共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Perception of affordances research in children with developmental disabilities has only examined well practiced skills. Ten toddlers with Down syndrome and 10 with typical development walked across a GAITRite mat, with and without an obstacle. We coded the toddlers' behaviors after 1 and 3 months of walking experience when they encountered the obstacle (avoid, crawl, error and walk successfully) and calculated gait parameters (step length, width, and velocity). Both groups actively explored their affordances. Despite similar decreases in step length and velocity when approaching the obstacle, toddlers with Down syndrome were more likely to select successful but conservative crawling strategies that minimized balance requirements and reduced risk of falling. Group differences were due to risk management rather than difficulty perceiving affordances. 相似文献
2.
Race walking is an Olympic event where no visible loss of contact should occur and the knee must be straightened until midstance. The purpose of this study was to analyse ground reaction forces of world-class race walkers and associate them with key spatiotemporal variables. Nineteen athletes race walked along an indoor track and made contact with two force plates (1000 Hz) while being filmed using high-speed videography (100 Hz). Race walking speed was correlated with flight time (r = .46, p = .049) and flight distance (r = .69, p = .001). The knee's movement from hyperextension to flexion during late stance meant the vertical push-off force that followed midstance was smaller than the earlier loading peak (p < .001), resulting in a flattened profile. Athletes with narrower stride widths experienced reduced peak braking forces (r = .49, p = .046), peak propulsive forces (r = .54, p = .027), peak medial forces (r = .63, p = .007) and peak vertical push-off forces (r = .60, p = .011). Lower fluctuations in speed during stance were associated with higher stride frequencies (r = .69, p = .001), and highlighted the importance of avoiding too much braking in early stance. The flattened trajectory and consequential decrease in vertical propulsion might help the race walker avoid visible loss of contact (although non-visible flight times were useful in increasing stride length), while a narrow stride width was important in reducing peak forces in all three directions and could improve movement efficiency. 相似文献
3.
张少伟 《沈阳体育学院学报》2012,31(4):76-78
研究肥胖儿童正常行走时的步态特征,对了解其运动方式和肥胖引起儿童足部结构的变化特点具有重要意义。采用三维摄像,对30名7岁肥胖男童与30名正常男童行走时步态进行比较研究。结论:肥胖儿童与正常儿童相比,行走时一个步态周期时间的绝对值上显著性增大;肥胖儿童单步长、步频以及步速均低于正常儿童,而步宽值比正常儿童宽;下肢关节角度活动范围表明肥胖儿童蹬伸不充分;足步向角度,表明肥胖组为典型的外八字步态。 相似文献
4.
Abstract Perception of affordances research in children with developmental disabilities has only examined well practiced skills. Ten toddlers with Down syndrome and 10 with typical development walked across a GAITRite mat, with and without an obstacle. We coded the toddlers' behaviors after 1 and 3 months of walking experience when they encountered the obstacle (avoid, crawl, error, and walk successfully) and calculated gait parameters (step length, width, and velocity). Both groups actively explored their affordances. Despite similar decreases in step length and velocity when approaching the obstacle, toddlers with Down syndrome were more likely to select successful but conservative crawling strategies that minimized balance requirements and reduced risk of falling. Group differences were due to risk management rather than difficulty perceiving affordances. 相似文献
5.
Denise McGrath Barry R. Greene Karol J. O’Donovan Brian Caulfield 《Sports Engineering》2012,15(4):207-213
Wireless sensing solutions that provide accurate long-term monitoring of walking and running gait characteristics in a real-world environment would be an excellent tool for sport scientist researchers and practitioners. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of a body-worn wireless gyroscope-based gait analysis application to a marker-based motion capture system for the detection of heel-strike and toe-off and subsequent calculation of gait parameters during walking and running. The gait application consists of a set of wireless inertial sensors and an adaptive algorithm for the calculation of temporal gait parameters. Five healthy subjects were asked to walk and run on a treadmill at two different walking speeds (2 and 4?kph) and at a jogging (8?kph) and running (12?kph) speed. Data were simultaneously acquired from both systems. True error, percentage error and ICC scores indicate that the adaptive algorithm successfully calculated strides times across all speeds. However, results showed poor to moderate agreement for stance and swing times. We conclude that this gait analysis platform is valid for determining stride times in both walking and running. This is a useful application, particularly in the sporting arena, where long-term monitoring of running gait characteristics outside of the laboratory is of interest. 相似文献
6.
