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1.
李博  刘阳 《体育科学》2022,(4):31-42
目的：儿童基本动作技能（fundamental motor skill,FMS）测量是体育素养评价的重要组成部分,是评估、诊断、监控个体动作发展的重要指标。依据经典测量理论和动作发展理论,结合我国的语言和文化背景,研发基于体育素养评价的我国儿童基本动作技能测试体系,该体系具有简洁高效、操作性强等特点,适用于测量我国儿童的群体情况。方法：应用德尔菲法建构3～5岁和6～9岁2套儿童基本动作技能测试体系;应用测试法对651名中国上海儿童进行测量体系的可行性、信度和效度进行验证。结果：3～5岁阶段分测试项包括：10 m往返跑、双脚连续跳、踢球过障碍物、单手塞硬币、走平衡木、单脚站立;6～9岁阶段分测试项包括：侧向滑步跑、单脚连续跳、踢球过障碍物、原地换手拍球、走平衡木、倒退走直线。可行性验证中各年龄儿童的测试成绩随年龄增加而提升（P<0.05）。重测信度系数分布为0.66～0.94;内部一致性信度系数分别为0.66和0.62。结构效度中验证性因子分析的结果表明2个年龄段的模型均适配良好;同时效度显示不同年龄的分测试项有95.24%的指标与美国粗大动作发展测试（TGMD-3）存在显著相关关...  相似文献   

2.
目的: 验证TGMD-3在中国3~12岁儿童基本运动技能测试中的可靠性和有效性。方法: 选取上海、深圳、重庆、洛阳、长沙的512名3~12岁儿童为研究对象进行TGMD-3测试,对测试的难度、区分度、一致性信度、重测信度和评价者信度、结构效度进行统计检验。结果: TGMD-3的13个项目难度范围为0.27~0.78,区分度范围为0.38~0.49。每个年龄组儿童基本运动技能测试(TGMD-3)的内部一致性系数范围为0.808~0.902,其中男女生的内部一致性系数均为0.95;总体的基本运动技能评价者信度(肯德尔协同系数)w为0.944, 2值为28.331,达到显著性水平;重测检验中,移动式运动技能(组内相关系数)ICC为0.755、球类运动技能(组内相关系数)ICC为0.741、总的基本运动技能(组内相关系数)ICC为0.743,均达到了较高水平。通过探索性因子分析验证了TGMD-3的双因子结构,并通过验证性因子分析支持双因子模型(χ2(64)=103.28,p<0.001,CFI=0.960,TLI=0.952,RMSEA=0.049,SRMR=0.043)。结论: TGMD-3儿童基本运动技能测试具有良好的项目难度、区分度,以及可靠的内部一致性信度、重测信度和结构效度,对我国3~12岁儿童具有良好的适用性,可以作为我国儿童基本运动技能发展评价的有效工具。  相似文献   

3.
采用大肌肉动作发展测试量表(TGMD-2),对山东省511名3-10岁男女儿童进行实验研究,对所测数据进行统计处理,并进行对比分析.研究结果表明:3～10岁男女儿童大肌肉动作的发展能力随年龄的增长不断提高,各个动作发展的幅度和速率存在差别,呈波浪式增长;位移动作发展好于物体控制能力的发展;跑、侧滑步、踢球动作的动作发展情况较好,击固定球和上手投球动作发展情况相对较差.  相似文献   

4.
《湖北体育科技》2020,(7):608-614
目的对现有的幼儿粗大动作发展测量工具(TGMD-3)进行改良,补充稳定性动作测试内容并检验稳定性动作进入新模型后的信效度。方法通过文献资料、德尔菲法、测试法等。结果 1)最终确定了3个稳定性动作测试项目:单脚平衡、侧向滚动、登高跳跃,这3个项目具有较好的信效度;2)新模型的难度和区分度适宜(0.35～0.59,D=0.40),重测信度(r=0.91～0.96)、修正后的内部一致性(Crobanch's α=0.718～0.793)、评分者间信度(r=0.91～0.93)较好,修正模型CFA结果显示结构效度良好;3)改良后的幼儿粗大动作发展评价工具包括移动性、操作性和稳定性3个分量表。结论改良后的幼儿粗大动作发展评价工具具有较好的信效度,适合应用于国内3～6岁幼儿粗大动作发展评估。  相似文献   

