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产学研深度融合突破关键核心技术的演进研究 《科学学研究》2022,40(5):852-862
关键核心技术被“卡脖子”背景下，民营制造业领军企业怎样实现产学研深度融合突破关键核心技术成为亟待破解的现实与理论难题。本文以三一集团为例，深入探讨民营制造业领军企业产学研深度融合突破关键核心技术的演进路径，并依据“产学研深度融合——关键核心技术创新能力提升——关键核心技术突破”核心逻辑构建动态演进模型。研究发现：民营制造业领军企业产学研深度融合突破关键核心技术过程中，产学研融合策略经历了“松散型→探索型→利用型→深度融合型”的路径；关键核心技术创新能力遵循“关键核心零部件研发与制造能力→关键核心技术与工艺集成创新能力→关键核心产品整机自研与制造能力→关键核心产品数字化全面创新能力”逐阶提升路径，且存在逆向促进作用；关键核心技术突破遵循“功能性突破→性能性突破→可靠性突破→前沿性突破”的路径。研究结论丰富了产学研深度融合、关键核心技术与能力相关研究，对产学研深度融合突破关键核心技术的实践具有一定启示。 相似文献
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Ramesh Srinivasan Robin Boast Jonathan Furner Katherine M. Becvar 《The Information Society》2013,29(4):265-278
Web 2.0 technologies have introduced increasingly participatory practices to creating content, and museums are becoming interested in the potentials of “Museum 2.0” for reaching and engaging with new audiences. As technological advances are opening up the ways in which museums share information about the objects in their collections, the means by which museums create, handle, process, and transmit knowledge has become more transparent. For this to be done effectively, however, some underlying contradictions must be resolved between museum practices, which privilege the account of the “expert,” and distributed social technology practices, whose strengths lie in allowing for many, sometimes contradictory, perspectives. This article presents a theoretical position and framework for the adaptation of Web 2.0 technologies within the traditional work of the museum, in ways that support the generation and representation of knowledge in, by, and for diverse communities. We then expand on this theoretical perspective by discussing several case studies of exploratory work in this area, and close the article by presenting a few tactical, bottom-up initiatives that museums and distributed communities can take to facilitate the diffusion of this new conceptual framework. Though the subject of this article is online museums, the issues are relevant to all online collections, in particular portals, online public access catalogs (OPAC), and content management systems. 相似文献
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Barry Mahon 《Information processing & management》1980,16(6):305-311
The impact of telecommunications technology on the information profession is reviewed. The potential for the application of “information intelligence”—using the considerable know-how of the information profession—to new technologies is explored. It is concluded that there is much more to be gained from the application of professional knowledge to systems design than to the perfection of searching techniques on behalf of end users. 相似文献
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James W. Morentz 《The Information Society》2013,29(4):371-382
Abstract One facet of the Information Revolution in which the nation finds itself involves the utilization of computers, video systems, and a variety of telecommunications capabilities by those who must cope with emergency situations. Such technologies possess a significant potential for performing emergency public education and transmitting key information that is essential for survival. An “Emergency Public Information Competitive Challenge Grant,” under the aegis of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), has sponsored an effort to use computer technology—both large, time‐sharing systems and small personal computers—to develop “computer games” which will help teach techniques of emergency management to the public at large. 相似文献
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This article looks at the attitudes of UK academics toward new media, utilizing organizational and sociocultural understandings of fields of scholarly enquiry. It focuses on four traditionally distinct disciplines—art and design, computer science, health science, and politics and international relations—representative of the range of approaches in higher education. Agreement was found among respondents across disciplinary communities about what new media represent and how they support their work. Analysis of semantic differential charts identified two dimensions underlying attitudes—“flexibility” and “fitness for scholarly purposes.” Rather than being anchored by epistemological divisions, new media are assessed by practical viewpoints relating to the activity types they allow, and by traditional measures of reliability. In response to questions about other characteristics of their disciplines (such as reputation and audience diversity), distinctions are in evidence, although in some cases these are not traditional ones. 相似文献
