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1.
近年来,如何有效实施合作竞争战略被认为是企业获取竞争优势的关键。虽然许多学者相信合作竞争能够促进企业绩效,但却少有研究给出实证支持。本文通过竞争企业间合作在技术创新中发挥的中介效应考察合作竞争战略影响技术创新的路径,并利用重庆市116家企业与竞争者建立战略联盟的有效样本数据验证了理论模型。结果表明,企业间竞争与合作对技术创新都有显著的直接影响,而合作的促进作用更加显著;竞争企业通过合作的中介效应间接地促进创新绩效。因此,竞争性企业间的合作关系在竞争程度-合作关系-技术创新绩效中起到了至关重要的作用,是通过合作竞争提高技术创新绩效的瓶颈。 相似文献
2.
《Research Policy》2019,48(9):103802
Technological imitation may play a crucial role in motivating firms to innovate. However, theoretical predictions and empirical findings on the role of imitation have not yet reached a consensus. One major gap in the previous studies is that the empirical tests are based on samples consisting of only one industry over a short period of time. This study uses a novel measure of industry-level technological imitation proxied by quick citations by competitors to examine the relationship between imitation and innovation. Using US patent data for the period 1977–2005, we find that there are inverted U-shaped relationships between the degree of industry-level technological imitation and industry-level innovation activities and between the degree of industry-level technological imitation and the value of firm-level innovation. Our results suggest that positive externalities from the interactions among firms during the innovation process outweigh the negative effects of free-riding concerns on firms’ innovation activities and incentives to innovate up to a high degree of technological imitation, while free-riding concerns outweigh the positive externalities when the level of technological imitation is extremely high. The sector-by-sector analyses show that the relationship between technological imitation and the quantity and market value of innovation are not very different across Pavitt sectors. A comparative analysis on the role of imitation between agglomerated and non-agglomerated industries suggests that the positive effect of a moderate level of imitation and the negative effect of an excessive level of imitation are more pronounced for agglomerated industries. The results suggest that creating innovation clusters, such as Silicon Valley in the United States and Shenzhen City in China, and allowing different innovators to cooperate, imitate and compete with each other would be very effective in promoting corporate innovation. However, an excessively high level of technological imitation is more detrimental for firms in innovation clusters because it lowers those firms’ incentives to innovate more radically. 相似文献
3.
This paper explores the joint effect of competitive actions and social media related interactions on offline car sales after automobile recalls. Our analysis of all the mid-size automobile recall events in the U.S. from 2010 to 2015, the corresponding social media discussions of the recall and the competitive actions taken by the recalling firms and their competitors revealed that after recalls: (1) fewer competitive actions by the recalling firm are more effective in influencing car sales; (2) although social media discussions can increase awareness and sales, the change in perceptions of the brand on social media can negatively affect sales; and (3) the positive effect of social media on offline car sales is amplified when the recalling firm conducts fewer competitive actions, regardless of strategic or tactical actions, but is attenuated when competitors conduct more competitive actions. The current study adds to the competitive actions literature by considering the boundary conditions under which recalling firms can construct their competitive actions more effectively and extends the social media literature by incorporating both the focal and non-focal firms’ perspectives when examining the role of social media. Managerial implications for those responsible for steering companies through product recalls are also discussed. 相似文献
4.
《Research Policy》2023,52(2):104664
Previous studies provide evidence of learning from the mobility of scientists for the source and the hiring firms. However, we have a limited understanding of the competitive implications of such inter-firm mobility and associated learnings. Using a difference–in–difference approach on matched patents in the semiconductor industry in 1981–2010, we find that mobile scientists' patents receive more citations from rival firms after the mobility vis-à-vis before the mobility and vis-à-vis other similar patents. We conclude that rival firms respond to mobilities across other firms by attributing more attention to mobile scientists. Furthermore, the context of the mobility can determine the extent of response from rival firms. Rival firms are more likely to build on a mobile scientist's patents after mobility when the mobility occurs between technologically distant firms, the source firm or the hiring firm has low research experience, or the mobile scientist has considerable experience. 相似文献
5.
企业创新活动总是嵌入在特定的社会情境之中。基于合作对象差异,将企业外部社会联系分为供应链联系、竞争对手联系和知识生产服务机构联系三类,并运用180份珠三角企业调查问卷数据实证探讨它们与企业破坏性创新之间的复杂关系。结果发现,供应链联系对企业破坏性创新具有正向线性影响;竞争对手联系与企业破坏性创新之间存在正“U”型关系;而知识生产服务机构联系与企业破坏性创新之间存在倒“U”关系。研究结论为企业在实施和管理破坏性创新活动中如何有效利用外部社会联系提供实证依据和实践启示。 相似文献
6.
