共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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目的:对篮球、手球、足球运动员的身体成分和肌肉力量进行比较分析,探讨三大球运动员身体素质的特点与差异,为运动训练以及运动员科学选材提供理论参考.方法:研究对象均为篮球、足球、手球二级以上专业运动员,均为男性,身高、体重、年龄和运动年限无明显差异,对研究对象进行体成分和肌肉力量测试及比较分析.结果:篮球组与手球组腹下脂肪比率、基础代谢、肥胖程度、BMI以及细胞液都有非常显著性差异(P＜0.01);篮球组与足球组之间下肢和腹下脂肪与体重比存有差异性(P＜0.05),胸下脂肪与体重比存有非常显著性差异(P＜0.01);手球运动员与足球运动员之间肥胖程度、BMI、细胞液和基础代谢均有非常显著性差异(P＜0.01);在上下肢力量方面篮球运动员与手球和足球运动员存有非常显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论:手球运动员在身高、体重、脂肪比率、BMI、细胞量、蛋白质、无机盐、细胞液方面都明显高于篮球和足球运动员;篮球运动员在力量方面比较占据优势;足球运动员身材相对较小,在体脂比率、BMI以及上下肢力量方面低于篮球和手球运动员. 相似文献
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为探索女子手球运动员月经异常的内分泌机制,以中国女子手球运动员为研究对象,测试月经正常和月经异常运动员的体脂%、血FSH、LH、E2、GH、Leptin、T、C、Ca、ACTH水平.结果:1)月经异常运动员比月经正常运动员的体脂%低.2)月经异常运动员比月经正常运动员Leptin、GH、FSH、LH、PRO、E2明显降低,而ACTH、C、T无显著差异.3)Leptin与GH、体脂%正相关,与C负相关;FSH与LH、E2和Ca正相关.4)月经异常内分泌特点有个体差异.结论:月经异常运动员HPO轴受到一定程度抑制,其原因与体脂、FSH、LH、PRO、E2、Leptin、GH水平偏低有关.推测血液Leptin过高或过低是导致运动员月经异常的重要原因,引起女子手球运动员月经异常的内分泌机制有个体差异,运动机能受月经异常影响较弱. 相似文献
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为研究中国女子手球队员身体形态特点,对国家女子手球队和地方队队员的身高、体重、体脂百分比进行测定,同时对北京奥运会参赛队伍队员的基本形态特点进行对比分析;对中国队不同优势手球运动员上臂和大腿的围度、上臂和膝屈伸的最大力量和爆发力进行了测定。研究结果如下：1）中国女子手球队运动员比地方队身材高大,皮脂百分比低,与欧洲强队有相似的身高和体重特点,比世界强队韩国队身材高大。身高和体重应与手球运动员攻防竞技水平相适应,就某一个成年手球运动员而言,要提高专项移动对抗能力,应使瘦体重尽量高。2）边锋比内卫、底线、守门员身高低、体重轻,而内卫、底线和守门员身材相似,中国女子手球运动员位置身材特点与世界强队相似。不同位置手球运动员身材特点不一样,以适应各位置攻防特点需求。3）优势手上臂瘦体重高于非优势手,对侧下肢屈伸的最大力量比同侧大,推测长期的手球运动对不同优势手运动员肢体形态、机能产生了一定影响。 相似文献
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冯连世 《体育科技文献通报》2005,13(11)
本文从运动生理学、运动生物化学的角度对运动员理想体重的确立、减体重的生理生化理论与方法、减体重的适宜幅度及其对运动员生理机能和运动能力的影响,运动员减体重过程中存在的问题、合理减体重的原则及措施等进行综述。1减体重的生理生化理论1.1体重与身体成分从生理学角度看,体重是指身体成分的总重量。人体体重的变化必须以身体成分的概念来表达,才具有客观性和科学性。1.2身体成分与运动能力的关系李云霞等对快速减体重后参加比赛的举重运动员体成分进行调查后发现,同一级别男运动员中,比赛成绩较好者,体脂百分含量较低、去脂体重较… 相似文献
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青少年优秀拳击运动员身体成分生理机能相对指标特征与聚类分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过对5个民族11名15~17岁拳击运动员15项身体成分、生理机能指标测定,与同一运动学校由多民族组成的足球、中长跑、射击项目同龄运动员5项身体成分指标和4项生理机能指标(-x±s)作差异显著性检验。检验结果显示:拳击运动员具有肌肉发达、等长瘦体重大和等长负荷脂肪量较大的特征。生理机能指标表现为肺活量绝对值大,肺活量/体重相对低(但差异无显著性意义)。说明青少年拳击运动员的体质偏向力量和耐力力量型。对其7项身体成分、生理机能派生指标作了聚类分析。结果显示:重量比率类、身高等重量类、呼吸机能类相对指标间有明显的类型特征,并存在一定的内在联系。 相似文献
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锻炼使人长寿,运动使人健康,这已是人所共知的普通常识,运动训练对人体的各种生理机能都有良好的促进作用,尤其是对人的心血管系统作用更是非同一般。国外研究表明,心脏的容积按照训练刺激的数量、时间和强度的增长而逐渐增大,东德曾将52名女子运动员——其中有800米跑、手球、滑雪、游泳、短跑运动员和体院学生与50名非运动员加以比较, 相似文献
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目的：研究我国优秀女子水球运动员身体成分与身体机能特点,为水球运动的发展提供研究和实践参考。方法：采用BODPOD空气置换法,对自我国5支省代表队的55名优秀女子水球运动员进行体成分与身体机能测试,并按照运动等级的不同进行统计分析。结果：55名运动员的体脂百分比（％）为24．02±4．86;健将级运动员比一级运动员的体重、握力与台阶指数都明显较大,差异具显著性（p〈0．05）,其它机能指标不具显著差异;我国优秀女子水球运动员的体脂百分比我国优秀女子游泳运动员高。结论：本研究提供了一些反映女子水球运动体质要求特点的测试数据;发现女子水球运动员有较高的体脂含量,应控制身体脂肪含量;健将级运动员比一级运动员体重更大,有更强的心肺功能与上肢力量。 相似文献
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现代手球是一种竞技性的运动,它对运动员机体的运动能力和机能状态提出很高要求。如要达到优异而稳定的成绩,在安排训练过程的时候,应当充分考虑到比赛的作用。在比赛条件下进行的研究对手球运动的理论和实 相似文献
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有效地控制手球运动员的教学过程,应作为研究优秀运动员和运动队模式的必要成份之一。在优秀运动员的模式示意图中,比赛模式被赋予首要地位,不是偶然的。比赛模式的建立,必须首先区分出比赛活动的主要成份,然后加上具体的用数字表示的内容。在现有的手球教学法文献中,评价各种比赛角色和球队的运动员比赛准则,按我们观点,从整体上看仍有不够科学之处。根据上述情况,我们确定了以下基本研究任务: 1、选出手球运动员比赛活动的主要成分。2、深入研究高级手球运动队和个人的比赛活动模式特征。对参加苏联第23届男子手球冠军赛各优胜队的教学调查结果,进行了分析研 相似文献