5.
目的研究旨在比较核心动作经验教学与传统体育活动教学对学前儿童大肌肉动作发展水平的差异,为幼儿园、家庭与社会对促进学前儿童动作发展提供指导策略。方法通过教学实验法,将120名受试儿童随机分为实验组与对照组进行动作教学干预,对照组进行传统体育教学内容干预。结果 (1)动作教学干预后,实验组受试儿童大肌肉动作发展水平总分、移动性技能得分、操作性技能得分较实验前测均显著提高(P<0.01),实验组各年龄段单项动作技能得分都有明显提高,提高幅度较均衡。(2)经独立样本t检验,实验组与对照组大肌肉动作发展水平实验前测无显著差异(P>0.05)。实验后测,实验组大肌肉动作发展总体水平显著优于对照组(P<0.01),其中实验组比对照组操作性技能的提高幅度更为显著(P<0.05)。结论以动作体系为依据的教学能够有效地提高学前儿童大肌肉动作发展水平;动作教学对促进学前儿童大肌肉动作发展的效果明显优于传统体育教学;大肌肉动作发展测试第3版(TGMD-3)在研究中表现出较好的信效度。  相似文献   

6.
运用美国的评价儿童基本运动技能测试工具——大肌肉动作发展测试第二版(TGMD-2),对山东省济南市随机抽取的3～10岁的629名儿童(平均6.612.22岁)进行测试,并将结果与美国测试手册进行比较研究,发现济南市儿童操作性运动技能中踢球和地滚球动作的熟练性与美国儿童相差无几,而击固定球、上手投球、双手接球和原地拍球动作的熟练性远低于美国儿童.通过对每个动作具体评价标准的得分情况与美国常模样本进行比较,发现了济南儿童与美国儿童的具体差距,并为体育教学提出一定建议,以弥补济南市体育教学的不足,以期为我国儿童基本运动技能评价体系的建立做出贡献.  相似文献   

7.
儿童是形成并发展多种基本动作技能的关键期.运用美国大肌肉动作发展测试第二版(TGMD-2)对我国山东省济南市随机抽取的1 046名3～10岁的儿童(平均6.6±2.07岁)进行测试,将结果与美国常模进行对比,同时结合香港和巴西儿童基本动作技能发展情况进行比较研究.结果显示:济南市3～10岁儿童的移动和控制物体能力随着年龄的增长逐步提高,且移动能力的发展要好于物体控制能力的发展;位移动作中,跑、立定跳远、侧滑步和跨跳的表现较好,而单脚跳表现相对较差;物体控制动作中,踢球动作表现较好,原地拍球和上手投球的表现较差;位移动作技能发展整体上要好于美国儿童,只是达到优秀水平的儿童较少;物体控制动作发展水平达到优秀的极少,大部分处于平均及以下的水平,发展出现迟缓的儿童达到了62.33％;整体上儿童基本动作技能发展优秀的太少(0.9％),处于平均水平的儿童相对较多(58.59％),而发展滞后(处于平均水平之下)的人数也相对较多(38.05％).  相似文献   

8.
目的:对立定跳远教学进行干预,采用儿童大肌肉群动作发展测试量表(以下简称TGMD-2量表)进行过程性测量,观察干预教学对儿童立定跳远动作发展的影响,寻求发展儿童下肢大肌肉群的有效途径。方法:1)干预前后使用TGMD-2量表对学生立定跳远动作进行评分,并测量远度,进行比较;2)对实验组立定跳远教学进行干预,对照组不做干预。结果:实验组立定跳远评分与远度测量显著提高;对照组评分显著下降,远度测量上升。结论:1)运动干预可以促进儿童立定跳远动作发展;2)儿童动作发展成熟之前可采用TGMD-2量表进行过程性评价。  相似文献   

