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1.
The purpose of the study was to determine whether multidimensional perceptual-cognitive skills training, including situational awareness, anticipation, and decision making, improves on-court performance in older adults when compared with a physical training program, including stroke and footwork development. Senior tennis players (N = 27) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: perceptual-cognitive skills training, technique-footwork training, or no training. Results indicated that participants receiving perceptual-cognitive skills training had significantly faster response speeds, higher percentage of accurate responses, and higher percentage of performance decision making in posttest match situations. Findings provide clear evidence that perceptual-cognitive skills can be trained in aged individuals. Implications and suggestions for future research are offered. 相似文献
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Damian Farrow Machar Reid Tim Buszard Stephanie Kovalchik 《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2018,11(1):238-257
This review poses three key issues that will progress our understanding of the sport expertise literature and its translational scientific impact. Primarily relying on research conducted in interceptive sport tasks, and to a lesser extent team sports, we review the perceptual-cognitive skills of sports experts and explore the challenge of designing a sufficiently representative task to examine expertise. We focus on the methodological challenges presented by the reciprocal relationship between players’ action capabilities and their perceptual-cognitive skill. Second, we consider the need for a paradigm shift in the experimental approach used when examining the development of sport expertise. In short, a shift from traditional expert-novice designs to more prospective longitudinal designs that cross-sectionally track the development of expertise is discussed. The final issue considers how the volume of in situ data now collected provides a rich source of information that sport expertise researchers have only begun to consider and integrate with more traditional sport psychology research. We demonstrate how statistical approaches that have described the likely trajectories of expert performers on their journey toward expertise coupled with more traditional qualitative experimental approaches can provide useful insights into the development of psychological performance skills and more broadly sport expertise. 相似文献
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Research remains unclear on the impact of physiological load on perceptual-cognitive skills in sport. Moreover, no study has examined the training of perceptual-cognitive skills under physiological load. The current study comprised two phases. Firstly, we examined the impact of badminton-specific physiological load on anticipatory skills in expert badminton players (n = 13), including key underlying mechanisms, such as gaze behaviour. Under high physiological load, participants displayed less efficient visual search behaviour and showed a reduction in response accuracy. Secondly, we examined the effects of combining perceptual-cognitive simulation training with the high physiological load. Ten of the expert badminton players were assigned to a combined training group, where the simulation training and the physiological load intervention occurred simultaneously or an independent training group, whereby the two components were completed independently. The combined training group showed a positive change in the efficiency of their visual search behaviours compared to the independent training group, but no significant performance improvements were found. Overall, findings demonstrate that high physiological load is detrimental to experts’ anticipatory skills. However, combining perceptual-cognitive simulation training with high physiological load can potentially negate these debilitating effects. 相似文献
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Fabian W. Otte Sarah-Kate Millar Stefanie Klatt 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(11-12):1465-1473
ABSTRACT The football goalkeeper position arguably represents a unique role within the team sport. Despite its highly complex skill demands, research on football goalkeeping has only sporadically examined the position within isolated and limited parameters. In particular, there is limited literature on “modern” skill acquisition training methods and approaches within the field of goalkeeper training. In a cross-cultural study with fifteen expert goalkeeper coaches, researchers here examined the overarching research question of “how does the modern football goalkeeper train?”. Semi-structured interviews explored expert coaches’ views on critical skills for performance in goalkeeping and the training approaches used to develop these critical skills. Results indicate that four skill sets are considered essential by goalkeeper coaches, these are: decision-making skills, athleticism, mentality, and technical skills. In terms of developing these skills in goalkeeper-specific training, the majority of expert coaches apply a similar microstructure to training sessions. This structure involves a steady progression from simple to complex training tasks, where for large parts, isolated technical training appears to be prioritised over a holistic training approach that integrates technical skills and perceptual-cognitive components (e.g., decision making). Scientific and practical recommendations for researchers and practitioners in the field of football goalkeeper coaching are provided. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(7):913-921
