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1.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(4):315-321
AbstractWhile an increasing number of research is devoted to the understanding of placebo effects in sports, athletes' experiences with and attitudes towards the use of placebo for performance enhancement remain poorly understood. In this study, 79 elite athletes from different sports were surveyed on five issues related to placebo use in sports. Results showed that 47% of the athletes have experienced placebo effects in the past. A majority of the athletes (82%) thought that placebos could affect their sports performances. A wider use of placebos in sport settings was endorsed more by those who have experienced placebo effects in the past than those who did not (P = .005). Regardless of past experience with placebo, more than half of the athletes (53%) would accept an unknown but legitimate substance from the coach, and 67% of them would not mind a placebo-linked deception if that was effective. These findings confirm that most elite athletes believe in the power of placebos in enhancing sports performance, and those having a positive past experience exhibit slightly more favourable attitudes in contrast to those without such experiences. 相似文献
2.
Abstract This study examine 53 European elite deaf athletes for their family's hearing status, use of hearing aids, communication preference, education in integrated or segregated settings, family members' encouragement for participation in sports, coach preference (hearing or deaf), and conditions for competitive events with deaf or hearing athletes. These data were gathered through semi-structured interviews administered in the athlete's native language. Deaf athletes reported that when given the opportunity to compete with hearing athletes, it enhanced their opportunity for competition. Participating in sports with hearing athletes played an important role in the integration of deaf athletes into mainstream society. If adaptations to communication can be made in these integrated settings, the ability of deaf athletes to participate in such settings will increase. 相似文献
3.
随着散打运动员技战术水平的不断提高,散打竞赛规则的修改,在运动员实战能力和身体素质训练水平逐渐接近的情况下,散打运动员要想在比赛中取得胜利,靠单个技术动作已经很难战胜对手,而擅长组合动作的运动员往往能够发挥出较强的技术水平从而赢得比赛。文章运用文献资料研究方法并结合运动实践,对散打运动中拳腿组合训练的计划和实践进行了分析研究,以提高了散打运动的整体技术水平,推动散打运动的健康快速发展。 相似文献
4.
Pingwei Li Veerle De Bosscher Johan Pion Juanita R. Weissensteiner Jikkemien Vertonghen 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(4):550-559
Currently in the literature, there is a dearth of empirical research that confirms whether international junior success is a reliable predictor for future international senior success. Despite the uncertainty of the junior–senior relationship, federations and coaches still tend to use junior success as a predictor for long-term senior success. A range of former investigations utilising a retrospective lens has merely focused on success that athletes attained at junior level competitions. Success that was achieved at senior-level competitions but at a junior age was relatively ignored. This study explored to what extent international senior success can be predicted based on success that athletes achieved in either international junior level competitions (i.e. junior medalists) or senior competitions at a junior age (i.e. early achievers). The sample contains 4011 international male and female athletes from three combat sports (taekwondo, wrestling and boxing), who were born between 1974 and 1990 and participated in both international junior and senior-level competitions between 1990 and 2016. Gender and sport differences were compared. The results revealed that 61.4% of the junior medalists and 90.4% of the early achievers went on to win international medals at a senior age. Among the early achievers, 92.2% of the taekwondo athletes, 68.4% of the wrestling athletes and 37.9% of the boxing athletes could be reliably “predicted” to win international senior medals. The findings demonstrate that specific to the three combat sports examined, international junior success appears to be an important predictor to long-term international senior success. 相似文献
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采用文献资料法和专家访谈法,通过对辽宁省12所高校高水平运动队项目设置现状进行调查,旨在进一步优化高校高水平运动队整体项目布局。研究结果表明:建队目标、人才竞争、建队条件、招生政策是影响我省高校高水平运动队项目设置的重要因素。作者从明确目标定位、调控规模、统一布局、打造精品项目及创新高水平运动队发展模式共五个环节提出改革建议。 相似文献
6.
Leonardo S. Fortes José R. A. Nascimento-Júnior Arnaldo L. Mortatti Dalton Roberto Alvas Araújo de Lima-Júnior Maria E. C. Ferreira 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2018,89(3):332-339
It seems that dehydration may impair decision-making performance in athletes. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the influence of dehydration on passing decision-making performance in soccer players. Method: Participants were 40 male soccer players (Mage = 22.3 ± 2.3 years) who agreed to participate in the study and were randomly assigned to the following conditions: control (CON), dehydration (DEH), and euhydration (EUH). The players played in 2 games of 90 min in duration (2 45-min halves) followed by 2 15-min halves (overtime) with and without proper hydration. The Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI) was considered for the analysis of passing decision making. Results: The GPAI analysis indicated effective reduction in the decision-making index in the DEH condition compared with the EUH and CON conditions, F(2, 38) = 31.4, p < .05, ES = 0.8. Conclusions: In conclusion, dehydration may be considered a mediating factor in the passing decision-making performance of male soccer athletes. 相似文献
7.
