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运动员三部曲之三从优秀运动员到退役重新就业:成绩资本的利用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在第二部曲中我们谈到,优秀运动员之所以成为优秀运动员,依赖的是成绩资本.但优秀运动员并不是一种不变的身份或职业,它只是一个位置,随运动员成绩的存在而存在.运动成绩能够维持,也可以提高,或者下降.优秀运动员的地位也随其运动成绩的变化而变化,他有可能成为更高水平的运动员,也可能重新回到非运动员的行列.事实上,无论其运动成绩如何,运动员终将面临从优秀运动员到退役而重新就业.这是优秀运动员一生中的一个"转折点".在这个转折点上,有的人地位升迁,有的人地位下降,有的人则工作难寻.似乎有一种神秘力在冥冥中作用,它是最后的仲裁者,决定着优秀运动员的前程.第三部曲所要讨论的就是找出这个"仲裁者",揭开它的真面目. 相似文献
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从优秀运动员到退役重新就业：成绩资本的利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在第二部曲中我们谈到，优秀运动员之所以成为优秀运动员，依赖的是成绩资本。但优秀运动员并不是一种不变的身份或职业，它只是一个位置，随运动员成绩的存在而存在。运动成绩能够维持，也可以提高，或者下降。优秀运动员的地位也随其运动成绩的变化而变化，他有可能成为更高水平的运动员，也可能重新回到非运动员的行列。事实上，无论其运动成绩如何，运动员终将面临从优秀运动员到退役而重新就业。这是优秀运动员一生中的一个“转折点”。在这个转 相似文献
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篮球运动员的心理选拔问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于心理因素对篮球项目运动成绩影响，决定了心理选材在运动员选材体系中的重要地位。本文仅从建立选训结合的心理选拔体系的角度入手，对在不同年龄段选材和以何种指标进行选材的问题作出探讨，以及提出将心理选拔、心理教育与长期的科学训练融合为一个整体，以期为预测和培养优秀运动员的工作提供一定的设想与建议。 相似文献
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我国优秀女子蹦床运动员心理选材方法初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
刘光宏 《沈阳体育学院学报》2006,25(3):106-107
蹦床运动是一项对运动员的稳定性要求很高的竞技项目。由于蹦床项目运动的竞赛特点,稳定性对运动员在比赛中的取胜起着非常重要的作用。在紧张、激烈的赛场上,往往运动员心理状态的好坏决定着竞争的成败,这就决定了心理选材在运动员选材体系中的重要地位。从心理选材的科学依据、原则、选材与训练结合的心理选材体系入手,对在不同年龄段选材和以何种指标进行选材的问题做出探讨,以期为预测和培养优秀蹦床运动员的工作提供参考。 相似文献
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一、中外优秀男子400米跑运动员速度分析
400米跑是短跑中保持高速度距离最长和机体承受负荷最大的项目，是以4倍于100米距离连续进行大强度运动的“耐力性短跑”。400米跑运动员的体能储备与分配是决定运动员400米成绩的主要因素之一，运动员的体能储备与分配决定着400米跑的分段速度变化情况，分段速度的好坏，直接影响400米跑的成绩。国外高水平运动员的400米运动成绩与分段时间，建立了高水平运动员的400米运动成绩与分段时间的参照标准。 相似文献
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举重运动员在不同训练时期、阶段,采用何种训练方法手段,选择何种训练内容来发展力量素质,提高运动成绩,就此通过试验法和文献资料法进行研究和综合分析。提出:发展举重运动员力量素质的有效方法和手段;根据不同训练对象合理地选择专项训练内容;优秀运动员应精选训练内容,突出专项强化训练,使训练内容相对集中达到一致性,这些是提高专项运动成绩的重要因素。 相似文献
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目前,我国冬季运动项目的优秀运动员的文化素质偏低,在转业面临职业再分配的时候,运动员的文化素质与运动成绩不相协调的矛盾,就明显地暴露出来了。本文通过冬季运动项目的部分优秀运动员的智力状况调查,试图为运动员的培养、管理和职业再分配等工作,提供参考依据。 相似文献
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浦军 《山东体育学院学报》1996,(2)
跳远教学中的速度训练浦军速度是决定跳远成绩最主要的因素之一，国内外优秀跳远运动员的跑速与跳远成绩之间存在着十分相关的关系。根据前苏联田径教练员教科书所提供的材料，我们计算世界优秀男子跳远运动员的跑速与跳远成绩之间的相关系数为０．９６（Ｐ＜０．０１）。... 相似文献
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The purpose of this paper is to examine and map the process of Australian elite athlete development from an organisational perspective, that of 35 national sporting organisations (NSOs). Research on elite development has focused on the significance of economic and cultural factors (macro-level studies) and the role of sport science and athletes’ close environment (micro-level studies) in fostering success. In an effort to depict elite athlete development processes in a more inclusive way, this paper offers an evaluation of the ways elite athletes are nurtured from an Australian NSOs perspective adopting a meso-level approach (e.g., programs). The study is based on a document analysis examining 74 annual reports from 35 NSOs over a period of four years, before and after the Sydney Olympic Games and offers a generic framework of the Australian elite athlete development process. The resulting framework shows that various interested groups are involved with nurturing elite athletes through either initiating or implementing specially designed programs or other strategies that cultivate success, and helps broaden the definition of elite development. The implications of successful elite athlete development include increased finances and public profile for sports as well as the creation of pathways to increase interest in sport. 相似文献
