共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Lee J. Moore David J. Harris Ben T. Sharpe Samuel J. Vine Mark R. Wilson 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(15):1778-1786
Compared to sports performers, relatively little is known about how sports officials make decisions at a perceptual-cognitive level. Thus, this study examined the decision-making accuracy and gaze behaviour of rugby union referees of varying skill levels while reviewing scrum scenarios. Elite (n = 9) and trainee (n = 9) referees, as well as experienced players (n = 9), made decisions while watching ten projected scrum clips and wearing a mobile eye-tracker. Decision-making accuracy and gaze behaviour were recorded for each scrum. The elite and trainee referees made more accurate decisions than the players, and differences in gaze behavior were observed. The elite and trainee referees displayed lower search rates, spent more time fixating central-pack (i.e., front rows, binds, and contact point) and less time fixating outer-pack (e.g., second rows) and non-pack (e.g., other) locations, and exhibited lower entropy than the players. While search rate failed to predict decision-making accuracy, the time spent fixating central-, outer-, and non-pack locations, as well as entropy, were significant predictors. The findings have implications for training perceptual-cognitive skill among sports officials. 相似文献
2.
Torque–velocity characteristics and contractile rate of force development in elite badminton players
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):127-134
Abstract Elite badminton requires muscular endurance combined with appropriate maximal and explosive muscle strength. The musculature of the lower extremities is especially important in this context since rapid and forceful movements with the weight of the body are performed repeatedly throughout a match. In the present study, we examined various leg-strength parameters of 35 male elite badminton players who had been performing resistance exercises as part of their physical training for several years. The badminton players were compared with an age-matched reference group, the members of whom were physically active on a recreational basis, and to the same reference group after they had performed resistance training for 14 weeks. Maximal muscle strength of the knee extensor (quadriceps) and flexor muscles (hamstrings) was determined using isokinetic dynamometry. To measure explosive muscle strength, the contractile rate of force development was determined during maximal isometric muscle contractions. In general, the badminton players showed greater maximal muscle strength and contractile rate of force development than the reference group: mean quadriceps peak torque during slow concentric contraction: 3.69 Nm · kg?1, s=0.08 vs. 3.26 Nm · kg?1, s=0.8 (P<0.001); mean hamstring peak torque during slow concentric contraction: 1.86 Nm · kg?1, s=0.04 vs. 1.63 Nm · kg?1, s=0.04 (P<0.001); mean quadriceps rate of force development at 100 ms: 24.4 Nm · s?1·kg?1, s=0.5 vs. 22.1 Nm·s?1 · kg?1, s=0.6 (P<0.05); mean hamstring rate of force development at 100 ms: 11.4 Nm · s?1·kg?1, s=0.3 vs. 8.9 Nm · s?1 · kg?1, s=0.4 (P<0.05). However, after 14 weeks of resistance training the reference group achieved similar isometric and slow concentric muscle strength as the badminton players, although the badminton players still had a higher isometric rate of force development and muscle strength during fast (240° · s?1) quadriceps contractions. Large volumes of concurrent endurance training could have attenuated the long-term development of maximal muscle strength in the badminton players. The badminton players had a higher contractile rate of force development than the reference group before and after resistance training. Greater explosive muscle strength in the badminton players might be a physiological adaptation to their badminton training. 相似文献
3.
Fabian W. Otte Sarah-Kate Millar Stefanie Klatt 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(11-12):1465-1473
ABSTRACT The football goalkeeper position arguably represents a unique role within the team sport. Despite its highly complex skill demands, research on football goalkeeping has only sporadically examined the position within isolated and limited parameters. In particular, there is limited literature on “modern” skill acquisition training methods and approaches within the field of goalkeeper training. In a cross-cultural study with fifteen expert goalkeeper coaches, researchers here examined the overarching research question of “how does the modern football goalkeeper train?”. Semi-structured interviews explored expert coaches’ views on critical skills for performance in goalkeeping and the training approaches used to develop these critical skills. Results indicate that four skill sets are considered essential by goalkeeper coaches, these are: decision-making skills, athleticism, mentality, and technical skills. In terms of developing these skills in goalkeeper-specific training, the majority of expert coaches apply a similar microstructure to training sessions. This structure involves a steady progression from simple to complex training tasks, where for large parts, isolated technical training appears to be prioritised over a holistic training approach that integrates technical skills and perceptual-cognitive components (e.g., decision making). Scientific and practical recommendations for researchers and practitioners in the field of football goalkeeper coaching are provided. 相似文献
4.