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Carl DiSalvo 《The Information Society》2014,30(2):96-105
The notion of “critical making” suggests a new form of design, through which the political qualities of an issue are materialized by participatory means. In this essay I trace and describe this process through the Growbot Garden project—a design project directed at reimagining agricultural technologies to support small-scale agriculture. Through a discussion of this project I draw out the ways that politics were actively projected onto and through artifacts by the participants. In effect, these artifacts were a material expression of their desires and commitments. By creating these artifacts, the participants enacted a novel mode of “doing” political design as a collaborative and public endeavor of articulation. 相似文献
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Addressing the reasons for—and the solutions to—the “digital divide” has been on the public agenda since the emergence of the Internet. However, the term has meant quite different things, depending on the audience and the context, and these competing interpretations may in fact orient toward different policy outcomes. The goals of this article are twofold. First, the authors unpack the term “digital divide” and examine how it has been deployed and interpreted across a range of academic and policy discourses. Second, through a framing experiment embedded within a nationally representative survey, the authors demonstrate how presenting respondents with two different conceptual frames of the digital divide may lead to different perceptions of who is most accountable for addressing the issue. From this, they discuss the dynamic relationship between the construction and communication of policy discourse and the public understanding of the digital divide, as well as implications for effective communication about the digital divide and information and communication technology policy to the general public. 相似文献
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Abstract Like other technical changes, the new information technologies have inspired hopes and fears. The optimists celebrate the “technologies of freedom” and their potential for growth and autonomy, the enhancement of skills and culture, the elimination of unpleasant and boring tasks (Pool 1984). On the other hand, the pessimists fear dehumanized work, growing unemployment, and bureaucracy, with unavoidable threats to privacy (Mosco 1987; Robins and Webster 1983). In the communication and development debate, similar polarized attitudes are to be found. The technological optimists of the so‐called “modernization paradigm” claim that the transfer of information technologies to the developing world will spectacularly enhance the process of development. Commentators arguing from within this paradigm point out that the transfer of appropriate information technology can contribute to the creation of new social structures that will adequately respond to the needs of the developing world. At the other extreme, however, we have the technological pessimists, “the Luddites of the Information Revolution” (Tehranian 1985, 21). Proponents of this perspective perceive the transfer of information technology as necessarily reinforcing existing structures and thus exacerbating politico‐economic dependency and the loss of cultural identity. In our opinion, both positions possess partial truths. However, both are based on inadequate theoretical foundations—erroneous conceptions of the nature of technology and its relationship vis‐à‐vis society, and a misunderstanding of the concept of development. Consequently, the policy implications of each approach are less than helpful. Building on what we consider to be a more apt conceptual framework, the central argument of this paper is that the transfer of information technology can play a role, albeit limited, in the development process. 相似文献
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索菲亚·安蒂波里斯是欧洲最具战略地位的科技园区,已成为欧洲的"电信谷"。基于"社会技术"分层思想,从产业模式、政策法规和社会气质层面研究索菲亚转型发展中的社会技术创新及其作用机制。索菲亚转型发展中,形成了以"园区品牌"与"地方性生产网络"建构为代表的产业模式层面社会技术创新,以"中小企业促进政策"与"产业集群发展动议"为代表的政策法规层面社会技术创新,以"分权化"为标志的自由民主社会气质的塑造。 相似文献
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F.M. Clark 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1933,216(4):429-458
