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1.
陈剑萍 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2012,(4):98-103
研究对青少年网球运动员为人格特征、心境状态和运动表现的基本情况进行调查与分析,并对二者之间的关系和影响作用情况进行了初步探讨。采用文献资料、问卷调查、实地考察、数理统计等研究方法,对参加2009年全国青少年网球比赛的207名运动员的基本情况、人格特征和运动表现进行调查,对收集的数据进行基本描述统计分析,两个独立样本的T检验,方差分析和相关分析。结果表明：（1）青少年网球运动员的人格特征在内外向、神经质量表上均不存在性别、年龄、运动等级和主力与否上的差异,但在精神质维度上存在年龄上的差异。（2）青少年网球运动员的运动表现能力不存在性别、主力与否上的差异,不同年龄和不同运动等级的运动员在方案的实施／执行和有效战术两个维度上存在显著性差异。（3）青少年网球运动员人格特征中的精神质维度与网球运动表现中的疲劳、焦虑呈正相关,与其他运动表现维度没有相关性;内外向维度与网球运动表现中的方案的执行／实施、决心、流畅、有效战术呈显著正相关,与失去沉着呈负相关;神经质维度与网球运动表现中的失去沉着、焦虑、疲劳呈高度显著正相关,与决心、流畅、有效战术呈高度显著负相关,与方案的执行／实施呈显著负相关。（4）青少年网球运动员人格内外向影响网球运表现的方案的实施／执行、失去沉着、决心、流畅和有效战术,神经质影响网球运动表现的方案的实施／执行、失去沉着、决心、疲劳、焦虑、流畅和有效战术,精神质影响网球运动表现中的疲劳和焦虑。 相似文献
2.
ABSTRACTResearch has suggested the need to use a person-centred approach to examine multidimensionality of motivation. Guided by self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985), the primary aim of the present study was to examine the motivational profiles in table tennis players and their composition by gender, country, training status, and competition levels (from recreational to international). The secondary aim was to examine the differences in performance anxiety and subjective vitality across the motivational profiles. Participants were 281 table tennis players from multiple countries, mostly the U.S. and China. Hierarchical and nonhierarchical cluster analyses were conducted and showed three motivational profiles with distinct quantity and quality: “low”, “controlled”, and “self-determined”. Chi-square tests of independence demonstrated significant differences in their cluster membership by country, formal training with a coach, and competition levels, but not gender. MANCOVA results indicated differences in performance anxiety and subjective vitality across the motivational profiles, in which the controlled profile had the greatest anxiety symptoms. These differences are attributed to the quality over quantity of motivation, which have meaningful implications for table tennis coaches and sport psychology consultants to diagnose and intervene with players in order to reduce their performance anxiety and improve their well-being. 相似文献
3.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):209-221
Abstract In this study, we tested the matching hypothesis, which contends that administration of a cognitive or somatic anxiety intervention should be matched to a participant's dominant anxiety response. Sixty-one male soccer players (mean age 31.6 years, s=6.3) were assigned to one of four groups based on their responses to the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2, which was modified to include a directional scale. Interventions were randomly administered in a counterbalanced order 10 min before each performance trial on a soccer skill test. The dominantly cognitive anxious group (n=17), the dominantly somatic anxious group (n=17), and the non-anxious control intervention group (n=14) completed a baseline performance trial. The second and third trials were completed with random administration of brief cognitive and somatic interventions. The non-anxious control group (n=13) completed three trials with no intervention. A mixed-model, Group×Treatment multivariate analysis of variance indicated significant (P<0.05) changes in cognitive anxiety intensity and somatic anxiety intensity, but not in state anxiety direction (P>0.05), or performance time or accuracy (P>0.05). The present findings do not provide support for the matching hypothesis for state anxiety intensity and direction, or for performance. 相似文献
4.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):215-220
Abstract This article tested the relationship between mental toughness (MT) and dispositional flow. A sample of 135 athletes (M age=20.81 years, SD=2.76), derived from University sports teams and local sports clubs, gave informed consent before completing questionnaires to assess MT and dispositional flow. Pearson correlations revealed a significant and positive relationship between total MT and global flow scores (r=0.65, p <0.001). Correlations between total MT and dispositional flow subscales were all found to be significant and positive, ranging from 0.26 to 0.68. Correlations between global flow and MT subscales were also all significant and positive, ranging between 0.43 and 0.65. Linear regression analyses found MT subscales to account for 45% of the variance in disposition flow, and flow subscales to account for 50% of the variance in MT. These results suggest a reciprocal relationship between MT and flow. 相似文献
5.