The purpose of the study was to determine whether multidimensional perceptual-cognitive skills training, including situational awareness, anticipation, and decision making, improves on-court performance in older adults when compared with a physical training program, including stroke and footwork development. Senior tennis players (N = 27) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: perceptual-cognitive skills training, technique-footwork training, or no training. Results indicated that participants receiving perceptual-cognitive skills training had significantly faster response speeds, higher percentage of accurate responses, and higher percentage of performance decision making in posttest match situations. Findings provide clear evidence that perceptual-cognitive skills can be trained in aged individuals. Implications and suggestions for future research are offered. 相似文献
5.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(4):322-331
AbstractPerceptual-cognitive skills training provides a potentially valuable method for training athletes on key skills, such as anticipation and decision-making. It can be used when athletes are unable to physically train or are unable to experience repeated key situations from their sport. In this article, we review research on perceptual-cognitive skills training and describe future research areas focusing on a number of key theories and principles. The main aim of any training intervention should be the efficacy of retention and transfer of learning from training to field situations, which should be the key consideration when designing the representative tasks used in perceptual-cognitive skills training. We review the principles that seek to create practice tasks that replicate those found in the field, so as to increase the amount of transfer that occurs. These principles are perception–action coupling, the contextual interference effect and contextual information, which suggest there should be a high level of similarity between training and real-life performance when designing perceptual-cognitive skills training. In the final section, we discuss the transfer of retained skill acquisition from perceptual-cognitive skills training to field performance, which we suggest to be the key area for future research in this area. 相似文献
6.
Michael J. Duncan Cheryl K.Y. Chan Neil D. Clarke Martin Cox Mike Smith 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(2):119-126
This study examined the effects of changes in physiological and psychological arousal on badminton short-serve performance in competitive and practice climates. Twenty competitive badminton players (10 males and 10 females) volunteered to participate in the study following ethics approval. After familiarisation, badminton short-serve performance was measured at rest, mid-way through and at the end of a badminton-specific exercise protocol in two conditions; competition vs. practice. Ratings of cognitive and somatic anxiety were assessed at three time points prior to badminton short-serve performance using the Mental Readiness Form 3. Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed during the exercise protocol. Results indicated that better short-serve performance was evident in practice compared to competition (P?=?.034). RPE values were significantly higher in the competition condition compared to practice (P?=?.007). Cognitive anxiety intensity was significantly lower post-exercise in the practice condition compared to competition (P?=?.001). Cognitive anxiety direction showed greater debilitation post-exercise in the competition condition compared to practice (P?=?.01). Somatic anxiety intensity increased from pre-, to mid- to post-exercise (P?=?.001) irrespective of condition. This study suggests that badminton serve performance is negatively affected when physiological arousal, via badminton-specific exercise, and cognitive anxiety, via perceived competition, are high. 相似文献
7.
ABSTRACT Ankle sprains are the most common injury in regular badminton players and usually occur at the end of a match or training. The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of fatigue produced by badminton practice on the lower limb biomechanics of badminton players. It was hypothesized that fatigue induces ankle kinematic and lower leg muscle activity changes which may increase the risk of ankle sprain. Ankle kinematics, ankle kinetics and muscles activities of 17 regular badminton players were recorded during lateral jumps before and after an intense badminton practice session. Post-fatigue, ankle inversion at foot strike and peak ankle inversion increased (+2.6°, p = 0.003 and +2.5°, p = 0.005, respectively). EMG pre-activation within 100 ms before foot landing significantly decreased after fatigue for soleus (?23.4%, p = 0.031), gastrocnemius lateralis (?12.2%, p = 0.035), gastrocnemius medialis (?23.3%, p = 0.047) and peroneus brevis (?17.4%, p = 0.036). These results demonstrate impaired biomechanics of badminton players when fatigue increases, which may cause a greater risk of experiencing an ankle sprain injury. 相似文献
8.