Throughout this paper data have been presented showing that the apparent inconsistency of the reported dielectric strength behavior of insulating liquids can be satisfactorily correlated if proper consideration be given to the state of the “purity” of the liquid itself. As a result it is suggested that insulating liquids should be classified as (a) “pure,” indicating those liquids free from dissolved gases as primary “impurities”; and (b) “impure,” including those liquids which contain dissolved gas. The breakdown mechanism depends on the distinctive behavior of these two general classes. “Pure” liquid breakdown is a function of charged particle formation. In part, this may be caused by the assumption of a charge by molecular aggregates, colloidal-like in nature. In part, the charge may arise from molecular ionization by collision. The latter occurs chiefly in the voltage range immediately preceding electrical rupture and is the chief cause of “pure” liquid insulation failure. The presence of the first type of charge—that is, the existence of a difference of potential between molecular aggregates and the liquid—is chiefly responsible for the variation in the time factor to breakdown.The breakdown of “impure” liquids is a function of dissolved gas elimination. This dissolved gas is eliminated as a result of changing solubility produced (a) by electro-striction effects, or (b) by changing pressure or temperature. The presence of secondary impurities such as dust particles and fibers, acts chiefly through the effect on increasing gassing tendencies.It is suggested further that the localization of dielectric breakdown in liquids, irrespective of the type or degree of “purity,” is chiefly in the “neutral membrane” located near the electrodes and formed by the discharge of particles. Such a “neutral membrane” results in a space charge effect giving marked drop in potential and as a result promoting ionization by collision effects in “pure” liquids and electro-striction effects in “impure” liquids. 相似文献
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中国的电子商务企业在过去10余年间,通过建立自主的技术研发与市场结构,成功实现了对发达国家领先企业的快速追赶。在中国独特的技术与市场情境下它们究竟是如何实现快速追赶的？本文选取阿里巴巴集团作为研究案例,提出了二次商业模式创新与技术创新的共演模型,较好地展现了两者的共演机制与共演阶段。二次商业模式创新的演进始于后发企业对支撑技术的引进,通过“二次商业模式创新—市场结构—竞争战略—技术创新—二次商业模式创新”的循环路径形成与本地技术创新的共演机制,并经过“支撑技术引进—自主技术创新—新兴技术引领”三个共演阶段,推动本地技术的快速发展与追赶。这一共演模型从二次商业模式创新与技术创新的复合视角丰富了后发企业追赶理论,为后发企业创新实践提供了借鉴。 相似文献
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The paper defines and validates a scale—CC-Qual—to assess the quality of services provided through a Collaborative Consumption (CC) model.The authors have borrowed a set of items arranged in eight dimensions from the literature on CC. A panel of selected practitioners (seven CEOs of CC companies) assisted in the design of the questionnaire, which was launched in June 2018. A sample of 127 questionnaires was used for exploratory factor analysis. A second sample of 301 users was used for confirmatory analysis using EQS 6.4 software.A scale of 21 items gathered under five dimensions is proposed. Accordingly, the perceived quality in CC is composed of five dimensions: three of them related to the interaction with the platform (“site organization”, “platform responsiveness and agility” and “legal protection and trustworthiness”), another related to the perceived quality of the peer service supplier (“peer service provider”) and the last one to assess the encounters with other consumers and with the person who provides the service (“social interaction”).This study provides a useful measure for the assessment of the perceived quality of CC services, regardless of the activity sector. This instrument might assist managers for both assessing and benchmarking. The instrument also provides independent and reliable information for customers. 相似文献
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Pernilla Gripenberg Ingjerd Skogseid Francesco Botto Andrea Silli Virpi Kristiina Tuunainen 《The Information Society》2013,29(1):3-14
This article compares four European information and communication technologies (ICT) development projects spawned by national and EU initiatives to create the “European information society.” These projects, which sought to support learning and better use of ICT, were all the result of opportunities opened up by political initiatives. The analysis indicates that the main problems that afflict these projects stem from varied expectations and interests of the major actors. These problems can be mitigated considerably if a feeling of ownership is generated among the participants. This sense of belonging, however, is difficult to foster in a “top-down” project. Hence there is a need for a better balance between the “top-down” and “bottom-up” influences in the development of such projects. 相似文献
