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1.
Optimum release angle in the shot put 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Linthorne NP 《Journal of sports sciences》2001,19(5):359-372
The aim of the study was to assess the accuracy of a method of calculating the optimum release angle in the shot put. Using the proposed method, the optimum release angle that produces the greatest flight distance is calculated by combining the equation for the range of a projectile in free flight with the relations between release speed, release height and release angle for the athlete. The method was evaluated using measurements of five college shot-putters who performed maximum-effort throws over a wide range of release angles. When the athletes threw with high release angles, the shot was released from a greater height above the ground and with a lower release speed. For all five athletes, the calculated optimum release angle was in good agreement with the athlete's preferred release angle. Each athlete had his own specific optimum release angle because of individual differences in the rate of decrease in release speed with increasing release angle. Simple models of shot-putting were developed to explain the relations between release speed, height and angle in terms of the anthropometric and strength characteristics of the athlete. 相似文献
2.
In this study, we found that the optimum take-off angle for a long jumper may be predicted by combining the equation for the range of a projectile in free flight with the measured relations between take-off speed, take-off height and take-off angle for the athlete. The prediction method was evaluated using video measurements of three experienced male long jumpers who performed maximum-effort jumps over a wide range of take-off angles. To produce low take-off angles the athletes used a long and fast run-up, whereas higher take-off angles were produced using a progressively shorter and slower run-up. For all three athletes, the take-off speed decreased and the take-off height increased as the athlete jumped with a higher take-off angle. The calculated optimum take-off angles were in good agreement with the athletes' competition take-off angles. 相似文献
3.
Nicholas P Linthorne Maurice S Guzman Lisa A Bridgett 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):703-712
In this study, we found that the optimum take-off angle for a long jumper may be predicted by combining the equation for the range of a projectile in free flight with the measured relations between take-off speed, take-off height and take-off angle for the athlete. The prediction method was evaluated using video measurements of three experienced male long jumpers who performed maximum-effort jumps over a wide range of take-off angles. To produce low take-off angles the athletes used a long and fast run-up, whereas higher take-off angles were produced using a progressively shorter and slower run-up. For all three athletes, the take-off speed decreased and the take-off height increased as the athlete jumped with a higher take-off angle. The calculated optimum take-off angles were in good agreement with the athletes' competition take-off angles. 相似文献
4.
Linthorne NP Everett DJ 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2006,5(2):243-260
We investigated the release angle that maximizes the distance attained in a long soccer throw-in. One male soccer player performed maximum-effort throws using release angles of between 10 and 60 degrees, and the throws were analyzed using two-dimensional videography. The player's optimum release angle was calculated by substituting mathematical expressions for the measured relationships between release speed, release height and release angle into the equations for the flight of a spherical projectile. We found that the musculoskeletal structure of the player's body had a strong influence on the optimum release angle. When using low release angles the player released the ball with a greater release speed and, because the range of a projectile is strongly dependent on the release speed, this bias toward low release angles reduced the optimum release angle to about 30 degrees. Calculations showed that the distance of a throw may be increased by a few metres by launching the ball with a fast backspin, but the ball must be launched at a slightly lower release angle. 相似文献
5.
选定进入2013年全国田径大奖赛（苏州站）女子铅球决赛运动员巩立姣最后用力阶段技术为研究对象,研究结果显示：右侧技术中,右踝关节蹬伸比较积极,右膝角幅度大整个右侧各关节伸展比较充分;左侧技术中,左膝角偏小,蹬伸幅度、左膝关节缓冲幅度与世界优秀运动员一致;最后用力阶段各环节特征技术中,左脚着地瞬间身体重心速度、右髋速度、右肩速度都低于3位优秀运动员,而铅球出手瞬间右肩速度、右肘速度较强,另外最后用力出手瞬间,出手高度和出手速度都低于我国3位世界级优秀运动员相应指标。 相似文献
6.