AbstractAnalysing performance in competitive environments enables identification of key constraints which shape behaviours, supporting designs of more representative training and learning environments. In this study, competitive performance of 244 elite level jumpers (male and female) was analysed to identify the impact of candidate individual, environmental and task constraints on performance outcomes. Findings suggested that key constraints shaping behaviours in long jumping were related to: individuals (e.g. particularly intended performance goals of athletes and their impact on future jump performance); performance environments (e.g. strength and direction of wind) and tasks (e.g. requirement for front foot to be behind foul line at take-off board to avoid a foul jump). Results revealed the interconnectedness of competitive performance, highlighting that each jump should not be viewed as a behaviour in isolation, but rather as part of a complex system of connected performance events which contribute to achievement of competitive outcomes. These findings highlight the potential nature of the contribution of performance analysis in competitive performance contexts. They suggest how practitioners could design better training tasks, based on key ecological constraints of competition, to provide athletes with opportunities to explore and exploit functional intentions and movement solutions high in contextual specificity. 相似文献
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采用专家访谈、特尔菲法、层次分析法对排球项目"跨界跨项"选材的概念、目前亟待解决的关键问题进行了研究。针对"从什么项目选"、"年龄和训练基础有什么要求"、"测试什么内容及指标"三个关键问题建议如下：（1）当前适宜从篮球和田径进行排球"跨界跨项"选材;（2）男运动员一般不超过15岁,女运动员一般不超过13岁;（3）选材关键指标为身高、跟腱长、学习能力、运用能力、助跑摸高、半"米"字移动以及快速决策能力。 相似文献
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跆拳道绝招技术的训练原则与方法 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
跆拳道是一项以手脚技术为进攻武器的格斗对抗性项目,在竞争激烈的对抗中取胜,运动员必须具备独特的“绝招技术“.提出与分析了跆拳道运动员“绝招技术“的训练原则、训练方法以及应注意的问题. 相似文献
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Patricia Del Rey 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):342-347
Abstract An experimental intervention program to train subjects on coincidence anticipation and prediction skills was administered to novice females. An attempt was undertaken to study the effects of this sports training and training on laboratory tasks. According to Battig' s predictions on the structure of practice sessions, both random and blocked contexts were presented. These acquisition contexts were viewed as orienting tasks that preceded sports training. The effects of high-contextual interference and sports training on acquisition, retention, and transfer were investigated. Practice conditions in the intervention were selected because of processing demands similar to random acquisition. Other research has shown that acquisition in random is influenced by sport-skill expertise and further indicates that processing of events occurring outside the laboratory influences performance of laboratory tasks. Observed results supported prior theoretical predictions and empirical findings on contextual interference. Predicted hypotheses were supported, and the effects of sports training were most profound during retention and transfer if the acquisition context for the trained subjects was random. Supported by prior research, activities performed outside the laboratory influenced performance on laboratory tasks. These results shift more emphasis on the learner as an active processor of information, which relates to Lee's (1988) views on transfer-appropriate processing. 相似文献
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文章采用文献资料法、专家访谈法,结合实践对散打技能训练进行研究,从身体机能、运动技术、运动战术心理方面分析了武术散打技能训练的基本要素,旨在为散打技能训练提供科学依据,从而为运动员科学选材提供依据;散打运动员在学习技术的同时,应进行客观、理智的分析,真正理解各种技法的基本原理,并为训练及实践中不断发展完善自身的技法,提高训练竞技水平提供理论基础。 相似文献
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从田径运动训练实践所需的运动员个体专项技能指标量化研究为出发点,依据灰色理论独特的可以针对个体事件进行动态量化分析的优势,详细论述了从田径运动员专项技能优化到具体训练指标的模型定位,全过程的完整灰色理论方法。为进一步实现田径运动训练的科学化提供有力的决策工具。 相似文献
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P Del Rey 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1989,60(4):342-347
An experimental intervention program to train subjects on coincidence anticipation and prediction skills was administered to novice females. An attempt was undertaken to study the effects of this sports training and training on laboratory tasks. According to Battig's predictions on the structure of practice sessions, both random and blocked contexts were presented. These acquisition contexts were viewed as orienting tasks that preceded sports training. The effects of high-contextual interference and sports training on acquisition, retention, and transfer were investigated. Practice conditions in the intervention were selected because of processing demands similar to random acquisition. Other research has shown that acquisition in random is influenced by sport-skill expertise and further indicates that processing of events occurring outside the laboratory influences performance of laboratory tasks. Observed results supported prior theoretical predictions and empirical findings on contextual interference. Predicted hypotheses were supported, and the effects of sports training were most profound during retention and transfer if the acquisition context for the trained subjects was random. Supported by prior research, activities performed outside the laboratory influenced performance on laboratory tasks. These results shift more emphasis on the learner as an active processor of information, which relates to Lee's (1988) views on transfer-appropriate processing. 相似文献
13.