The impact of Nordic walking training on the gait of the elderly 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Khaireddine Ben Mansour Philippe Gorce Nasser Rezzoug 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(20):2368-2374
The purpose of the current study was to define the impact of regular practice of Nordic walking on the gait of the elderly. Thereby, we aimed to determine whether the gait characteristics of active elderly persons practicing Nordic walking are more similar to healthy adults than that of the sedentary elderly. Comparison was made based on parameters computed from three inertial sensors during walking at a freely chosen velocity. Results showed differences in gait pattern in terms of the amplitude computed from acceleration and angular velocity at the lumbar region (root mean square), the distribution (Skewness) quantified from the vertical and Euclidean norm of the lumbar acceleration, the complexity (Sample Entropy) of the mediolateral component of lumbar angular velocity and the Euclidean norm of the shank acceleration and angular velocity, the regularity of the lower limbs, the spatiotemporal parameters and the variability (standard deviation) of stance and stride durations. These findings reveal that the pattern of active elderly differs significantly from sedentary elderly of the same age while similarity was observed between the active elderly and healthy adults. These results advance that regular physical activity such as Nordic walking may counteract the deterioration of gait quality that occurs with aging. 相似文献
7.
Taeyou Jung Yumi Kim Hyosok Lim Konstantinos Vrongistinos 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2019,18(3):297-307
The purpose of this study was to investigate kinematic and spatiotemporal variables of aquatic treadmill walking at three different water depths. A total of 15 healthy individuals completed three two-minute walking trials at three different water depths. The aquatic treadmill walking was conducted at waist-depth, chest-depth and neck-depth, while a customised 3-D underwater motion analysis system captured their walking. Each participant’s self-selected walking speed at the waist level was used as a reference speed, which was applied to the remaining two test conditions. A repeated measures ANOVA showed statistically significant differences among the three walking conditions in stride length, cadence, peak hip extension, hip range of motion (ROM), peak ankle plantar flexion and ankle ROM (All p values < 0.05). The participants walked with increased stride length and decreased cadence during neck level as compared to waist and chest level. They also showed increased ankle ROM and decreased hip ROM as the water depth rose from waist and chest to the neck level. However, our study found no significant difference between waist and chest level water in all variables. Hydrodynamics, such as buoyancy and drag force, in response to changes in water depths, can affect gait patterns during aquatic treadmill walking. 相似文献
8.
Emmanuel S. Da Rocha Marcos R. Kunzler Maarten F. Bobbert Jacques Duysens 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(11):1305-1311
Walking is one of the preferred exercises among elderly, but could a prolonged walking increase gait variability, a risk factor for a fall in the elderly? Here we determine whether 30 min of treadmill walking increases coefficient of variation of gait in elderly. Because gait responses to exercise depend on fitness level, we included 15 sedentary and 15 active elderly. Sedentary participants preferred a lower gait speed and made smaller steps than the actives. Step length coefficient of variation decreased ~16.9% by the end of the exercise in both the groups. Stride length coefficient of variation decreased ~9% after 10 minutes of walking, and sedentary elderly showed a slightly larger step width coefficient of variation (~2%) at 10 min than active elderly. Active elderly showed higher walk ratio (step length/cadence) than sedentary in all times of walking, but the times did not differ in both the groups. In conclusion, treadmill gait kinematics differ between sedentary and active elderly, but changes over time are similar in sedentary and active elderly. As a practical implication, 30 min of walking might be a good strategy of exercise for elderly, independently of the fitness level, because it did not increase variability in step and stride kinematics, which is considered a risk of fall in this population. 相似文献
9.