Damian Farrow Machar Reid Tim Buszard Stephanie Kovalchik 《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2018,11(1):238-257
This review poses three key issues that will progress our understanding of the sport expertise literature and its translational scientific impact. Primarily relying on research conducted in interceptive sport tasks, and to a lesser extent team sports, we review the perceptual-cognitive skills of sports experts and explore the challenge of designing a sufficiently representative task to examine expertise. We focus on the methodological challenges presented by the reciprocal relationship between players’ action capabilities and their perceptual-cognitive skill. Second, we consider the need for a paradigm shift in the experimental approach used when examining the development of sport expertise. In short, a shift from traditional expert-novice designs to more prospective longitudinal designs that cross-sectionally track the development of expertise is discussed. The final issue considers how the volume of in situ data now collected provides a rich source of information that sport expertise researchers have only begun to consider and integrate with more traditional sport psychology research. We demonstrate how statistical approaches that have described the likely trajectories of expert performers on their journey toward expertise coupled with more traditional qualitative experimental approaches can provide useful insights into the development of psychological performance skills and more broadly sport expertise. 相似文献
9.
Qin Zhu 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):1187-1196
Abstract Affordances mean opportunities for action. These affordances are important for sports performance and relevant to the abilities developed by skilled athletes. In racquet sports such as badminton, different players prefer widely different string tension because it is believed to provide opportunities for effective strokes. The current study examined whether badminton players can perceive the affordance of string tension for power strokes and whether the perception of affordance itself changed as a function of skill level. The results showed that string tension constrained the striking performance of both novice and recreational players, but not of expert players. When perceptual capability was assessed, perceptual mode did not affect perception of the optimal string tension. Skilled players successfully perceived the affordance of string tension, but only experts were concerned about saving energy. Our findings demonstrated that perception of the affordance of string tension in badminton was determined by action abilities. Furthermore, experts could adjust the action to maintain a superior level of performance based on the perception of affordance. 相似文献
10.
对5名备战第12届全国运动会的广西女子羽毛球运动员进行生化指标的测试,评定其机能状态,为训练量的调整和营养补充提供参考。结果显示：大运动量训练后,运动员的多项指标变化明显,其中,Hgb降幅较大,RBC、HCT明显下降,CK明显上升,LDH升高,T略降,C下降。显示运动员有一定程度疲劳。经训练量调整和营养补充后,运动员赛前10天疲劳恢复情况良好,各指标回升。 相似文献
11.
现代羽毛球运动要求运动员不仅具备良好的技术、战术、身体素质,而且具备良好的羽毛球意识。羽毛球教学与训练中,要重视基本技术训练与战术意识相结合,培养良好的意识,提高运动员的竞技水平。 相似文献
12.
文脉信息对羽毛球运动员预判绩效的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
选取16名羽毛球专业运动员和8名大学生初学者为被试,以羽毛球专项情境中对手即将回球的动作前情境为反应任务,探讨文脉信息对运动员预判绩效的影响。结果显示:(1)在动作前情境运动员存在明显的预判现象,预判能力随着技能水平的提高而提高;(2)较短的2回合文脉情境是评价羽毛球运动员专项知觉技能水平的适宜长度;(3)文脉信息量对运动员的预判速度没有显著性影响。 相似文献
13.
蒋善华 《体育科技文献通报》2012,20(12):44+63-44,63
提高羽毛球专项素质最常用的方法就是多球训练法,它对提高运动员的球技、战术和实战水平都有显著的效果。本文对羽毛球多球训练法的概念、具体实施方法和其对提高运动员专项素质所起的作用进行探讨,提出羽毛球多球训练法是一个提高运动员专业技术的好方法,并为羽毛球运动员提高专项素质提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献
14.
This study aimed to compare the effect of 6 weeks of resistance training or combined resistance training and change of direction exercises on physical performance and motor skills in futsal players. Thirty-four futsal players were divided into full squat group (SG, n = 12), combined full squat and change of direction exercises group (S+CDG, n = 12) and control group (CG, n = 10). The resistance training for SG consisted of full squat with low load (~45–58% 1RM) and low volume (4–6 repetitions), whereas the S+CDG performed the same resistance training program combined with loaded change of direction. Sprint time in 10 and 20 m, change of direction test, countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) height, maximal strength and force–velocity relationship in full squat exercise, kicking speed ball (BSmean) and repeated sprint ability (RSAmean) were selected as testing variables. Both experimental groups showed significant improvements for CMJ, BSmean and all strength parameters. Only SG resulted in significant sprint gains, whereas S+CDG also achieved significant improvements in RSAmean. The CG remained unchanged after training period. No significant differences were found between both experimental groups. These findings suggest that only 12 sessions of either lightweight resistance training alone, lifting the load at maximal intended velocity or combined with change of direction exercises is enough to improve several physical and skills capacities critical to futsal performance in adult players. 相似文献
15.