BackgroundResearch on achievement goal orientations in sport has typically relied on the use of variable-centered approaches that tend to overlook population heterogeneity. In this study, we used a person-centered approach to identify subgroups of competitive tennis players according to unique combinations of achievement goal orientations and tested for subgroup differences in motivation and mental toughness.MethodsA sample of 323 competitive tennis athletes (69.35% male) between 15 and 25 years of age (17.60 ± 2.40 years, mean ± SD) completed the 3 × 2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Sport, Sport Motivation Scale II, and Mental Toughness Index. Latent profile analysis was used to identify unique combinations of achievement goal orientations. Comparisons between latent subgroups on autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and mental toughness were performed using analysis of variance.ResultsLatent profile analysis supported 3 distinct patterns of achievement goal profiles that were primarily distinguishable based on valence of competence (i.e., approach vs. avoidance). Analyses of variance indicated that athletes who were classified into subgroups that endorsed approach types of goals (regardless of the types of avoidance goals they endorsed) reported higher levels of autonomous motivation and mental toughness.ConclusionResults indicated that athletes tend to pursue a number of achievement goals collectively rather than in isolation. Although approach goals are more commonly linked to adaptive psychological functioning and positive outcomes, avoidance goals may also be associated with desirable psychological characteristics if they are pursued in conjunction with approach types of achievement goals. 相似文献
6.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):167-177
Abstract The objective of the present study was to test the effects of TARGET premises on state anxiety, self-efficacy, and sport skill development. A total of 317 high school students with a mean age of 13.9 years (s=0.76) were assigned either to an intervention group or a control group. The triple jump and the Baryshnikov shot put techniques were taught to both groups in 10 teaching units. In the intervention group the teachers employed the TARGET structures, while in the control group the command style was used. Students completed pre- and post-intervention measures of state anxiety and self-efficacy just before execution of the two techniques. Motor skill development was evaluated by both absolute performance (in centimetres) and technical execution of the tasks. The results of repeated-measures analyses of variance indicated that the intervention group reported higher triple jump self-efficacy and better technical execution of the shot put than the control group. No intervention effects were observed for the anxiety responses. Our findings provide partial evidence for positive effects of a task-involving motivational climate on sport skill development and performance-related states. 相似文献
7.
Kamasha Robertson Johan Pion Mireille Mostaert Mohd Rozilee Wazir Norjali Wazir Tamara Kramer Irene Renate Faber 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(23):2706-2715
ABSTRACTDifferences and similarities between table tennis and other racquet sports exist, but are not well documented in the literature, in spite of the relevance for talent identification. In this study we aimed at identifying the key characteristics of table tennis in comparison with tennis and badminton based upon a survey in coaches. A total of 177 licensed coaches from all across the world and with diverse professional backgrounds completed a survey on anthropometric measures, physical performance, and motor coordination skills. On a scale from 1 to 10, coaches indicated to what extent a talent characteristic was important for their sport. MANOVA identified key differences as well as similarities between all three racquet sports and a subsequent discriminant analysis allocated coaches correctly for table tennis, tennis, and badminton 81.01%, 55.6%, and 71.4% respectively. Our results show that table tennis and other racquet sport coaches are well aware of differences between the racquet sports and also the importance and value of testing and assortment of skill components. These findings can assist coaches in future talent orientation and transfer in racquet sports. 相似文献
8.