Cristina Cadenas-Sánchez Raúl Arellano Sonia Taladriz Gracia López-Contreras 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(3):224-231
The aim of this study was to examine spatiotemporal characteristics and joint angles during forward and backward walking in water at low and high stride frequency. Eight healthy adults (22.1 ± 1.1 years) walked forward and backward underwater at low (50 pulses) and high frequency (80 pulses) at the xiphoid process level with arms crossed at the chest. The main differences observed were that the participants presented a greater speed (0.58 vs. 0.85 m/s) and more asymmetry of the step length (1.24 vs. 1.48) at high frequency whilst the stride and step length (0.84 vs. 0.7 m and 0.43 vs. 0.35 m, respectively) were lower compared to low frequency (P < 0.05). Support phase duration was higher at forward walking than backward walking (61.2 vs. 59.0%). At initial contact, we showed that during forward walking, the ankle and hip presented more flexion than during backward walking (ankle: 84.0 vs. 91.8º and hip: 22.8 vs. 8.0º; P < 0.001). At final stance, the knee and hip were more flexed at low frequency than at high frequency (knee: 150.0 vs. 157.0º and hip: ?12.2 vs. –14.5º; P < 0.001). The knee angle showed more flexion at forward walking (134.0º) than backward walking (173.1º) (P < 0.001). In conclusion, these results show how forward and backward walking in water at different frequencies differ and contribute to a better understanding of this activity in training and rehabilitation. 相似文献
10.
排球运动员步态支撑期的足底压力特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过测试得到排球运动员步态中足底压力的主要特征,并比较膝关节损伤运动员与无膝关节损伤运动员的足底压力特征,尝试分析膝关节损伤对足底压力产生的变化,为排球运动员正常步态数据提供可信的参考标准。选取北京体育大学竞技体育学院排球专项学生共48人(26男、22女)作为研究对象。运用FOOTSCAN足底压力分布测量系统和QUALISYS-MCU500红外运动测试系统的6个摄像头采集足底压力及步态基本运动学参数,测量被试者赤足状态下的步态。要求被试者以自己正常的步速行走,左右脚分别测试3次。将足部分为10个解剖分区:第L趾骨(T1)、第2-5趾骨(T2-T5)、第1跖骨(M1)、第2跖骨(M2)、第3跖骨(M3)、第4跖骨(M4)、第5跖骨(M5)、足中部(MF)、足跟内侧(HM)和足跟外侧(HL)。选取各个分区的接触开始时刻、接触结束时刻、最大压强时刻、接触时间作为时间指标。根据足底压力数据,男女排球运动员在步态支撑时期不同阶段的比例分别为:着地阶段(6.2%男,6.4%女)、前足接触阶段(5.5%男,6.6%女)、整足接触阶段(43.44%男,40.4%女)、离地阶段(42.9%男,46.5%女)。膝关节损伤运动员受伤腿足中部足底压强峰值明显低于未受伤腿。 相似文献
11.
With this research, we sought to establish the accuracy of stride velocity data collected by the s3 Stride Sensor Participants walked along a GAITRite mat at self-selected slow, preferred, and fast velocities, with two s3 Stride Sensors attached to their right foot. The start position was systematically varied such that the GAITRite system would record the second through sixth strides at each walking velocity. Both slow and preferred walking velocities were underestimated by 14% relative to the GAITRite (p < .05), while independent of walking velocity, Strides 2 and 3 were underestimated by 26% and 9% (p < .05), respectively. Researchers should use caution when interpreting data collected at slow and preferred walking velocities and during the first three strides. 相似文献
12.