铅球飞行参数即时反馈系统的研制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
"铅球飞行参数即时反馈系统"利用减影技术,用两个CCD窄缝像机,对铅球飞行轨迹上的两个点的高度与时间实现了实时检测。在给定出手高度的条件下,计算机分别计算出铅球的出手角度、出手速度、最佳出手角度等飞行参数,然后提供一个角度大于或偏于最佳出手角的反馈信息。下一次投掷时,系统能够根据上一次投掷的情况给运动员提供一个建议,即出手角度应该高一点或低一点。实验研究表明,该系统能够做到实时检测、实时反馈,是一台运动员技术训练的理想辅助器材,该设备尤其适合于具有较高水平的铅球运动员。 相似文献
7.
我国部分优秀男子铅球运动员最后用力阶段某些运动学参数分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析与诊断男子背向滑步推铅球最后用力阶段技术参数,对提高我国男子铅球运动水平具有重要意义.文章选定2004年"菲普莱杯"全国田径大奖系列赛(南京站)男子铅球比赛前6名运动员为研究对象,采用两台JVC9800高速摄像机以50?fps的速度同步拍摄,运用德国SIMI-motion录像解析系统进行图像解析.研究结果显示:最后用力阶段铅球出手速度、出手高度与国外优秀运动员有非常显著性差异,铅球出手角度与世界优秀运动员有显著性差异. 相似文献
8.
Young M Li L 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2005,4(2):131-148
The aim of this study was to determine if critical parameters for elite performance could be identified among a population of female shot putters. The performance of seven of the top women shot putters competing at the 2002 USA National Championships was examined. Video data were captured using two Panasonic 60 Hz cameras and the best throws of each athlete were digitized and analyzed using a Peak Motus three-dimensional motion analysis system. Thirty variables were examined for their effect on the distance of the throw. Correlation analysis indicated that measured distance was positively correlated with release speed (r = 0.97, p < 0.0003) and shoulder-hip separation (r = 0.72, p < 0.06) and negatively correlated with release angle (r = -0.74, p < 0.056), rear knee angle at rear foot touchdown (r = -0.93, p < 0.003) and rear knee angle at release (r = -0.76, p < 0.047). Greater knee flexion angle at both rear foot touch down and release along with a neutral shoulder-hip angle at release were identified as the most critical parameters for success among this sample of elite women shot putters. The unique observation about the knee positions at specific events should assist in new training and coaching developments. 相似文献
9.
以中国国家男子藤球队队员为研究载体,选取16项专项运动机能指标,运用数理统计学方法,分析探讨高水平藤球运动员专项运动机能特征。结果表明：影响藤球运动员专项运动机能的主成分为核心力量因子、灵敏与速度因子、耐力与速度因子、弹跳因子、柔韧因子,权重比值约为3选：3：2：1：1;降维分析前后,统计学意义上具有差异性的指标分别有五项、七项,表明数据内涵需要从多方面、多角度,辩证的看待问题,才能更好的服务于运动训练;根据共线性理论,发现某专项素质中的优势,能够有效搭建运动员竞技能力状态诊断与训练目标的桥梁。 相似文献
10.
Gareth Irwin 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):131-144
Abstract The aim of this study was to determine if critical parameters for elite performance could be identified among a population of female shot putters. The performance of seven of the top women shot putters competing at the 2002 USA National Championships was examined. Video data were captured using two Panasonic 60 Hz cameras and the best throws of each athlete were digitized and analyzed using a Peak Motus three‐dimensional motion analysis system. Thirty variables were examined for their effect on the distance of the throw. Correlation analysis indicated that measured distance was positively correlated with release speed (r = 0.97, p < 0.0003) and shoulder‐hip separation (r = 0.72, p < 0.06) and negatively correlated with release angle (r = ‐0.74, p < 0.056), rear knee angle at rear foot touchdown (r = ‐0.93, p < 0.003) and rear knee angle at release (r = ‐0.76, p < 0.047). Greater knee flexion angle at both rear foot touch down and release along with a neutral shoulder‐hip angle at release were identified as the most critical parameters for success among this sample of elite women shot putters. The unique observation about the knee positions at specific events should assist in new training and coaching developments. 相似文献
11.
