIT may be associated with a short-term shift towards greater sympathetic predominance during exercise, perhaps caused by physiological overload and fatigue. 相似文献
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Abstract In this study, we determined the specificity of a low frequency taekwondo training programme on physical fitness levels in adolescent females who receive limited physical education instruction (i.e. 2 days per week). Major components of physical fitness assessed were: skeletal muscle fitness (hand grip strength, bent arm hang, standing long jump, and isokinetic strength), flexibility (sit-and-reach test), speed and agility (10 × 5-m shuttle run), and cardiovascular fitness ([Vdot]O 2max and 20-m shuttle run). Changes in body composition were also assessed (dual X-ray absorptiometry, DXA). Participants were divided into two groups, a taekwondo training group (n = 21), which trained 50 min a day, 2 days per week for 12 weeks, and a control group (n = 10). Taekwondo training improved isokinetic strength, standing long jump, and sit-and-reach performance. Body fat mass and percent body fat were reduced. No changes in grip strength, bent arm hang time, speed and agility, or cardiorespiratory fitness were observed. Results indicate that low frequency taekwondo training in adolescent females produces beneficial changes in skeletal muscle fitness, flexibility, and body composition in a relatively short period of time. Consequently, this specific type of training can be useful to female adolescents in structured school environments where physical education classes are limited and there is little free time for physical activity. 相似文献
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主要采用文献资料法，对国内外以学校为基础的青少年儿童体力活动干预研究进行综述。结果发现：（1）青少年儿童时期是身体健康发育的关键时期，以学校为基础的干预策略是一种比较有效的方式。（2）国内外的干预策略都比较注重干预的系统化，但发起单位不同。（3）国外注重的是学生参与的自主性，注重手段的多样化，关注学生长期的健康行为和生活方式的改善；国内则更加关注的是学生体力活动的内容，强调学生身体活动的时间保证，运动负荷的保障，突出干预的针对性，干预后的效果也较为明显。 相似文献
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Timo Rantalainen Arto J. Pesola Matthew Quittner Nicola D. Ridgers Daniel L. Belavy 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(16):1793-1800
The World Health Organisation’s (WHO) physical activity guidelines recommend 150min/week of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) accumulated in 10 min bouts. To see whether people performing habitual exercise for recreation meet these guidelines, 25 long-distance runners [mean 67 km/wk], 25 joggers [mean 28 km/wk], and 20 sedentary adults wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer for 7 days. Sedentary time and bouts were similar in runners and sedentary adults (p > 0.46). Sedentary adults performed 20 ± 16 min/day of MVPA (usual bout duration (W50%): 9.53 ± 3.45min), with joggers and runners performing 45 ± 31min (W50%: 16.92 ± 9.53min) and 83 ± 58min (W50%: 20.35 ± 8.85min), respectively (p ≤ 0.001 versus sedentary group). Data showed that 65% of the sedentary group, 32% of joggers and 4% of long-distance runners did not meet the WHO guideline for MVPA. Failure to meet the guideline was most prominent in, but not restricted to, runners who reported ≤50km running per week. Self-reported running does not ensure adults meet physical activity guidelines or offset daily sedentary behaviours. On the other hand, the sedentary group was very close in accumulating recommended bouts of MVPA in incidental activities. Future studies should assess whether modification of work and leisure physical activity would be more fruitful than encouraging recreational exercise per se in meeting physical activity guidelines. 相似文献
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目的:研究有氧运动对不同程度肥胖青少年形态、机能、糖脂代谢及身体素质的影响,探索非医疗运动手段治疗青少年肥胖的可行性方法。方法:招募50名13~19岁肥胖青少年,依据BMI值分别纳入中度或重度肥胖组,每组25人。两组受试者进行6周有氧运动(5days/week,50min/day),在运动前、运动3周和6周后分别测试受试者的身体形态、基础生理机能、糖脂代谢和身体素质等指标,并对以上数据进行统计学分析。结果:3周和6周运动均显著降低两肥胖组的体重、BMI、腰围、臀围、脂肪量、体脂率、血脂、甘油三酷、血清胰岛素水平和胰岛素抵抗指数(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),下调重度肥胖组的低密度脂蛋白水平(P＜ 0.01),提高两组肺活量、肺活量指数和50 m跑、俯卧撑、坐位体前屈成绩(P＜ 0.05);6周运动还能进一步提高两组的1 000 m跑、平衡能力以及重度肥胖组的瘦体重和高密度脂蛋白水平(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),下调两组的基础代谢率(P＜0.05)。结论:3周有氧运动就能有效改善肥胖青少年的体质健康,运动改善体质健康的效应呈时间依赖性增加的模式,并且重度肥胖者相比中度肥胖者对有氧运动更加敏感。 相似文献
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Julia Daeggelmann Vanessa Rustler Katharina Eckert Vivian Kramp Sandra Stoessel Wilhelm Bloch Freerk T Baumann 《Sportwissenschaft》2018,48(3):387-394