Abstract The aim of this study was to analyse lower limb joint moments, powers and electromyography patterns in elite race walking. Twenty international male and female race walkers performed at their competitive pace in a laboratory setting. The collection of ground reaction forces (1000 Hz) was synchronised with two-dimensional high-speed videography (100 Hz) and electromyography of seven lower limb muscles (1000 Hz). As well as measuring key performance variables such as speed and stride length, normalised joint moments and powers were calculated. The rule in race walking which requires the knee to be extended from initial contact to midstance effectively made the knee redundant during stance with regard to energy generation. Instead, the leg functioned as a rigid lever which affected the role of the hip and ankle joints. The main contributors to energy generation were the hip extensors during late swing and early stance, and the ankle plantarflexors during late stance. The restricted functioning of the knee during stance meant that the importance of the swing leg in contributing to forward momentum was increased. The knee flexors underwent a phase of great energy absorption during the swing phase and this could increase the risk of injury to the hamstring muscles. 相似文献
13.
《运动与健康科学(英文)》2022,11(4):450-465
BackgroundThe biomechanics of the trunk and lower limbs during walking and running gait are frequently assessed in individuals with low back pain (LBP). Despite substantial research, it is still unclear whether consistent and generalizable changes in walking or running gait occur in association with LBP. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify whether there are differences in biomechanics during walking and running gait in individuals with acute and persistent LBP compared with back-healthy controls.MethodsA search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO in June 2019 and was repeated in December 2020. Studies were included if they reported biomechanical characteristics of individuals with and without LBP during steady-state or perturbed walking and running. Biomechanical data included spatiotemporal, kinematic, kinetic, and electromyography variables. The reporting quality and potential for bias of each study was assessed. Data were pooled where possible to compare the standardized mean differences (SMD) between back pain and back-healthy control groups.ResultsNinety-seven studies were included and reviewed. Two studies investigated acute pain and the rest investigated persistent pain. Nine studies investigated running gait. Of the studies, 20% had high reporting quality/low risk of bias. In comparison with back-healthy controls, individuals with persistent LBP walked slower (SMD = –0.59, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): –0.77 to –0.42)) and with shorter stride length (SMD = –0.38, 95%CI: –0.60 to –0.16). There were no differences in the amplitude of motion in the thoracic or lumbar spine, pelvis, or hips in individuals with LBP. During walking, coordination of motion between the thorax and the lumbar spine/pelvis was significantly more in-phase in the persistent LBP groups (SMD = –0.60, 95%CI: –0.90 to –0.30), and individuals with persistent LBP exhibited greater amplitude of activation in the paraspinal muscles (SMD = 0.52, 95%CI: 0.23–0.80). There were no consistent differences in running biomechanics between groups.ConclusionThere is moderate-to-strong evidence that individuals with persistent LBP demonstrate differences in walking gait compared to back-healthy controls. 相似文献
14.
旨在通过对不同速度和不同坡度的控制,比较受试者在步态跑台上步态参数的异同。为使步态跑台更好地应用于健身、训练及康复提供参考和建议。采集并比较14名健康大学生以三种不同速度、三种不同坡度走时的时空和动力学参数。结果发现:步幅、步长与速度正相关,双支撑时长、单脚支撑时长、每步时长、步态周期与速度呈负相关。支撑力、触地受力时长、推动力随着速度增加而减小。在不同坡度的条件下行走,步长随着坡度的上升而增加,步态周期则相反。随着坡度的增加,触底受力时长、推动力、支撑力均变小。X轴方向平均力值与速度和坡度均呈正相关。 相似文献
15.
Browning RC Kurtz RN Kerherve H 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2012,11(1):73-84
Snowshoeing is a popular form of winter recreation due to the development of lightweight snowshoes that provide flotation, traction, and stability. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of snowshoes on lower extremity kinematics during level walking. Twelve adults (6 males, 6 females, body mass = 67.5 +/- 10.7kg) completed six 3-minute level walking trials. Subjects walked overground without snowshoes and on packed snow using conventional and flexible tail snowshoes. We placed lightweight inertial/gyroscopic sensors on the sacrum, thigh, shank, and foot. We recorded sensor orientation and calculated hip, knee, and ankle joint angles and angular velocities. Compared to level overground walking, subjects had greater hip and knee flexion during stance and greater hip flexion during swing while snowshoeing. Ankle plantarflexion began during late swing when snowshoeing vs. heel strike during overground walking. Lower extremity kinematics were similar across snowshoe frame designs during level walking. Our results show that snowshoeing on packed snow results in a more flexed leg compared to overground walking and may reflect a strategy to limit the effects of walking with an extended heel. 相似文献
16.