Alison Poe 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):260-268
Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of varied rest intervals, following a 5-min warm-up, upon subsequent ratings of perceived exertion, heart rate (HR), and state anxiety during an exercise period. The subjects were 16 male college students, each with predicted [Vdot]O2 max of at least 51 ml/kg/min ( = 54.4) as determined by the Åstrand bicycle test. Each subject was tested under four experimental conditions following a 5-min warm-up on a bicycle ergometer at 75% of HR max. Rest intervals of 1 min, 5 min, 10 min, and no rest preceded a progressively increasing 8-min exercise period on a bicycle ergometer. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate, and state anxiety were obtained at 1,000, 1,200, 1,400, and 1,600 KPM during each of the experimental conditions. An analysis of variance, four by four factorial design with repeated measures on both factors, was used to determine if significant differences existed between the experimental conditions for RPE and HR. An analysis of variance, treatment by subjects design, was used to determine if there were significant differences in state anxiety levels among the experimental conditions. Intraclass correlations revealed that reliability for HR and RPE was extremely high. No significant difference was found among the four experimental conditions for perceived exertion, heart rate, and state anxiety. RPE was found to be a good predictor of physiological strain as indicated by HR. 相似文献
9.
研究目的：本研究是通过不同级别的网球比赛,来探讨网球专项学生心理指标中自信心变化的状况,为网球学生的心理素质训练和心理治疗提供理论和数据依据。研究方法：受试者参加3种不同级别的网球比赛,分别是校级网球公开赛、市级网球公开赛、全国级业余网球公开赛。在比赛开始前一小时,让测试者填写运动员心理因素调查量表,回收心理学量表,进行整理探讨不同级别的网球比赛对受试者心理指标中自信心变化的影响。研究结果：校级网球公开赛中自信心、特质自信心比市级和全国级网球公开赛高（P〈0.05）;市级网球公开赛（自信心、特质自信心）显著高于全国级网球公开赛（P〈0.05）。研究结论：研究发现比赛等级越高,高校网球专项学生特质自信心、自信心呈下降趋势。表明,比赛等级与测试对象的自信心状态存在联系。 相似文献
10.
Abstract This study constructed a technique effectiveness evaluation formula for table tennis players based on the relationship between the scoring rate and usage rate of techniques and established the evaluation criteria through the examination of 224 matches of the world's top 35 players. It also built a competition performance formula with the score difference theory for the exploration of the correlation between player technique effectiveness and competition performance. The results showed the three indices – the technique effectiveness of the first and third strokes (TE1,3), the second and fourth strokes (TE2,4) and the after fourth strokes (TE>4) – could help better evaluate the technique effectiveness of elite players. The comparative analysis of Chinese elite table tennis players and players from other countries and regions revealed that Chinese players as a whole were “excellent” in all the examined techniques except in the male's “first and third strokes”; while players from other countries and regions were overall “general”. The case analysis of two world top players further indicated that correlation analysis of technique effectiveness and competition performance could help identify the technique indices highly correlated with player competition performance. 相似文献
11.
对乒乓球运动员竞赛状态焦虑及焦虑方向的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
赵世勇 《沈阳体育学院学报》2006,25(5):45-46,56
运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法和数理统计法等方法,对60名优秀乒乓球运动员及普通大学生乒乓球运动员竞赛状态焦虑及焦虑方向进行对比研究。研究结果表明:优秀乒乓球运动员与普通大学生乒乓球运动员在认知焦虑和躯体焦虑的强度分数上无差异;但与普通大学生乒乓球运动员相比,优秀乒乓球运动员认为这两种焦虑对其运动成绩的取得具有促进作用;两组运动员的自信心无差异。 相似文献
12.