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Increasing attention has been given to the effective development of elite athletes. In this inquiry, the authors used a historical case study to ascertain the ways elite athletes were developed in a different era of sport in the United States. Using the attraction, retention, and transition frameworks, the factors that fostered the development of athletes from the 1968 Summer Olympics were drawn out through oral history interviews. In total, interviews with 59 U.S. Olympians were conducted. The results reveal how the athletes experienced supportive recruitment and retention environments, were able to manage the difficulty of developing elite talent, and encountered both challenges and opportunities transitioning through and out of elite sport. This analysis demonstrates how sport development principles are diverse in their temporal relevance and reinforce the practical implications meant to serve the modern athlete. Further, at least some sport development principles could remain constant regardless of how context and elite athlete experiences evolve in the future. 相似文献
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Markus Gerber Ralf Brand Franziska Antoniewicz Sandrine Isoard-Gautheur Henrik Gustafsson Renzo Bianchi 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(14):1673-1680
The development of cynical attitudes towards elite sport is a core symptom of athlete burnout and has been associated with dropout from elite sport. To date, this phenomenon has mainly been studied by investigating explicit attitudes towards sport, whereas athletes’ automatic evaluations (i.e. implicit attitudes) that have been shown to influence behavior as well were not considered. This study aimed to compare explicit and implicit attitudes towards sport of young elite athletes with high (N = 24) versus low (N = 26) burnout symptoms. Using self-reported measures, general and athlete burnout symptoms were assessed. Additionally, a single-target implicit association test was administered to examine participants’ automatic evaluation of sport. Statistical analysis revealed greater emotional/physical exhaustion and sport devaluation in athletes reporting high compared to low burnout symptoms. Implicit attitudes towards sport did not significantly differ between the groups. Furthermore, no significant correlations were observed between different athlete burnout symptoms and implicit attitudes. Athletes with high burnout symptoms show a tendency to explicitly detach themselves from sport, thus fostering sport devaluation as a core symptom of athlete burnout. However, this process does not seem to be reflected in their implicit attitudes towards sport. 相似文献
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王擎宇 《体育科技文献通报》2013,21(1):67-69
当今世界体坛竞争越来越激烈,优秀竞技运动员的培养一直被认为是各国发展竞技体育的重要任务之一,加之现代社会越来越追求经济效益的最大化,所以在竞技运动体育中如何延长优秀竞技运动员的运动寿命、追求最大训练效益,是当前我国体育主管部门亟待解决的问题.本文运用文献资料、数理统计等研究方法,通过对中外优秀篮球运动员的运动寿命以及参加第29界奥运会男篮前三名队伍和中国队队员的年龄情况比较分析得出结论,并指出影响我国优秀篮球运动员运动寿命的因素. 相似文献
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Stuart G. Wilson Melissa J. Wilson Joseph Baker 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(5):661-670
This study sought to examine how parental sport involvement and attainment were related to the eventual level of competitive sport attained by their children. Athletes (n?=?229) were divided into three skill level groups (elite: n?=?139; pre-elite: n?=?33; non-elite: n?=?57), based on the peak competition level achieved in their career, which were compared using chi-squares tests of independence and analyses of variance according to parents sport characteristics provided through the Developmental History of Athletes Questionnaire. Parental recreational and competitive sport participation was overrepresented among elite athletes, as were parents who reached an elite level of sport themselves. Results were found to differ according to parent sex, with athlete skill level significantly related to the sport participation and skill level of fathers, but not mothers. Results suggest parental sport experiences at different levels of competition influence the development of athletes, although these relationships are subject to many factors. 相似文献