12.
Elena Seminati Alessandra Marzari Oreste Vacondio Alberto E. Minetti 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):216-231
Repetitive stresses and movements on the shoulder in the volleyball spike expose this joint to overuse injuries, bringing athletes to a career threatening injury. Assuming that specific spike techniques play an important role in injury risk, we compared the kinematic of the traditional (TT) and the alternative (AT) techniques in 21 elite athletes, evaluating their safety with respect to performance. Glenohumeral joint was set as the centre of an imaginary sphere, intersected by the distal end of the humerus at different angles. Shoulder range of motion and angular velocities were calculated and compared to the joint limits. Ball speed and jump height were also assessed. Results indicated the trajectory of the humerus to be different for the TT, with maximal flexion of the shoulder reduced by 10 degrees, and horizontal abduction 15 degrees higher. No difference was found for external rotation angles, while axial rotation velocities were significantly higher in AT, with a 5% higher ball speed. Results suggest AT as a potential preventive solution to shoulder chronic pathologies, reducing shoulder flexion during spiking. The proposed method allows visualisation of risks associated with different overhead manoeuvres, by depicting humerus angles and velocities with respect to joint limits in the same 3D space. 相似文献
13.
The aim of this study was to identify those kinematic characteristics that are most closely related to an athlete's medical classification and measured distance of a put. Two S-VHS camcorders (60 fields per second) were used to record the performance of 17 males of different classes. Each participant performed six trials and the best trial for each was selected for analysis. Three-dimensional kinematics of the shot and upper body segments at the instant of release and during the forward thrust (delivery) were determined. The average speeds and angles of the shot at release for different classes (5.3-7.8 m x s(-1) and 21.2 to 34.4 degrees, respectively) were smaller than those exhibited by elite male able-bodied throwers. The height of the shot at release, the angular speed of the upper arm at release, the range of motion of the shoulder girdle during the delivery, and the average angular speeds of the trunk, shoulder girdle and upper arm during the delivery, were all significantly correlated with both the classification and measured distance (P < 0.05). The results indicate the importance of achieving a high average angular speed for each upper body segment during the delivery. 相似文献
14.
The aim of this study was to identify those kinematic characteristics that are most closely related to an athlete's medical classification and measured distance of a put. Two S-VHS camcorders (60 fields per second) were used to record the performance of 17 males of different classes. Each participant performed six trials and the best trial for each was selected for analysis. Three-dimensional kinematics of the shot and upper body segments at the instant of release and during the forward thrust (delivery) were determined. The average speeds and angles of the shot at release for different classes (5.3-7.8 ms -1 and 21.2 to 34.4°, respectively) were smaller than those exhibited by elite male able-bodied throwers. The height of the shot at release, the angular speed of the upper arm at release, the range of motion of the shoulder girdle during the delivery, and the average angular speeds of the trunk, shoulder girdle and upper arm during the delivery, were all significantly correlated with both the classification and measured distance ( P ? 0.05). The results indicate the importance of achieving a high average angular speed for each upper body segment during the delivery. 相似文献
15.
为了研究运动员形态与竞技表现特征之间的关系,运用文献资料法、数理统计法等方法对30届奥运会50公里竞走项目运动员从身体形态特征、年龄特征、地域分布特征、速度分配特征、战术应用特征等方面进行分析,结果表明:50公里竞走项目运动员身高、体重以及克托莱指数均处于增长的趋势;30岁以上年龄运动员数量增多;世界优秀50公里运动员主要分布在欧洲,其次是亚洲与美洲,50公里前8名竞走运动员平均速度曲线呈V型,跟走和领走是50公里竞走项目主要的战术特点.建议今后对此项目运动员进行科学选材,日常训练主要进行速度强化训练. 相似文献
16.