Most childhood cancer survivors are insufficiently active. Researchers are focusing on strategies to increase physical activity (PA). However, a detailed understanding of participation in specific types of PA is missing, meaning current strategies may lack relevant information. Thus, our study sought to analyze participation in different types of PA commonly engaged in by children: organized sports, physical education in school (PES), therapeutic exercise, and non-organized leisure-time PA. Thirty-eight childhood cancer outpatients and 51 healthy children completed questionnaires. Compared to healthy children, childhood cancer outpatients, especially those who are shortly after cessation of inpatient treatment, participated significantly less often in organized sports and PES and significantly more often in therapeutic exercise compared to the healthy children. Considering organized sports and PES afford children unique social benefits and provide the potential to motivate lifelong activity, future efforts should be placed on ensuring children with cancer can access these types of PA. Educating parents, teachers, and coaches, exploring referral pathways to exercise professionals and providing individual support may enhance participation rates in organized PA and should be investigated. 相似文献
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儿童和青少年时期是个体整个生命周期内身心发展最为关键的阶段,肌肉力量作为反映个体健康水平的重要维度,越来越得到人们的重视。不同国家和机构发布的公共卫生指南在鼓励儿童和青少年积极参加有氧活动的基础上,相继提出了关于强化肌肉骨骼健康的倡议。总体而言,肌肉力量的发展与表达始终伴随着生长和成熟,本文旨在从生长发育视角,对儿童和青少年肌肉力量的自然性发展进行评述,以期为儿童和青少年人群量身定制合理的运动计划,尤其是系统的抗阻训练方案提供参考和依据。 相似文献
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Ann Knocke 《Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal》2012,23(3):46-48
Aerobic exercise and resistance training have been proven to be beneficial for patients with heart failure. Current reimbursement guidelines exclude these patients from our traditional cardiac rehabilitation program, so at Newton Wellesley Hospital a clinic model was developed for the disease management and exercise of heart failure patients.Key Words: heart failure, physical therapy, exercise 相似文献
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The purpose of the study was to investigate the current use of blood flow restriction (BFR) by practitioners during exercise/training. A questionnaire was developed and data were obtained from 250 participants, with 115 stating that they had prescribed BFR as an intervention. The most common exercise intervention used in combination with BFR was resistance exercise (99/115), followed by during passive (30/115) conditions, and during aerobic exercise (22/115). The main outcome measure for using the technique was to increase muscle mass (32.6%) followed by rehabilitation from injury (24.2%). Over half of respondents (57.4%) reported that they did not use the same cuff widths for the lower body and upper body, with varying final restriction pressures also being utilised during each different exercise modality. Most practitioners performed the technique for ~10 min each training session, 1–4 times per week. Eighty percent of practitioners rated the use of BFR as very good-excellent. The incidence rate of side effects was largest for delayed onset muscle soreness (39.2%), numbness (18.5%), fainting/dizziness (14.6%) and bruising (13.1%). These results indicate that the use of BFR training is widespread amongst practitioners; however, care should be taken to ensure that practice matches current research to ensure the safety of this technique. 相似文献
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Susan Berney Kimberley Haines Linda Denehy 《Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal》2012,23(1):19-25
A physiotherapist is part of the multidisciplinary team in most intensive care units in Australia. Physiotherapists are primary contact practitioners and use a comprehensive multisystem assessment that includes the respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal systems to formulate individualized treatment plans. The traditional focus of treatment has been the respiratory management of both intubated and spontaneously breathing patients. However, the emerging evidence of the longstanding physical impairment suffered by survivors of intensive care has resulted in physiotherapists re-evaluating treatment priorities to include exercise rehabilitation as a part of standard clinical practice. The goals of respiratory physiotherapy management are to promote secretion clearance, maintain or recruit lung volume, optimize oxygenation, and prevent respiratory complications in both the intubated and spontaneously breathing patient. In the intubated patient, physiotherapists commonly employ manual and ventilator hyperinflation and positioning as treatment techniques whilst in the spontaneously breathing patients there is an emphasis on mobilization. Physiotherapists predominantly use functional activities for the rehabilitation of the critically ill patient in intensive care. While variability exists between states and centers, Australian physiotherapists actively treat critically ill patients targeting interventions based upon research evidence and individualized assessment. A trend toward more emphasis on exercise rehabilitation over respiratory management is evident.Key Words: physiotherapy, intensive care 相似文献