刘巍 《体育科技文献通报》2012,20(4):118-119
羽毛球运动员在高强度训练和高密度比赛环境下,由于其运动特点,极易造成踝关节的各种损伤,本文根据羽毛球的运动特点,以踝关节的生理结构、运动学特点等为依据,以鲁东大学运动系羽毛球专选课学生为研究对象,运用文献资料法、访谈法、总结归纳法等方法对踝关节损伤进行简要研究和提出可行性防治建议。 相似文献
16.
以激励机制的相关理论为依据,结合青少年羽毛球训练的实际,找出目前基层羽毛球训练中激励机制存在的问题,并提出相应的建议。 相似文献
17.
追踪我国优秀羽毛球女子单打运动员在新赛制下的表现,研究了新赛制所带来的变革。研究表明：新赛制使女子单打比赛时间延长、心理压力加大、强手优势弱化、对技术战术及体能要求更高。应该改变训练指导思想、加大年轻队员的梯队建设、选材和技术风格多样化、科学训练减少伤病、提高单兵作战能力等。 相似文献
18.
目的：探讨重复冷热水交替浴（CWT）对羽毛球运动员运动后身体机能的影响。方法：将16名优秀男子羽毛球运动员随机分成CWT组和对照组（CON），每组8名。两组运动员均参与两周体能训练，每节训练课后分别采用CWT或静态休息作为整理活动，其间动态检测运动员的主观疲劳度、运动能力和代谢指标，评价运动员机能恢复情况。结果：在主观感觉上，CWT组在每周最后一节训练课后即刻、下一周周一上午训练前肌肉酸痛感和全身自感疲劳度均明显低于CON组（P＜0.05），两组运动员经过周末休息后肌肉酸痛和全身自感疲劳度均明显改善（P＜0.05）；在运动能力上，CWT组静蹲成绩在每周最后一节训练课后即刻明显优于CON组（P＜0.05），两周训练结束后即刻立定跳远成绩明显优于CON组（P＜0.05）；经过周末休息后，CWT组立定跳远与静蹲成绩没有显著性改变（P＞0.05）；在机体代谢水平上，随着两周大运动量训练，血清肌酸激酶（CK）浓度组间没有显著性差异（P＞0.05），而两周训练后，CWT组血清尿素氮（BUN）浓度明显低于CON组（P＜0.05）。结论：CWT能缓解羽毛球男子运动员连续运动后的肌肉酸痛感和全身自感疲劳度，能延缓立定跳远和静蹲能力的下降，可能降低体内蛋白分解水平。 相似文献
19.
Maria Chiara Gallotta Valerio Bonavolontà Gian Pietro Emerenziani Emanuele Franciosi Alessandro Tito Laura Guidetti 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(11):1173-1181
The aim of the study was to evaluate the dorsal and lumbar spine of expert and recreational tennis players before (pre) and after (post) two different training sessions. The sample consisted of 17 male tennis players, nine expert and eight recreational males (age 21.2 ± 1.6 years). We assessed the back surface by rasterstereography pre and post two different training sessions both lasting 1.5 h: a standard training and a specific over-shoulder shots training session, respectively. Lordotic and kyphotic angle, length, imbalance, inclination for trunk, pelvic torsion, left and right lateral deviation and surface rotation were measured. Tennis expertise (expert versus recreational) significantly affected the surface rotation and right lateral deviation (P < 0.05). Trunk length was affected by intervention (pre versus post) (P < 0.05). Left lateral deviation differed both for type of session (session 1 versus session 2) and intervention (P < 0.001, P < 0.05). Expert tennis players had higher values on surface rotation and right lateral deviation, around or just above physiological values (0–5° and 0–5 mm, respectively). Type of session significantly affected left lateral deviation, indicating that over-shoulder shots lead to a higher stress for the spine; the workload produced by both single sessions led to a shortening effect on trunk length. A single training session can induce acute modifications in some parameters of dorsal and lumbar spine of players. 相似文献
20.
Abstract The deflection profiles of a badminton racket during strokes performed by elite and world-class badminton players were recorded by strain gauges and subsequently analysed to determine the role of shaft stiffness in racket performance. Deflection behaviour was consistent in all strokes across all players, suggesting a controlled use of racket elasticity. In addition, all impacts occurred within 100 ms of each other, a duration in which deflection velocity provides an increase in racket velocity, indicating that the players were able to use racket elasticity to their advantage. Since deflection behaviour is a product of the racket–player interaction, further work is required to determine the effects of different racket properties and player techniques on the elastic response of rackets during strokes. 相似文献