9.
目的旨在研究学龄儿童基本动作技能测试工具AST在国内使用的理论基础与可行性,通过测试技术操作和数据分析实证该测量工具的可信度、有效性与经济性。方法通过实验测试、数理统计等方法验证AST和KTK测量工具的信效度,通过转换后的大肌肉动作协调能力商数(KTKMQ)校标基本动作技能AST测试的同时效度和区别效度。结果受试儿童年龄为7~12岁,平均在(44±11) s的时间完成了AST-1全程测试,在(45±12) s的时间完成了AST-2全程测试;AST-1测试成绩与KTKMQ的相关系数r=0.474(P<0.01),而AST-2测试成绩与KTKMQ呈现中度相关系数r=0.502(P<0.01);除7岁年龄组的AST-2测试与KTKMQ相关性较低外,其他年龄组的相关性均较高(r=0.469和r=0.767)。结论小学学段的体育教学环境中AST测试工具可以快速、便捷、有效的评估儿童的基本动作技能;运动技能轨道AST测量工具在本次研究中表现出较强的测试适宜性,具有重测信度;各年龄组测量结果的区分度和测试项目的鉴别力验证了测量工具的同时效度和区别效度。  相似文献   

10.
目的基于肌肉等长收缩原理,设计研发一款数字化等长肌肉收缩功能检测系统,并对其信度及效度进行研究,验证测试系统的信度和效度。方法 13名大学生经同一检测者2次使用等长肌力测试系统,进行最大力量测试,测试间隔时间1周,使用组内相关系数(ICC)对结果进行信度分析;采用独立样本t检验对校标后,肘、膝不同力臂位置测量值与固定载荷(小、中、大)进行效度检验。结果信度检验结果表明,除膝关节右侧伸肌第1次与第2次相关系数低于0.75,为0.695,其它相关系数均在0.75以上;效度检验结果表明,除肘关节伸肌力臂位置27 cm实测值与固定载荷150 N之间存在显著性差异外(P<0.05),肘关节屈肌力量及膝关节屈、伸肌力量力臂位置实测值与大、中、小固定载荷之间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论研究设计研发的等长肌力测试系统具有较好的重测信度及效度,可实现对肘膝关节肌肉力量的精确测量,同时具有实时性的特点。  相似文献   

11.
The purpose of the study was to develop a valid and reliable tool for use in assessing motor skills in preschool children in field based settings. The development of the CHAMPS (Children's Activity and Movement in Preschool Study) Motor Skills Protocol (CMSP) included evidence of its reliability and validity for use in field-based environments as part of large epidemiological studies. Following pilot work, 297 children (3-5 years old) from 22 preschools were tested using the final version of the CMSP and the TGMD-2. Reliability of the CMSP and interobserver reliability were determined using intraclass correlation procedures (ICC; ANOVA). Concurrent validity was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients to compare the CMSP to the original Test of Gross Motor Development (2(nd) Edition) (TGMD-2). Results indicated that test reliability, interobserver reliability and validity coefficients were all high, generally above R/r = 0.90. Significant age differences were found. Outcomes indicate that the CMSP is an appropriate tool for assessing motor development of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children in field-based settings that are consistent with large-scale trials.  相似文献   