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Systems integration encompasses both system design and management of supplier networks. We examine the “second face” of systems integration related to the organization and management of supplier networks. We analyze a unique dataset on the supply chains for three major U.S. weapon systems to examine how systems integrators balance the economies-of-scope benefits of general-purpose technologies and the benefits of horizontal supplier specialization. We show that horizontal specialization – an establishment’s focus on a particular market – differs with distance from the systems integrator. Systems integrators derive the benefits of specialization primarily (though not exclusively) from their direct suppliers, and they access general-purpose technologies from lower-tier suppliers. Some of the lower-tier suppliers themselves integrate complex subsystems, belying the image of the supplier network as a “production pyramid” with simple firms at its base. We further find that the supply chains of the three weapon systems that we study are dominated by facilities whose main line of business is in non-defense markets, because of the large number of lower-tier suppliers that serve commercial markets. This demonstrates the importance of the supply chain as a source of commercial-military integration, linking defense production to the wider economy and casting doubt on the view that there is a “wall of separation” that prevents the U.S. defense effort from gaining access to civilian technologies. 相似文献
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Arthur K. Doolittle 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1973,295(3):217-237
A volume—entropy—energy (VSE) equation of state, unlike a PVT equation of state, can be used to calculate “all conceivable” thermodynamic quantities, including specific heats, without supplemental calorimetric data. A VSE equation for liquids, based on simple theoretical concepts, is proposed and, in this paper, applied specifically to n-heptane. This equation of state requires only ten arbitrary parameters, seven of which may be calculated from data at but three temperatures, e.g., 25°, 50° and the normal boiling point. It yields calculated values of many thermodynamic properties nearly as accurate as the best experimental data, from a few degrees above the melting temperature all the way to the critical temperature. PVT equations of state of comparable accuracy over such broad ranges would require at least as many parameters, as well as supplemental calorimetric data, to calculate many thermodynamic quantities that are obtainable directly from our VSE equation. 相似文献
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Liza Hopkins 《The Information Society》2013,29(5):379-384
Much time and money has been committed by governments, private business, and the third sector over the last 5 years in establishing opportunities for underserved populations to gain access to new forms of information and communication technologies, in an effort to overcome the so-called “digital divide.” This article traces the efforts that have been made to establish a networked community at a single high-rise public housing estate in inner Melbourne, Australia, and considers some of the potential opportunities for and barriers to ensuring the continuity of the network, which is large, complex, costly, and potentially fragile, into the future. 相似文献
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Hao Xiaoming 《The Information Society》2013,29(4):303-304
Abstract Several information processing technologies which are capable of augmenting human performance in handling a range of emergency situations are featured in this discussion. Among the more sophisticated systems which have proven useful in enhancing information collection, transmission, and selective processing are packet radio networks, “expert planning systems,” multiple‐satellite technology, and such related emerging developments as “internetting” and “machine intelligence.” 相似文献
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专业认证是国家对高等教育进行专业评价的基本方式,也是提高高等教育质量的重要途径,而产出导向是专业认证的基本理念之一。课程是人才培养的核心要素,课程教学方案的设计影响着人才培养目标的实现成效。在东北师范大学专业认证的背景下,该文以“公共管理研究方法”课程为样本,以“人才培养目标—毕业要求—课程目标”相匹配的设计思路,围绕课程目标、课程内容、教学方法和课程评价四个课程教学核心,阐述了产出导向理念的实现路径。 相似文献
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彩调作为国家非物质文化遗产和广西优秀戏曲,曾经得到很好的传承与发展,但由于市场化的冲击,其传承和发展陷入了困境。"互联网+"是互联网与传统行业的深度融合,同时对传统行业的产品、市场、用户进行深度整合并重构传统商业形态和业态。在"互联网+"时代探索彩调传承与发展的新出路,构建"互联网+彩调"的新型传承与发展模式对广西民族文化艺术的传承与创新具有借鉴意义。 相似文献