女子竞走运动员朱晓兰在训练状态下,用3种不同走速(低、中、高)分别走完400米,用高速摄影机以200Hg拍摄其运动过程。用JTK影片解析系统进行数值化并作平滑处理。研究表明,随着走速的提高,支撑时间明显缩短,而其中前蹬时间缩短相对量要大于后蹬时间,步频明显加大,而步长变化不大;小腿的折迭加深,大小腿摆速加大;躯干的前倾角变大;而腾空与走速没有明显的关系。本论文进一步指出,只要动作结构合理,腾空高度与腾空时间是能够控制的。 相似文献
17.
The aim of the present study was to determine whether changing stance width would result in a corresponding change in postural and/or pistol stability. Twelve national-standard male air pistol shooters performed 10 shots each at five stance widths (30 cm, 45 cm, 60 cm, 75 cm, and 90 cm). Postural stability was determined by measuring centre-of-pressure changes with a dual force-platform system. Shooting mechanics measures were determined by a NOPTEL ST-2000 optoelectronic training system. Medial-lateral centre-of-pressure excursion (F?,?? = 7.17, P < 0.001, effect size = 0.99) and speed (F?,?? = 77.03, P < 0.001, effect size = 3.88) were reduced as stance width decreased. Centre of gravity fine (the percentage of time held within an area the size of the ten-ring) improved during narrower stance widths (F?,?? = 12.49, P < 0.001, effect size = 0.71). Our findings suggest that stance width affects postural and pistol stability in national-standard air pistol athletes. Moreover, the current method of suggesting a wider stance to improve shooting performance should be reconsidered and perhaps air-pistol shooters should use a 30-cm stance width to improve postural stability and shooting performance. 相似文献
18.
Schwameder H Lindenhofer E Müller E 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2005,4(2):227-243
Lower extremity joint loading during walking is strongly affected by the steepness of the slope and might cause pain and injuries in lower extremity joint structures. One feasible measure to reduce joint loading is the reduction of walking speed. Positive effects have been shown for level walking, but not for graded walking or hiking conditions. The aim of the study was to quantify the effect of walking speed (separated into the two components, step length and cadence) on the joint power of the hip, knee and ankle and to determine the knee joint forces in uphill and downhill walking. Ten participants walked up and down a ramp with step lengths of 0.46, 0.575 and 0.69 m and cadences of 80, 100 and 120 steps per minute. The ramp was equipped with a force platform and the locomotion was filmed with a 60 Hz video camera. Loading of the lower extremity joints was determined using inverse dynamics. A two-dimensional knee model was used to calculate forces in the knee structures during the stance phase. Walking speed affected lower extremity joint loading substantially and significantly. Change of step length caused much greater loading changes for all joints compared with change of cadence; the effects were more distinct in downhill than in uphill walking. The results indicate that lower extremity joint loading can be effectively controlled by varying step length and cadence during graded uphill and downhill walking. Hikers can avoid or reduce pain and injuries by reducing walking speed, particularly in downhill walking. 相似文献
19.
目的:本实验通过测量在赤脚、平底鞋及10cm高跟鞋3种条件下,女性步态的特征,分析不同鞋子对足部及步态的影响。方法:使用G-WALK三维步态分析系统进行赤脚、平底鞋及10cm高跟鞋条件下的行走转身实验,测量其不同鞋子下步速、步长及步态周期。结果:本实验得出穿10cm高跟鞋时行走的步态特征是步速慢,步长变短,周期长。结论:因此长期穿高跟鞋对女性下肢及步态影响较大,会对身体造成伤害,建议少穿或者不穿高跟鞋。 相似文献
20.
Prof. Dr. U. Granacher 《Sportwissenschaft》2012,42(1):17-29