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João Elias Dias Nunes Heitor Santos Cunha Zulmária Rezende Freitas Ana Maria Caixeta Nogueira Ana Raimunda Dâmaso Foued Salmen Espindola 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(10):945-950
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of interdisciplinary therapy in the parameters of the oxidative stress and the anti-inflammatory responses of obese adolescents. We selected 57 participants, who were randomly divided into 2 groups: interdisciplinary therapy group and a control group. After 6 months of intervention, 17 participants of the interdisciplinary therapy group and 8 of the control group returned for re-evaluation. The interdisciplinary therapy group participated in a treatment with 4 weekly sessions of exercise, a weekly group therapy session and a weekly nutritional education session. Blood parameters of oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory response were evaluated. The results demonstrated that there were significant increases in the interdisciplinary therapy group for superoxide dismutase activity (6.56 ± 3.22 to 11.40 ± 7.49) and ferric-reducing antioxidant potential concentration (532.91 ± 106.48 to 573.25 ± 112.57), although adiponectin levels did not reduce (40.9 ± 29.34 to 49.05 ± 41.22). A significant decrease in nitrite levels was also found (14.23 ± 8.48 to 11.45 ± 6.05). In the control group, significant reduction was found in adiponectin (31.56 ± 18.88 to 18.01 ± 11.66). This study suggests that interdisciplinary therapy for 6 months was effective in improving the anti-inflammatory responses and the antioxidant defences in obese adolescents. 相似文献
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Peter Ueblacker Lutz Haensel Hans-Wilhelm Mueller-Wohlfahrt 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(24):2329-2337
ABSTRACTMuscle injuries are frequent and represent one of the most substantial medical problems in professional football. They can have both traumatic and overuse causes with direct practical consequence due to differences in terms of the post-primary care regimen and prognosis. An accurate diagnosis is the first step towards a specific treatment and usually allows to predict return to play (RTP). Current treatment principles have no firm scientific basis; they are practiced largely as empirical medicine due to a lack of prospective randomised studies. Immediate treatment usually follows the PRICE-principle (protection, rest, ice, compression, elevation). Depending on the type of the muscle injury, specific physical and physiotherapeutical procedures as well as rehabilitative exercises and gradual training therapy are used to recondition the injured structure, to restore coordination and proprioception, and to normalise movement patterns. Injection therapy with various substances is frequently used, with positive results empirically, but evidence in form of prospective randomised studies is lacking. A precise rehabilitation plan should be developed for every muscle injury, including recommendations for sport-specific training with increasing intensity. Since there are no guidelines regarding safe RTP, regular follow-up examinations on the current muscle status are crucial to evaluate the progress made in terms of healing and to determine when the injured muscle can be exposed to the next step of load. This narrative review describes the various factors that a medical team should consider during assessment, treatment and rehabilitation of a muscle injury with particular focus on professional football. 相似文献
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基于“中国教育追踪调查”(CEPS)数据,通过描述性统计分析、相关分析、构建最小二乘线性(OLS)回归模型、系数集束化分析等方法,分析同伴群体对我国青少年体育锻炼的影响,结果显示:①青少年体育锻炼中存在很强的同伴效应,该效应约为个体影响的80%,并大大超过家庭、班级和学校的影响;②同伴群体对青少年体育锻炼时间的影响具有明显的性别差异,是男生体育锻炼时间的最强影响因素,但对女生体育锻炼时间的影响弱于个体、班级和学校效应;③异性好友对青少年、特别是男生体育锻炼时间的提升作用更大,对女生而言,独生子女相对非独生子女的体育锻炼时间显著增加。提出:相关青少年体育锻炼促进计划应充分考虑以上因素,通过对同伴群体的干预提升青少年身体活动水平。 相似文献