心理训练效能引起的思考 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对与运动行为相联系的心理训练的研究献进行回顾与分析，提出了心理训练应用时应注意的有关问题，包括：要考虑任务的难度，安排的时机，内、外表象结合等。指出了通过心理训练可以提高运动成绩，它将对运动员和教练员提供更好的建议。 相似文献
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Abstract To better understand the contextual interference effect, in two experiments we investigated a form of practice schedule that provided novices with systematic increases in contextual interference. This new type of practice schedule was compared with traditional blocked and random scheduling for two types of sports skills. In Experiment 1, we tested the hypothesis that practising variations of the same task with systematic increases in contextual interference would lead to superior performance compared with blocked or random scheduling. Participants practised golf putting tasks following a blocked, random or increasing schedule, which involved initial blocked trials, followed by serial practice trials, and ended with random scheduling. Participants who followed the increasing schedule had superior retention test performance. In Experiment 2, we tested if these learning benefits were observed when learning tasks controlled by different generalized motor programs. Participants practised three different basketball passes (chest, overhead, single arm) in a blocked, random or increasing schedule. Participants practising with gradual increases in contextual interference performed better on retention and transfer tests than participants practising with blocked or random scheduling. The results of these two experiments indicate that a practice schedule offering systematic increases in contextual interference facilitates skill learning. 相似文献
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以运动训练的需要和运动员的个体特点为切入点,运用心理测量、录像视频分析、行为观测、主观体验及实验等方法,对羽毛球运动员不同状态得失分的时间特征、行为表现及心理状态变化特征进行探讨。结果表明,比赛得失分是羽毛球运动员不同状态行为表现及时间特征形成的关键因素之一。其主动进攻失分时间间隔最长,对方失误得分时间间隔最短;在得分和失分时,发球时间间隔较长;运动员处于流畅状态得分后持续时间长,行为表现突出,情绪表现强烈;皮温、指端血容波幅和心率可作为监控运动员不同状态心理变化的客观指标。观看不同状态比赛视频能有效促进运动员心理控制水平的提高;结合不同状态的比赛视频进行心理监控训练,可以有效促进运动员比赛自信心的提高。这些研究成果能够在一定程度上为教练员提供决策参数,为运动员提供各种比赛的行为信息储备,从而提高运动员对比赛时各种信息的加工速度、准确性和应对困境的能力,增加运动员比赛战术运用的成功率。 相似文献
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灵敏素质是运动技能、神经反应和各种素质的综合表现.提高青少年运动员的灵敏素质,可以有效协调各种身体素质能力的发挥,提高技术动作质量和创造优异运动成绩.灵敏素质训练应依据优先性原则、先易后难性原则、一般与专项结合原则、趣味性原则等原则设计、安排灵敏素质训练的方式和方法. 相似文献
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浅谈柔韧素质在武术套路中的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据当前国内外武术发展形势，武术新规则的实施，武术事业正在朝向“高、难、新”的方向发展。为了迎合武术发展的大潮流，武术运动员根据规则的制订在不断的完善自我，武术运动员对身体素质的要求也越来越高。柔韧素质是武术运动员必备的基本专项素质之一。为进一步掌握技术动作和提高运动技术水平，柔韧素质是不可忽视的重要因素，文章针对武术套路柔韧素质的现状，对其进行全面的分析研究，具有深远的现实意义。 相似文献
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运动员跨项选材是我国推进北京冬奥会、残奥会备战工作的重要举措之一。国际上运动员跨项选材的发展经历了"无序化"和"规模化"两个阶段。澳大利亚和英国等国规模化跨项选材的经验表明:传统选材依旧是运动员成才的主要途径,跨项选材是传统选材的有益补充;跨项选材是运动员成才的关键环节,长期培养和全面保障的意义深远;现有的跨项以赛艇、自行车和跆拳道等夏奥项目以及俯式冰橇等冬奥项目为主。从短期备战角度来看,我国要遴选适合跨项的运动项目,加强备战保障工作,提高运动员成才效率;从长期可持续发展角度来看,要注重运动员全面发展,强化政策引导、深化竞赛改革,进一步发挥竞技体育的综合功能和价值。 相似文献