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[目的/意义]科学研究为技术创新提供知识基础，技术创新吸收利用科学知识是重要的技术创新方式。在技术创新过程中被采纳的科学知识，作为基础研究与技术创新的桥梁，其特征对采纳效果的提升发挥着重要作用。前人研究证明，知识的来源特征作为一种便捷的价值呈现方式，会对受众的注意力分配与信息筛选过程产生影响。但这种影响在从科学到技术这一跨界信息传播过程中是否存在、有何表现，仍待探究。[方法/过程]本研究从专利引用论文的视角探究技术对科学知识的采纳，构建1800—2018年全领域专利引用论文的数据集，测度科学知识的来源特征，分析其分布情况、变化趋势，并进一步构建回归数据集，使用回归模型，探究来源特征对采纳强度、采纳速度、采纳广度的影响。[结果/结论]结果显示：(1)科技融合创新成为趋势，创新活动更加精细化，科学知识被技术采纳的速度提升，但广度与强度降低；(2)科学知识来源特征显著影响采纳效果，来自更高影响力生产者与传播者的科学知识，效果更好；(3)科学知识的技术采纳过程具有明显的学科领域差异，实践性较强的领域科学知识利用虽然更多、更迅速，但这些知识往往不能产生较强的技术影响力。 相似文献
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科技成果的新颖性判断研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文从科技成果管理的角度出发,结合作者的科技成果管理知识和工作经验,对科技成果的核心—科技成果的新颖性作了一些探讨和研究,阐述了科技成果新颖性的概念、判断的原则、如何判断的关键点;阐明了科技成果的创新点(新颖性)的提炼方法。 相似文献
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选择合适的时机与供应商建立稳定关系是提升制造商创新绩效的重要前提，但已有相关研究大多忽视合作时机这一重要因素，或简单采用二分法割裂时机阶段。为此，将制造商与供应商合作时机分为创意想法产生、技术孵化、产品开发、产品推广、商业化等阶段，以来自制造企业的472份问卷调研数据，运用多元回归法实证分析制造商与供应商合作时机对企业创新绩效的影响，并基于知识观探索技术知识新颖性与市场知识新颖性所发挥的权变作用。结果显示：（1）制造商通常在技术孵化、产品开发与产品推广阶段选择与供应商建立连接，合作时机对创新绩效的影响呈现倒“U”型关系，中期阶段与供应商建立合作更能促进制造商创新绩效提升；（2）技术知识新颖性与市场知识新颖性均对制造商与供应商合作时机和创新绩效之间的关系产生正向调节效应。因此，企业应重视与供应商合作时机的重要性，针对不同创新阶段制定差异化的供应商激活与引入策略。 相似文献
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《科学学与科学技术管理》2021,(8)
作为创新活动中的一流人才,明星发明人具有丰富的专业知识、较高知名度和广泛的影响力,是影响团队创新产出的关键因素。那么,是不是具有明星发明人的团队创新产出一定高呢?现有文献对于二者之间关系研究的结论尚未达成一致,虽然已有学者关注到明星发明人在团队创新活动中既发挥了积极作用也产生了消极影响,但鲜有研究从团队创新产出二元性的视角对明星发明人效应进行深入剖析。以知识重组理论为基础,结合Singh等(2010)、Jung等(2016)及Kaplan等(2014)的研究,将团队创新产出分为新颖性和影响力两个维度,探究明星发明人对团队创新产出新颖性和影响力的双面效应,并且进一步检验了团队合作经验的调节作用。以石墨烯技术领域作为样本,在观测期共筛选出1391条授权专利,1200个创新团队,采用标准负二项模型进行了假设检验。实证结果表明:明星发明人对创新团队产出新颖性具有显著负向影响,但对创新团队产出影响力具有显著正向影响;团队合作经验会削弱明星发明人对创新团队产出新颖性的负向影响,即团队合作经验越丰富,明星发明人与团队产出新颖性之间关系越弱,但团队合作经验对明星发明人与团队产出影响力之间关系的调节作用不显著。研究在团队层面验证了明星发明人的双面效应,为组建创新团队提供一定参考。 相似文献
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通过合作申请专利计量信息,采用SPSS统计分析法和社会网络分析法,分析支点城市广州与“一带一路”沿线省区市协同科技创新特征。研究发现:(1)支点城市与“一带一路”沿线省区市协同科技创新行为具有地理邻近、经济邻近、组织邻近和技术邻近特征。(2)支点城市与“一带一路”沿线省区市协同科技创新网络具有“小世界”特征。(3)支点城市与“一带一路”沿线省区市应该结合自身优势,适当增加研究与试验发展经费、人员投入,改善网络邮电通讯设施,优化协同科技创新条件。 相似文献
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在复杂多变的市场环境下,企业管理者如何建立外部网络关系、利用外部知识,进而提升创新绩效,对企业的发展具有重要意义。以实证方式,研究了外部联结(联结强度,联结广度)、知识共享有效性(新颖性和理解程度)和团队创新绩效三者之间的关系。通过来自汽车行业中181份有效问卷得来的数据来论证本文的假设。结果表明:联结强度对团队创新绩效有显著的正影响;新颖性、理解程度在联结强度、联结广度与团队创新绩效的关系中起中介作用。 相似文献
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面对激烈的"红海"竞争环境,企业对"蓝海战略"的关注日益增加,然而对"蓝海"市场的误判已经成为许多创业企业失败的根源之一.本文采用问卷、访谈和实地观察的调研方法,从顾客需求、现有竞争、价值系统创新尝试、潜在收益和风险4个方面对中国民用成套竹板式家具市场进行分析,从而提炼出"蓝海"市场的关键特征和判断依据.除了新颖性、独特性、竞争不充分、风险性等特征,还应包括需求真伪性、规模、稳定性、可测性、聚焦于核心诉求,以及相对性.对关键特征的有效识别有助于企业避免落入"蓝海陷阱".最后,针对中国民用成套竹板式家具市场的实践者和潜在进入者,给予出针对性的建议. 相似文献
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在国家创新体系中,制造业企业,特别是中低技术企业作为科技创新的需求侧,是科技创新转移和扩散的对象。中低技术制造企业的转型升级不仅依靠吸收新技术提升技术能力,中国制造业的产业组织、制造企业的知识基础和发展路径等特征共同决定了依靠非研发创新为技术能力提升提供互补性资源的重要性。从新颖性、知识类型和创新方式3个角度,对"非研发创新"的内涵进行界定,并提出培育中低技术制造企业非研发创新能力的渠道。 相似文献
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A challenge for sentence categorization and novelty mining is to detect not only when text is relevant to the user’s information need, but also when it contains something new which the user has not seen before. It involves two tasks that need to be solved. The first is identifying relevant sentences (categorization) and the second is identifying new information from those relevant sentences (novelty mining). Many previous studies of relevant sentence retrieval and novelty mining have been conducted on the English language, but few papers have addressed the problem of multilingual sentence categorization and novelty