This study examine 53 European elite deaf athletes for their family's hearing status, use of hearing aids, communication preference, education in integrated or segregated settings, family members' encouragement for participation in sports, coach preference (hearing or deaf), and conditions for competitive events with deaf or hearing athletes. These data were gathered through semi-structured interviews administered in the athlete's native language. Deaf athletes reported that when given the opportunity to compete with hearing athletes, it enhanced their opportunity for competition. Participating in sports with hearing athletes played an important role in the integration of deaf athletes into mainstream society. If adaptations to communication can be made in these integrated settings, the ability of deaf athletes to participate in such settings will increase. 相似文献
8.
散打比赛是同场格斗对抗性项目,对运动员的技术、体能、心理、智能都有很高要求.在基层训练中,很多教练过分重视技术和体能的训练,而忽视了对运动员智能的培养和训练.在技术和体能同等的情况下,运动员的心理和智能往往容易左右比赛的胜负.文章运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法对散打运动特点、散打运动智能的构成、运动智能在散打比赛中的重要性、散打运动智能的训练方法进行了论述,希望通过本研究为散打训练提供一定的借鉴,为散打理论的完善起到一定的帮助. 相似文献
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散手运动是两人按照一定的规则,运用武术中的踢打摔和相应的防守等技法进行徒手对抗的现代竞技体育项目,它是中国武术的重要组成部分.文章通过分析散手运动的拳打、脚踢、抱摔等运动特点,对散手运动员损伤的预防与处理方法作一初步探索,以期引起教练员、医务人员的高度重视. 相似文献
10.
Damir Zubac Tomislav Antelj Dragana Olujic Vladimir Ivancev Shawnda A. Morrison 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(8):719-726
This study investigated (i) the prevalence of hypohydration and (ii) association between urinary indices of hydration status and confounding factors (e.g., urine protein content, water intake) in elite youth boxers during their weight-stable phase before competition. Sixteen national champion boxers (all male, 17 ± 1 y) were measured on 3 occasions (baseline, day 3, day 10), 30-day prior to competition. Body mass, total body water, urine specific gravity (USG), osmolality (UOSM) and total protein content (TPC) were evaluated to determine hydration status and fluid balance. Overall macronutrient and water intake were assessed using dietary records. Both UOSM and USG increased from day 3 to day 10 by 16% and 0.4% (P < 0.001), despite athletes being in their weight-stability period, and regardless of ad libitum fluid intake. Hypohydration was universally prevalent among all athletes on both test days with USG: 1.027 ± 0.003 g · mL?1 and UOSM: 1035 ± 108 mOsmol · kg?1. An inverse association between mean UOSM values and mean water intake was observed (R = ?0.52, P = 0.04), while TPC was not associated with any urinary dehydration markers (USG, P = 0.51; UOSM, P = 0.61). The present outcomes find that the most prevalent urinary dehydration markers used to classify hydration status in competition exhibit large variability, even during weight-stable periods. 相似文献
11.
Implementation of a nutrition programme for team sports involves application of scientific research together with the social skills necessary to work with a sports medicine and coaching staff. Both field and court team sports are characterized by intermittent activity requiring a heavy reliance on dietary carbohydrate sources to maintain and replenish glycogen. Energy and substrate demands are high during pre-season training and matches, and moderate during training in the competitive season. Dietary planning must include enough carbohydrate on a moderate energy budget, while also meeting protein needs. Strength and power team sports require muscle-building programmes that must be accompanied by adequate nutrition, and simple anthropometric measurements can help the nutrition practitioner monitor and assess body composition periodically. Use of a body mass scale and a urine specific gravity refractometer can help identify athletes prone to dehydration. Sports beverages and caffeine are the most common supplements, while opinion on the practical effectiveness of creatine is divided. Late-maturing adolescent athletes become concerned about gaining size and muscle, and assessment of maturity status can be carried out with anthropometric procedures. An overriding consideration is that an individual approach is needed to meet each athlete's nutritional needs. 相似文献
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Peter A. Hastie 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):158-166
Abstract The purpose of this study was to gauge the extent to which students believed that the accountability strategies employed by their coaches had significant effects on their involvement in sports training sessions. Questionnaire data from 235 secondary school athletes were analyzed using linear structural relations to test a model of accountability hypothesized as operating in these coaching settings. The accountability strategy of active instruction was found to be a variable that significantly affected the students' valuing of their coaches as well as their task involvement. However, the rewards/consequences variable was not found to be a predictor of valuing or task involvement, suggesting that these athletes seemed more task oriented than reliant on external sanctions. The results of this study can only be generalized to team sport settings. Detailed examination needs to be made of the processes through which accountability factors operate for other contexts, including individual sports and competitive levels. Further research could also be undertaken into gender differences, especially in relation to the gender of coaches. 相似文献
14.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(5):329-336
Abstract Aspects of team players' performance are negatively affected when ~ 2% body mass is lost by perspiration. Although such dehydration is likely reached during summer practice in outdoors sports, it is unclear if such dehydration is achieved during the practice of indoor sports. We assessed the fluid and electrolyte deficits of elite team players during practice for the following indoor sports: indoor soccer (n=9), basketball (n=11), volleyball (n=10), and handball (n=13). Morning hydration status was estimated by measuring urine specific gravity. Sweat rate was calculated from body mass changes and fluid intake. Sweat sodium concentration from the forearm was used to estimate whole-body sodium losses. Over 91% of the players were moderately hypohydrated (urine specific gravity>1.020) at waking 3 h before practice. Indoor soccer players sweated at a higher rate (1.8 litres · h?1) than volleyball and handball players (1.2 and 1.1 litres · h?1, respectively; P<0.05), whereas sweat rate was not different between basketball players (1.5 litres · h?1) and the other team sport players (P>0.05). In average, 62±13% of sweat losses were replaced and teams' body mass loss did not exceed 1.2±0.3%. Sodium losses were similar among teams, averaging 1.2±0.2 g. The exercise fluid replacement habits of professional indoor team players are adequate to prevent 2% dehydration. However, most players could benefit from increasing fluid intake between workouts to offset the high prevalence of morning hypohydration. 相似文献
15.