12.
This study compared performances and motor delay classifications for the Test of Gross Motor Development-2nd edition (TGMD-2) and the Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK) in a sample of 424 healthy children (47% girls) between 5 and 10 years of age. Low-to-moderate correlations (r range = 0.34–0.52) were found between assessments across age. In general, both boys and girls demonstrated higher raw scores across age groups. However, percentile scores indicated younger children outperformed older children, denoting a normative percentile-based decrease in motor competence (MC) in the older age groups. In total, the TGMD-2 and KTK classified 39.4% and 18.4% children, respectively, as demonstrating very low MC (percentile ≤5). In conclusion, the TGMD-2 classified significantly more children with motor delays than the KTK and the differences between children’s motor skill classification levels by these assessments became greater as the age groups increased. Therefore, the TGMD-2 may demonstrate more susceptibility to sociocultural influences and be more influenced by cumulative motor experiences throughout childhood. Low-to-moderate correlations between assessments also suggest the TGMD-2 and KTK may measure different aspects of MC. As such, it may be important to use multiple assessments to comprehensively assess motor competence.  相似文献   

13.
The Test of Gross Motor Development – Second Edition (TGMD-2) is a widely used evaluation tool of children’s fundamental motor skills (FMS). This study illustrates how exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) addresses current limitations associated with TGMD-2 factor structure. Using the normative dataset from the TGMD-2 manual, we test alternative measurement models using ESEM and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and assess measurement invariance between boys and girls and across age. Findings highlight complexity and poor discriminant validity in the two-factor solution that is accentuated when relying on CFA independent clusters assumption. Results also demonstrate differential item functioning (DIF) across age for three of the 12 TGMD-2 indicators. Taken together, this study provides valuable information on the need to reevaluate the TGMD-2 factor structure and can guide revisions for the third edition of the TGMD.  相似文献   

14.
Failure to master age-appropriate fundamental movement skills (FMS) at a young age can limit motor skill competence affecting health. Assessments often have issues with feasibility and implementation in a field setting. As such, the purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and feasibility of the Athletic Skills Track (AST), in a pre-school setting. For the validation study sixty-five 3–6 year old children (25 boys and 40 girls) from five pre-schools across Adelaide, Australia participated. Correlations and linear regression analysis (adjusted for age and gender) were used to investigate the association between the time to complete the AST and the raw score of the Test of Gross Motor Development 2 (TGMD-2). For the feasibility study pre-school staff completed a semi-structured interview regarding the feasibility of the AST. The AST took less than a minute per child and the TGMD-2 around 20 minutes for two children. There was a strong negative correlation (r = ?0.63, p < 0.01) between the AST scores and the TGMD-2 scores. All five staff reported strengths of the AST to be its short administration time, setup and appropriateness. These results suggest that the AST could be a feasible and valid method of FMS assessment in Australian pre-schools.  相似文献   

15.
Process-oriented motor competence (MC) assessments evaluate how a movement is performed. Product-oriented assessments evaluate the outcome of a movement. Determining the concurrent validity of process and product assessments is important to address the predictive utility of motor competence for health. The current study aimed to: (1) compare process and product assessments of the standing long jump, hop and throw across age groups and (2) determine the capacity of process assessments to classify levels of MC. Participants included 170 children classified into three age groups: 4–5, 7–8 and 10–11 years old. Participants’ skills were examined concurrently using three process assessments ((Test of Gross Motor Development-2nd edition [TGMD-2]), Get Skilled; Get Active, and developmental sequences) and one product measure (throw speed, jump and hop distance). Results indicate moderate to strong correlations between (1) process assessments across skills and age groups (r range = .37–70) and (2) process and product assessments across skills and age groups (r range = .26–.88). In general, sensitivity to detect advanced skill level is lowest for TGMD-2 and highest for developmental sequences for all three skills. The use of process and product assessments is suggested to comprehensively capture levels of MC in human movement.  相似文献   