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顾建仁 《体育科技文献通报》2014,(6):44-45,60
本研究通过对江苏省男子手球队十二届全运会前的赛前训练期间,白细胞(WBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血尿素(BU)、肌酸激酶(CK)、血睾酮(T)、皮质醇(C)在训练各个阶段变化情况的分析研究,发现在赛前训练阶段强化对运动员的训练监控非常必要,可以为教练员制定训练计划提供重要指导,提高训练效果;赛前训练对男手运动员的WBC、BU影响不大,但要重视训练初期运动员血红蛋白(Hb)水平的下降;要重视赛前训练期间运动员最后一场教学比赛后的机体恢复,特别是肌肉疲劳的恢复工作,为下面的正式比赛做好准备;在赛前训练期间一定要做好营养品的针对性补充,只要营养品补充合理,配合训练计划的合理安排,在整个训练期间,运动员的机能水平均能维持在较为理想的状态。 相似文献
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Anis Chaouachi Matt Brughelli Gregory Levin Nahla Ben Brahim Boudhina John Cronin Karim Chamari 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(2):151-174
Abstract The objective of this study was to provide anthropometric, physiological, and performance characteristics of an elite international handball team. Twenty-one elite handball players were tested and categorized according to their playing positions (goalkeepers, backs, pivots, and wings). Testing consisted of anthropometric and physiological measures of height, body mass, percentage body fat and endurance ([Vdot]O2max), performance measures of speed (5, 10, and 30 m), strength (bench press and squat), unilateral and bilateral horizontal jumping ability, and a 5-jump horizontal test. Significant differences were found between player positions for some anthropometric characteristics (height and percentage body fat) but not for the physiological or performance characteristics. Strong correlations were noted between single leg horizontal jumping distances with 5-, 10-, and 30-m sprint times (r = 0.51–0.80; P < 0.01). The best predictors of sprint times were single leg horizontal jumping with the dominant leg and the distance measured for the 5-jump test, which when combined accounted for 72% of the common variance associated with sprint ability. In conclusion, performance abilities between positions in elite team-handball players appear to be very similar. Single leg horizontal jumping distance could be a specific standardized test for predicting sprinting ability in elite handball players. 相似文献
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Chiara Milanese Francesco Piscitelli Chiara Lampis Carlo Zancanaro 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1301-1309
Abstract Anthropometry and body composition were investigated in 43 female handball players from the Italian championships, grouped according to their competitive level (elite vs. sub-elite) or their playing position [goalkeeper (n = 7), back (n = 14), wing (n = 18), or pivot (n = 4)]. The anthropometry consisted of several circumferences, lengths, widths, and skinfold measurement at six sites; the regional and total body compositions were assessed by means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis, with a Bonferroni post-hoc test where needed. The results showed that elite players have significantly lower percentages of fat and higher bone mineral content than sub-elite as well as a clear tendency to accrue more lean mass, especially in upper limbs. Overall, the physical characteristics and body composition of handball players in Italy compared unfavourably with those in other countries, suggesting a need for improved selection and training. When playing position was included in the analysis of the whole group of handball players (n = 43) significant differences were found between the stature, mass, body mass index (BMI), several skinfolds, circumferences and lengths, and total body mineral mass, lean mass and fat mass of players in different positions. Post-hoc analysis suggests that players on the wing and in goalkeeper positions differed most from one another. These findings confirm and expand on previous data about the presence of anthropometric differences within playing positions in handball. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to investigate the throwing velocity and kinematics of overarm throwing in team handball of elite female and male handball players. Kinematics and ball velocity of a 7 metre-throw in eleven elite male (age 23.6 ± 5.2 yr, body mass 87.0 ± 6.8 kg, height 1.85 ± 0.05 m) and eleven elite female (age 20.3 ± 1.8 yr, body mass 69.9 ± 5.5 kg, height 1.75 ± 0.05 m) team handball players were recorded. The analysis consisted of maximal joint angles, angles at ball release, maximal angular velocities of the joint movements, and maximal linear velocities of the distal endpoints of segments and their timing during the throw. The ball release velocity of the male handball players was significantly higher than the females (21.1 vs. 19.2 m · s(-1); p < 0.05). No major differences in kinematics were found, except for the maximal endpoint velocities of the hand and wrist segment, indicating that male and female handball players throw with the same technique. It was concluded that differences in throwing velocity in elite male and female handball players are generally not the result of changes in kinematics in the joint movements. 相似文献
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Constitutional factors are relevant for outstanding performance in team handball. Only a few studies focus on female players, and positional specialization is likely to be necessary regarding constitutional demands. Therefore, the current study will research constitutional aspects concerning the different playing positions in female team handball with respect to the association between specialization and success. For this purpose, 654 female players from German clubs at all performance levels were tested regarding age, body height, body weight and body fat percentage in addition biographical data with respect to their handball career. These findings make it possible to calculate an expertise index stating the success of every player. Specialization can be quantified by applying a suitable formula to the data. After statistical analysis it is evident that there are significant differences between the positions regarding constitutional factors (e.?g., body height with p < 0.001, wing players being the smallest players). Expertise correlates with different constitutional performance factors for each position, e.?g. body height in goalkeepers (correlation coefficient 0.301). While specialization correlates positively with expertise regarding particular constitutional performance factors on some positions, e.?g. body height for half backs and goalkeepers (0.392; 0.306), it correlates negatively regarding the percentage of body fat for half backs (?0.267) and body weight for centre backs (?0.389). Consequently, position specialization is most probably contributing to success in female team handball. 相似文献