The proliferation of sports science and technological innovation within performance settings has precipitated the generation of increasing volumes of data to aid athletes. Copious data production has also perpetuated the privileging of scientific information, and a ‘thirst’ for ‘more data’ as an unproblematic ‘truth’. Of significance is not merely the use of technology for the production of data-for-data's sake, or the utility of data for a greater cause (e.g. the good of the team), but the quest for personalised data for individual athletes to be analysed, and reflected upon ad nauseam. Furthering scholarship on disciplining bodies, we argue that increased technological consumption, and the related excessive quantification of athletes’ bodies via data production, adds further insecurity into performance sports work. Finally, attention is given to the cultural step-change new techno-dispositions may now present. 相似文献
16.
王一顺 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2010,(6):57-59
从收入与运动成绩、从事运动项目的影响力、自身价值等角度，对我国部分体育明星运动员收入的稳定性及年收入波动的影响因素进行分析，从而进行简单的运动员价值预估，探讨优秀运动员运动成绩与年收入的关系数据，为运动员的商业投资决策提供依据，为运动员投融资领域的一些研究提供参考。 相似文献
17.
防守反击技术在武术散打训练中实用性的研究分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章采用文献资料法、数理统计法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法等研究方法,对武术散打比赛防守反击技术的实战性表现形式以及影响防守反击技术的发挥因素,如何更好地使散打防守反击技术在比赛中得以运用,使之更具实战性三方面进行分析、研究。从研究结果可以看出散打运动员的技术动作、心理素质、实战经验对散打防守反击技术在比赛中的运用具有很重要的影响。因此,针对以上问题,我们必须加强运动员身体素质、技术动作和实战训练;注重战术思想的培养;注重运动员心理素质的训练。 相似文献
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该研究通过对当今篮球运动的运动特点及表达方式进行研究,从中探索篮球运动的运动特征、规律、训练理念偏差等,并以此为基础,对篮球运动训练进行4个方面的分析。第一,篮球运动训练理念是篮球运动训练者在身体力行、亲身试验操作的根本上,对篮球体育运动训练的内在价值和规律的体现。第二,加大篮球运动员的知识深度,加强篮球运动员的知识教育,使得运动员知识和训练相结合。第三,构建团队的凝聚力,建立共同的理想,培养团队的意识,坚定信念,调整心态,以平和的心态进行交流与沟通,以严格的态度训练,培养勇气。第四,通过实战来学习篮球提高篮球水平,简化,精准,快速,实战,提高运动员的基本能力;发展耐力,提高爆发力等。 相似文献
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目的：通过分析上海地区不同项群优秀青少年有氧能力,寻找不同项群有氧能力特点。方法：选择上海市2003—2014年一线、二线运动员测试数据库,从中筛选88名16岁以上男性,年龄为（17.5±1.2）岁,103名15岁以上女性,年龄为（16.4±1.1）岁,均为国家二级以上运动员,对其最大摄氧量绝对值和相对值进行统计分析,使用单因素方差分析以及Z分值等方法比较不同性别各项群间有氧运动能力特点。结果：耐力项群最大摄氧量绝对值显著高于隔网对抗（P＜0.05）与格斗对抗（P＜0.01）。男性各项群间最大摄氧量相对值无显著差异;女性耐力项群最大摄氧量相对值显著高于同场对抗（P＜0.01）、隔网对抗（P＜0.01）与格斗对抗（P＜0.01）;女性同场对抗项群最大摄氧量相对值显著高于格斗对抗（P＜0.05）。结论：耐力项群最大摄氧量绝对值高于其他项群;体能主导类项群最大摄氧量相对值高于技能主导类项群;同场对抗项群最大摄氧量绝对值优于相对值,其余项群最大摄氧量相对值和绝对值同步。为科学训练提供有力数据支持,教练员可以结合项群有氧运动能力特点,判断运动员的有氧工作能力水平,从而针对性地制定训练计划,提高整体竞技水平。 相似文献