mining. This is an important issue in global business environments, where mining knowledge from text in a single language is not sufficient. In this paper, we perform the first task by categorizing Malay and Chinese sentences, then comparing their performances with that of English. Thereafter, we conduct novelty mining to identify the sentences with new information. Experimental results on TREC 2004 Novelty Track data show similar categorization performance on Malay and English sentences, which greatly outperform Chinese. In the second task, it is observed that we can achieve similar novelty mining results for all three languages, which indicates that our algorithm is suitable for novelty mining of multilingual sentences. In addition, after benchmarking our results with novelty mining without categorization, it is learnt that categorization is necessary for the successful performance of novelty mining. 相似文献
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In this paper, a new novelty detection approach based on the identification of sentence level information patterns is proposed. First, “novelty” is redefined based on the proposed information patterns, and several different types of information patterns are given corresponding to different types of users’ information needs. Second, a thorough analysis of sentence level information patterns is elaborated using data from the TREC novelty tracks, including sentence lengths, named entities (NEs), and sentence level opinion patterns. Finally, a unified information-pattern-based approach to novelty detection (ip-BAND) is presented for both specific NE topics and more general topics. Experiments on novelty detection on data from the TREC 2002, 2003 and 2004 novelty tracks show that the proposed approach significantly improves the performance of novelty detection in terms of precision at top ranks. Future research directions are suggested. 相似文献
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科技查新工作中能够获得丰富的信息资源,要使这些信息资源得到充分的利用,必须对其进行深度挖掘。通过对科技查新工作中形成的各类信息资源进行归类和分析,形成查新信息资源的一次文献、二次文献及三次文献,并提出了利用科技查新工作中获取的信息资源开展定向服务的设想。 相似文献
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The paper presents a study investigating the effects of incorporating novelty detection in automatic text summarisation. Condensing a textual document, automatic text summarisation can reduce the need to refer to the source document. It also offers a means to deliver device-friendly content when accessing information in non-traditional environments. An effective method of summarisation could be to produce a summary that includes only novel information. However, a consequence of focusing exclusively on novel parts may result in a loss of context, which may have an impact on the correct interpretation of the summary, with respect to the source document. In this study we compare two strategies to produce summaries that incorporate novelty in different ways: a constant length summary, which contains only novel sentences, and an incremental summary, containing additional sentences that provide context. The aim is to establish whether a summary that contains only novel sentences provides sufficient basis to determine relevance of a document, or if indeed we need to include additional sentences to provide context. Findings from the study seem to suggest that there is only a minimal difference in performance for the tasks we set our users and that the presence of contextual information is not so important. However, for the case of mobile information access, a summary that contains only novel information does offer benefits, given bandwidth constraints. 相似文献