Leigh F. Kieffer 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):550-561
Abstract The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) trait anxiety questionnaire was administered to all sixth-grade boys at one school (N = 181). Based on results of the questionnaire, 40 high-anxious and 40 low-anxious subjects were identified for participation in the study. Stratified random assignments of these subjects in a counterbalanced manner resulted in the creation of eight experimental groups. The effects of an audience and task difficulty on learning and performance were considered in the experimental design. Two social conditions—learning in the presence of a single spectator or alone—and two conditions of task difficulty on the pursuit rotor—hard and easy—were employed. Each subject was tested on one day, under one condition of task difficulty, and under one social condition. Data were treated with a three-factor multivariate analysis of variance. Dependent variables were three STAIC anxiety scale scores used to evaluate within-task feelings of anxiety and three mean performance scores for each of three blocks of pursuit rotor trials. The results of the analyses indicated that significant main effects due to social situation were not apparent until the last block of trials, when subjects in the spectator condition did better. State anxiety scores for those who performed alone were significantly higher than for those who performed with a spectator present over all blocks of trials. Although low-anxious subjects' overall mean performance scores were higher than high-anxious subjects' on the hard task, they were not significantly different from each other until the last block of trials. The overall mean performance scores for both groups for the easy task proved significantly higher for the low-anxious group. Though the results partially support the hypothesis that a spectator increases the learner's drive and facilitates performance, the majority of the results favor the theoretical hypotheses that a spectator reduces drive and serves to console or reassure the learner. 相似文献
13.
竞赛状态焦虑的强度和方向性及其与长跑成绩的相关研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
本文考察了竞赛状态焦虑的强度和方向性这两个维度及其与大学生长跑考试成绩之间的关系。研究结果表明：（１）竞赛状态焦虑的强度和方向性是两个独立的维度;（２）ＣＳＡＩ－２（复合版）问卷各分量表的强度和方向性的得分均与长跑成绩有显著意义的相关,但只有状态自信心的方向性是预测长跑成绩的重要因子。 相似文献
14.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):143-152
Abstract This study investigated whether self-modeling plus physical practice would improve intermediate level figure skaters’ jump performance, as well as their self-efficacy, motivation, and state anxiety, when compared to physical practice alone. Twelve female figure skaters (M=13.4 years of age, SD=1.4) participated in a within-participant design where they received a self-modeling intervention for one jump and a control condition for another jump. They were also compared with a separate control group of 7 skaters (M=14.2 years of age, SD=2.35) who received no intervention. We hypothesized that skaters would show greater improvement in physical and psychological performance scores for jumps in the self-modeling condition than for jumps in the control conditions. We also hypothesized that increased self-efficacy and motivation and decreased state anxiety would mediate the relationship between self-modeling and physical performance. Counter to our predictions, no differences existed between the two conditions for the self-modeling group or between the self-modeling group and the control group. Despite the lack of statistical support for our hypotheses, skaters’ evaluation of the intervention was very positive and suggests possible explanations for the results. 相似文献
15.
Richard Buscombe Tim Holder Richard Thelwell Matt Rimmer 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1265-1272
Abstract In this study, we examined the impact of a male opponent's pre-match body language and clothing (general vs. sports-specific) on how his performances were judged by an observer. Forty male tennis players viewed videos of a male target tennis player warming up and then observed playing footage of the target. Each participant viewed the target player warming up displaying one of four combinations of body language and clothing (positive body language/tennis-specific clothing; positive body language/general sportswear; negative body language/tennis-specific clothing; negative body language/general sportswear). Participants rated the performance of the tennis player and gave their perceptions of the likely outcome of a tennis match with the target player. Analyses of variance indicated that clothing and body language had an interactive effect on both outcome expectations and ratings of performance. The findings support the contention that the initial impressions athletes form of their opponents can influence the way in which they judge the performances of opponents and their perceived likelihood of success against the same opponents. 相似文献
16.
ABSTRACTThis study is a systematic review of match analyses of table tennis that can be used for reference in China. Using the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) as the search tool and “table tennis” as the keyword, we searched for all papers on table tennis published in Chinese core sports journals between 1980 and 2016. Then, we read through 1209 papers and divided them into different categories according to their publication types and main topics. Among them, 128 papers on match analyses met three inclusion criteria, and hence they were chosen as the reviewed studies. The results show that match analyses of table tennis in China have a sound research foundation, with the “three-phase evaluation method” and research on different topics playing an active role in helping coaches and players understand table tennis matches. Computer-aided match analysis not only enhanced the capacity and speed of data processing, but it also facilitated coaches’ and players’ understanding of tactical features by video feedback and multimedia presentation. Although match analyses of table tennis based on different theories or models are still in a preliminary stage, these studies are indeed pushing the development of this field. 相似文献
17.