The speed attained by a track cyclist is strongly influenced by aerodynamic drag, being the major retarding force in track events of more than 200 m. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of changes in shoulder and torso angles on the aerodynamic drag and power output of a track cyclist. The drag of three competitive track cyclists was measured in a wind tunnel at 40 kph. Changes in shoulder and torso angles were made using a custom adjustable handlebar setup. The power output was measured for each position using an SRM Power Meter. The power required by each athlete to maintain a specific speed in each position was calculated, which enabled the surplus power in each position to be determined. The results showed that torso angle influenced the drag area and shoulder angle influenced the power output, and that a low torso angle and middle shoulder angle optimised the surplus power. However, the lowest possible torso angle was not always the best position. Although differences between individual riders was seen, there was a strong correlation between torso angle and drag area. 相似文献
17.
运用文献资料法、数据统计法等，对我国优秀男子400米运动员郭钟泽在天津全运会中的比赛成绩进行分段计时，分析其分段距离与各分段速度及与世界优秀运动员在速度分配上的差异。研究得出我国男子优秀400米运动员与国外优秀运动员成绩差异主要在T3分段，突破T3分段，将会拉近与世界优秀运动员成绩的差距。通过郭钟泽的个案研究，从实践上验证了男子优秀400米运动员分段距离与分段成绩、前后200米差值及总步数与步长特点关系是相互影响的。同时，提出了提高绝对速度是400米跑运动员的首要任务，加强速度耐力训练是400米跑运动员的基础，优化技术结构是400米跑运动员的关键。 相似文献
18.
我国优秀女子铅球运动员背向滑步推铅球技术动作速度节奏的特征与模式研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
肖林鹏 《天津体育学院学报》2002,17(1):30-32
以我国国际健将级女子铅球运动员为研究对象，采用高速摄影及解析、生物力学分析等方法，对女子铅球运动员背向滑步推铅球技术动作相关运动环节的速度节奏与铅球出手初速度之间的关系进行了研究，并通过数学方法建立了模型，以探讨我国优秀女子铅球运动员正确运用背向滑步推铅球技术动作的规律及特征，从而为提高我国女子铅球运动水平提供理论参考。 相似文献
19.
目的通过观察不同运动等级散打运动员在使用鞭腿技术动作时,支撑腿踝关节运动学特征所出现的差异,探求运动学特征与外侧副韧带急性损伤风险的关系。方法运用VICON Nexus 3D红外运动捕捉系统和Kistler地面测力系统,对23名不同运动等级男子散打运动员在使用鞭腿技术时支撑腿踝关节的动作轨迹进行采集,依据运动链原理将运动轨迹划分为启动、击打、回收3个时段,利用VICON Polygon分析软件对每个时段踝关节的角度、角速度、位移、时间、速度等特征进行分析。结果在击打过程中,不同运动等级运动员踝关节的运动方向一致,踝关节的活动度却出现了差异,启动和回收时段的内翻角度存在显著性(P<0.05);一般运动员踝关节的动作时间、位移均大于优秀运动员,启动时段的动作时间、上下位移、动作速度存在显著性(P<0.05)。结论不同运动等级散打运动员支撑腿踝关节的运动学特征存在显著性差异,优秀运动员踝关节运动轨迹的稳定性整体上好于一般运动员;运动学特征与引发外侧副韧带急性损伤风险存有关联,一般运动员因踝关节活动度相对较大,引发外侧副韧带急性损伤的风险也相对较高;启动时段是引发踝关节外侧副韧带急性损伤风险的最大时段。 相似文献
20.
析影响篮球罚球命中率的心理因素 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用问卷调查法、文献资料和数理统计法,从心理学的角度对影响篮球罚球命中率的心理进行了分析与研究。对南京邮电学院2002年校队队员男12人,女12人共计24人进行问卷调查,通过对大学生高水平运动队篮球运动员在比赛中影响罚球命中率的心理因素的研究,以便更好的为教练、教师对队员、学生的心理训练提供参考依据。 相似文献