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指出科研选题中存在的主要问题及文献检索在科研选题中的重要意义,归纳出检索途径、重要信息源及相关数据库在选题中的运用,总结了文献分析研究的的主要方法。强调科技查新、重大科学研究计划、科技报告在科研创新性选题中的作用。通过文献分析使科研选题更加科学合理;合理选择文献检索的工具、方法及途径,有利于准确搜集科研资料、拓宽科研视野和凝练科学问题;通过对检索文献结果的分析与研究,综合运用科技查新手段,有利于实现科研选题和科学研究的创新性。 相似文献
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《Information processing & management》2022,59(1):102740
One of the most time-critical challenges for the Natural Language Processing (NLP) community is to combat the spread of fake news and misinformation. Existing approaches for misinformation detection use neural network models, statistical methods, linguistic traits, fact-checking strategies, etc. However, the menace of fake news seems to grow more vigorous with the advent of humongous and unusually creative language models. Relevant literature reveals that one major characteristic of the virality of fake news is the presence of an element of surprise in the story, which attracts immediate attention and invokes strong emotional stimulus in the reader. In this work, we leverage this idea and propose textual novelty detection and emotion prediction as the two tasks relating to automatic misinformation detection. We re-purpose textual entailment for novelty detection and use the models trained on large-scale datasets of entailment and emotion to classify fake information. Our results correlate with the idea as we achieve state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance (7.92%, 1.54%, 17.31% and 8.13% improvement in terms of accuracy) on four large-scale misinformation datasets. We hope that our current probe will motivate the community to explore further research on misinformation detection along this line. The source code is available at the GitHub.2 相似文献
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In many countries the scientific funding system is shifting from an internal block funding model toward a competitive project funding model. However, there is growing concern that the competitive project funding system favors relatively safe, conventional projects at the expense of risky, novel research. It is important to assess different funding models in order to design better funding systems for science. This paper empirically tests for differences in the novelty of funded outputs between internal block funding and competitive project funding, in the setting of Japan, where both funding models play a significant role. Combining survey data from a large sample of research projects in Japan and bibliometric information about the publications produced from these projects, we find that projects funded by competitive funds on average have higher novelty compared to those funded by internal block funds. However, such positive effects only hold for researchers with high status, such as senior and male researchers. In contrast, compared to internal block funding, competitive project funding has a negative relation to novelty for low status scientists (especially junior and female researchers). The findings suggest that the competitive project selection procedure is less receptive to novel ideas from researchers with low academic status and therefore discourages their novel research. These findings can serve as a warning about potential biases in competitive funding allocation procedures and suggest the importance of secure stable funding for allowing researchers with low status to pursue their novel ideas. 相似文献
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以2010年度教育部科技查新工作站年检数据为样本,统计江苏高校科技查新业务,并分别与教育部科技查新总体情况比对分析。结果表明,江苏高校科技查新有区域优势,查新总量和查新服务社会化方面取得可喜成绩,但也存在不少问题。文章就国内外查新比例偏低、专利查新几近空白以及如何确保查新质量等严峻问题提出解决方案,期待江苏高校科技查新健康可持续发展。 相似文献