Evelyn Gay Hall 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):306-314
Abstract The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to determine the effect of locus of control (internal-external), success-failure, and trait anxiety (A-trait) on the perception of threat to self following competitive motor performance, as measured by postperformance state anxiety (A-state); and (b) to examine effects of success-failure relative to locus of control, as measured by self-protective answers on a postperformance attribution questionnaire. In addition, postperformance A-state relative to number of internal attributions was investigated. Two groups of subjects (N = 32) satisfying the criteria for internal-external control were subdivided by sex and randomly assigned to success-failure conditions. A-trait and preperformance A-state were assessed by the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) prior to the experimental treatment, and A-state measurement was repeated following the experimental treatment. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed significant interaction effects of success-failure and locus of control relative to postperformance A-state. Univariate ANOVA revealed that externals were significantly higher on A-trait than internals. Regression analyses showed significant relationships for A-trait and pre- and postperformance A-state, as well as for relationship of postperformance A-state to number of internal attributions. 相似文献
18.
Purpose:We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of training to muscle failure or non-failure on muscular strength and hypertrophy.Methods:Meta-analyses of effect sizes(ESs)explored the effects of training to failure vs.non-failure on strength and hypertrophy.Subgroup meta-analyses explored potential moderating effects of variables such as training status(trained vs.untrained),training volume(volume equated vs.volume non-equated),body region(upper vs.lower),exercise selection(multi-vs.single-joint exercises(only for strength)),and study design(independent vs.dependent groups).Results:Fifteen studies were included in the review.All studies included young adults as participants.Meta-analysis indicated no significant difference between the training conditions for muscular strength(ES=-0.09,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-0.22 to 0.05)and for hypertrophy(ES=0.22,95%CI:-0.11 to 0.55).Subgroup analyses that stratified the studies according to body region,exercise selection,or study design showed no significant differences between training conditions.In studies that did not equate training volume between the groups,the analysis showed significant favoring of non-failure training on strength gains(ES=-0.32,95%CI:-0.57 to-0.07).In the subgroup analysis for resistance-trained individuals,the analysis showed a significant effect of training to failure for muscle hypertrophy(ES=0.15,95%CI:0.03-0.26).Conclusion:Training to muscle failure does not seem to be required for gains in strength and muscle size.However,training in this manner does not seem to have detrimental effects on these adaptations,either.More studies should be conducted among older adults and highly trained individuals to improve the generalizability of these findings. 相似文献
19.
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine: (a) if preperformance behaviors display a consistent rhythm across disparate activities; and (b) the relationship of periodicity for such preperformance routines to successful performance. Seven male volunteers were subjects for this study. Each subject had an established ritual for golf putt, basketball free throw, and tennis serve. Data were collected with a motion-analysis system and video camera while the subjects performed each activity. Dependent measures were types of preperformance behaviors, absolute timing of behaviors, relative timing of behaviors, differences in relative times across activities, and successful performance, and mechanical variables related to performance. Analysis of variance (Subject x Activity) indicated significant main effects and interactions for absolute and relative timing of behaviors. Significant correlations were determined to exist between relative time and success, and differences were found between relative times across activity and successful performance. It was concluded that rituals result from endogenous rhythms and that stable periodicity of behaviors across activities promotes successful performance. 相似文献
20.
我国优秀乒乓球人才流动特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对新中国成立以来不同时期中国优秀乒乓球人才国内、国外流动方向、范围、规模等方面的研究,探究我国优秀乒乓球人才流动的特征与趋势,结果表明:(1)优秀乒乓球人才流动始终以垂直流动为主要方式;(2)优秀乒乓球人才在国内、国际流动的区域呈现出不均衡的分布趋势;(3)优秀乒乓球人才资源丰富与基层群众文化发展的急需相矛盾、脱节;(4)优秀乒乓球人才职业转换的跨度、范围增大,自主性流动趋势增强;(5)优秀乒乓球人才的流动促进r乒乓球运动全球化整体的发展与提高,推动了中国文化的繁荣与世界文化的全面交融. 相似文献