16.
ABSTRACT

Fundamental movement skills (FMS) are the basic building blocks of more advanced, complex movements required to participate in physical activity. This study examined FMS proficiency across the full range of Irish primary school children (n = 2098, 47% girls, age range 5–12 years). Participants were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development, 3rd edition (TGMD-3), Victorian Fundamental Movement skills manual, and the balance subtest from the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 2 (BOT-2). Independent sample t-tests and a one way between groups ANOVA with planned comparisons were used analyse sex and age differences. Mastery or near mastery of skills ranged from 16% for overhand throw, to 75.3% for run. Girls scored significantly higher than boys in the locomotor and balance subtests with the boys outperforming the girls in object control skills. Improvements in ability can be seen over time (F(8,1968) = 70.18, p < 0.001), with significant increases in FMS proficiency seen up to the age of 10, after which proficiency begins to decline. The findings demonstrate the low levels of FMS proficiency amongst Irish primary school children, the differences between sex that exist, and highlights the need for more programmes that focus on developing these FMS at an early age.  相似文献   

17.
Different countries have different methods for assessing movement competence in children; however, it is unclear whether the test batteries that are used measure the same aspects of movement competence. The aim of this paper was to (1) investigate whether the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) and Körperkoordinations Test für Kinder (KTK) measure the same aspects of children’s movement competence and (2) examine the factorial structure of the TGMD-2 and KTK in a sample of Australian children. A total of 158 children participated (M age = 9.5; SD = 2.2). First, confirmatory factor analysis examined the independent factorial structure of the KTK and TGMD-2. Second, it was investigated whether locomotor, object control and body coordination loaded on the latent variable Movement Competency. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated an adequate fit for both the KTK and TGMD-2. An adequate fit was also achieved for the final model. In this model, locomotor (r = .86), object control (r = .71) and body coordination (r = .52) loaded on movement competence. Findings support our hypothesis that the TGMD-2 and KTK measure discrete aspects of movement competence. Future researchers and practitioners should consider using a wider range of test batteries to assess movement competence.  相似文献   

18.
This study aimed to examine aspects of validity and reliability of the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) in Filipino children with intellectual disability. Content and construct validity were verified, as well as inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. Two paediatric physiotherapists tested 81 children with intellectual disability (mean age = 9.29 ± 2.71 years) on locomotor and object control skills. Analysis of covariance, confirmatory factor analysis and analysis of variance were used to test validity, while Cronbach’s alpha, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland–Altman plots were used to examine reliability. Age was a significant predictor of locomotor and object control scores (P = 0.004). The data fit the hypothesised two-factor model with fit indices as follows: χ2 = 33.525, DF = 34, P = 0.491, χ2/DF = 0.986. As hypothesised, gender was a significant predictor for object control skills (P = 0.038). Participants’ mean scores were significantly below mastery (locomotor, P < 0.001; object control, P < 0.001). Cronbach’s alpha was 0.830 for locomotor and 0.792 for object control components. ICC for locomotor and object control scores ranged from 0.995 to 0.998, suggesting excellent intra-rater and inter-rater reliability, confirmed by Bland–Altman analysis. This study provides evidence of sufficient content and construct validity, internal consistency and rater reliability of TGMD-2 for Filipino children with intellectual disability.  相似文献   

19.
Relationships between skeletal maturation and fundamental motor skills and gross motor coordination were evaluated in 429 children (213 boys and 216 girls) 7–10 years. Skeletal age was assessed (Tanner-Whitehouse 2 method), and stature, body mass, motor coordination (Körperkoordinations Test für Kinder, KTK) and fundamental motor skills (Test of Gross Motor Development, TGMD-2) were measured. Relationships among chronological age, skeletal age (expressed as the standardised residual of skeletal age on chronological age) and body size and fundamental motor skills and motor coordination were analysed with hierarchical multiple regression. Standardised residual of skeletal age on chronological age interacting with stature and body mass explained a maximum of 7.0% of the variance in fundamental motor skills and motor coordination over that attributed to body size per se. Standardised residual of skeletal age on chronological age alone accounted for a maximum of 9.0% of variance in fundamental motor skills, and motor coordination over that attributed to body size per se and interactions between standardised residual of skeletal age on chronological age and body size. In conclusion, skeletal age alone or interacting with body size has a negligible influence on fundamental motor skills and motor coordination in children 7–10 years.  相似文献   

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