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Career development is crucial to the success of individuals, organizations and industries. As such, in many professions there are prescribed career development processes underpinned by legal and institutional policies that drive managerial practice. Although there has been sustained interest in understanding career development for athletes and building managerial strategies to assist in the process, there is little empirical knowledge about career development of coaches, and how management may assist in the process. The aim of this study is to explore the way in which sport policy discourse and agendas have impacted coach career development. This study demonstrates that coaches’ careers are not part of the policy discourse despite their important role in athlete performance, career development and sport organization development and success. Coaches are the key performance managers in sport and yet they are ignored by sport policy makers and managers when considering the development of the Australian sport workforce. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):115-126
Abstract The aim of this study was to determine whether quality of self-determined motivation at the start of the competitive season in elite athletes and symptoms of overtraining can predict athlete burnout propensity at the end of the season. The participants were 141 elite winter sport athletes. In September, at the beginning of the season, the athletes responded to a self-determined motivation questionnaire, while they answered questions assessing overtraining symptoms and burnout in March, at the end of the season. Findings indicated that self-determined motivation and symptoms of overtraining were negatively and positively linked respectively to dimensions of athlete burnout. The results suggest that self-determined motivation and symptoms of overtraining are both independently linked to signs of burnout in elite athletes and that although no moderating effect was found, pairing self-determined motivation with symptoms of overtraining increased the prediction of burnout in athletes at the end of the season. Our findings are in line with those of recent research (Cresswell & Eklund, 2005; Lemyre, Treasure, & Roberts, 2006) and support a motivational approach to study burnout in elite athletes. 相似文献
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Veerle De Bosscher 《Sport in Society》2018,21(2):331-355
AbstractThis paper discusses the utility of mixed methods research in international comparative studies on elite sport policies and (quantitative) composite indicators (CIs) in particular. It illustrates how complex and large amounts of data in 15 nations have been objectified into easily understood formats, CIs. Using a nine Pillar model, data were collected through a research inventory and surveys completed by 3142 elite athletes, 1376 coaches and 241 performance directors. Ninety-six critical success factors and 750 sub-factors were aggregated into a CI. The paper shows how CIs are helpful in identifying a possible (non) relationship between elite sport policies and success, in facilitating interpretation and comparison, and in understanding differences and convergences in elite sport systems. However, there are a number of drawbacks, for example, understanding elite sport policies as part of a broader social, cultural and political context. Complementary qualitative analysis is necessary and has been used to interpret elite sport policies of nations. 相似文献
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Veerle De Bosscher Paul De Knop Maarten van Bottenburg Simon Shibli Jerry Bingham 《Sport Management Review》2009,12(3):113-136
The aim of this article is to explore the relationship between elite sport policy systems (inputs and throughputs) and success in international competitions (outputs). A conceptual model of the sports policy factors, which lead to international sporting success, was implemented in an empirical environment in a pilot study with six nations. The study has sought to operationalise nine pillars, or key drivers in elite sport systems, into measurable concepts, which can be aggregated into an overall score for each pillar. In addition to a national sport policy questionnaire, athletes, coaches and performance directors were also involved in the collection of qualitative and quantitative data. Although the results are inconclusive, the findings suggest that some pillars could be regarded as possible drivers of an effective system because they were prioritised in the most successful sample nations: financial resources (pillar 1), athletic and post-career support (pillar 5), training facilities (pillar 6) and coach development (partly pillar 7). 相似文献