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Athanasios Mandroukas Thomas I. Metaxas Zacharoula Papadopoulou Jan Heller Nikos V. Margaritelis Kosmas Christoulas 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(20):2390-2395
ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to compare the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform composition of the deltoid and vastus lateralis muscles of the dominant and non-dominant limbs in handball players. Eleven male Greek elite handball players (age 22.6 ± 1.9 yrs, training experience 10.6 ± 2.1 yrs, height 184.1 ± 4.1 cm, and weight 81.0 ± 12.5 kg) participated in the study. Four muscle biopsies were obtained from the dominant and non-dominant deltoid and vastus lateralis muscles during the in-season period. The MHC composition was determined using SDS-PAGE. No significant difference was found between the dominant and non-dominant muscles; Deltoid muscle: MHC I [(95%CI = ?1.22, 0.33), P = 0.228], MHC ΙΙa [(95%CI = ?0.32, 1.59), P = 0.168] and MHC IIx [(95%CI = ?1.49, 1.10), P = 0.749]; Vastus lateralis muscle: MHC I [(95%CI = ?0.38, 0.63), P = 0.586], MHC ΙΙa [(95%CI = ?0.50, 0.65), P = 0.783] and MHC IIx [(95%CI = ?1.08, 0.42), P = 0.355]. The findings of the present study indicate that the greater use of the dominant limbs for throwing actions and body movements in handball do not lead to altered MHC isoform composition compared to the non-dominant limbs. 相似文献
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如何从科学的角度去把握业余手球运动训练的现状，对业余手球运动训练安排十分重要的课题之一，运动负荷是以身体练习为基本手段，对有机体施加的训练刺激。在手球训练过程中根据训练任务和对象的水平，逐步地有节奏地加大运动负荷，直至最大限度。 相似文献
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Esther Ubago-Guisado Jorge García-Unanue Jorge López-Fernández Javier Sánchez-Sánchez Leonor Gallardo 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(15):1484-1492
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare bone mass in young female athletes playing ball games on different types of playing surfaces. About 120 girls, 9–13 years of age (10.6 ± 1.5 years old Tanner I–III) were recruited and divided into prepubertal and pubertal groups. The sample represented 3 groups of athletes: soccer (N = 40), basketball (N = 40), and handball (N = 40); and 6 different playing surfaces (soccer – ground, soccer – artificial turf, basketball – synthetic, basketball – parquet, handball – synthetic, and handball – smooth concrete). Total and regional body composition (bone mass, fat mass, and lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The mechanical properties of the surfaces (force reduction, vertical deformation, and energy return) were measured with the Advanced Artificial Athlete (Triple A) method. The degree of sexual development was determined using Tanner test. The pubertal group showed that soccer players on the ground, basketball players on synthetic, and handball players on smooth concrete had higher values of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) (P < 0.05) than the soccer players on the artificial turf, basketball players on parquet, and handball players on synthetic. In conclusion, a hard playing surface, with less vertical deformation and force reduction, and greater energy return, is associated with higher levels of BMD and BMC in growing girls, regardless of the sport they practice. 相似文献