原始性创新对企业资源与能力提出较高要求,而随着中国市场经济的转型和民主化进程的加快,企业逐渐具备了通过政治行为影响政府决策与公共政策的能力。基于制度视角和资源依赖理论,研究企业政治行为影响原始性创新的路径以及企业组织冗余对这一关系的影响。404家中国企业调研数据的实证研究表明,企业政治行为有利于其获得政治合法性,进而促进企业的原始性创新。另外,组织冗余正向调节政治合法性与原始性创新之间的关系,即企业组织冗余水平较高时,政治合法性对原始性创新的促进作用更大。研究结论有助于我们更好地理解促进企业原始性创新的机制,对现阶段中国企业的创新实践具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
7.
高旭东 《科学学与科学技术管理》2012,(4):44-53
以中国经济高度国际化对中国本土企业创新实践的影响为出发点,在文献评述的基础上,通过科学的案例研究方法,研究了中国电信设备企业"以弱胜强"的创新战略,并讨论了这一战略对中国本土企业的普遍适用性。探索了"以弱胜强"的创新战略是国际化条件下中国本土企业生存和发展的核心问题。 相似文献
8.
《Research Policy》2023,52(1):104623
In this paper we develop a novel multi-stage integrative framework for technology foresight-planning. This framework integrates econometric analysis and a technology foresight procedure to predict: (i) the most COVID-19 resilient industries at the national level; and (ii) the most adversely affected industries (due to prior investment in innovation) that requires public support. Our econometric results show that the pandemic has induced a ‘double-edge sword’ effect of innovation on firm’s COVID-19 adaptable capacity (CAC). Costly innovation undertaken before the pandemic can be bad for firms if it compounds the problem of declining post-pandemic outbreak profit and optimism. Contrarily, firm level innovation improves firm’s CAC as the prior innovators’ profitability are found to have above-even odds of rebounding quickly post-pandemic outbreak. Our empirical analysis focuses mostly on developing economies, where firms are most likely implementing only incremental (non-frontier) innovation and thus our results should be generalized with caution. 相似文献
9.
《Research Policy》2019,48(9):103804
In this paper, we explore the impact of a firm's workers’ replacements on innovation performance by using rich matched employer–employee panel data for the Veneto region of Italy. We take the well-known resource-based theory of the firm as our departure point, and develop a set of hypotheses which we test empirically with negative binomial regressions. We find that workers’ replacements significantly dampen innovation performance, coherently with the idea that they generate losses in the tacit knowledge base of the firm. We also find that workers’ replacements are especially detrimental to large and young firms, possibly because large companies benefit comparatively less from ‘diaspora’ effects and because innovative capabilities in young firms are mostly dependent on specific human capital. Finally, our results show that firms’ location in industrial districts significantly mitigates the negative impact of workers’ replacements, and that a similar picture emerges when firms are more exposed to knowledge spillovers, particularly of related knowledge. 相似文献
10.
Robert Wilson 《Research Policy》1977,6(2):114-126
This paper summarizes recent empirical evidence on international licensing of technology and its determinants. Two empirical questions are treated. First, does evidence support a view that international licensing is more prevalent than domestic licensing? Second, what does the evidence imply about the causes of international versus domestic differences?Aggregate licensing data support the view of greater international than domestic licensing. This evidence is not conclusive, however, because the size of a country in relation to the rest of the world has an important influence on the data.Some evidence supports an ‘expansion constraint’ view that financial and organizational constraints are greater for overseas than domestic expansion and therefore licensing tends to be more popular internationally. More extensive evidence supports an additional view of the causes of international versus domestic licensing differences. This explanation, the ‘oligopoly’ view, is that firms seek to maintain segmented geographic markets by not licensing their technology to domestic competitors. Support for the ‘oligopoly’ view comes from our previous study of US licensing, from Japanese data, and from an independent British study. An interpretation of empirical results for Japan is that in other countries, notably the US, rival firms are unwilling to license their know-how and production secrets to each other for fear of losing their market position. There is, however, a valuable pool of technology which they could license, and in fact are willing to license to firms that aren't expected to be direct competitors. These licensees tend to be in foreign countries because the rivals' possibilities for expansion there are limited. 相似文献
11.
Frieder Meyer-Krahmer 《Research Policy》1984,13(3):175-182
The Fraunhofer-Institut für Systemtechnik und Innovationsforschung (ISI) is at present engaged in evaluating a number of technology policy programs designed to promote research, development and innovation in small and medium-sized firms. These studies try to determine the extent to which these programmes have an impact upon the innovative activities of firms.In this connection, it was also attempted to measure the innovation output. The level of innovation of a firm is innovation ouput. The level of innovation of a firm is procedure involves a number of problems (self-assessment of firms in view of insufficient market transparency, distortion due to self-portraits reflecting the firms' own interests). We tried to mitigate such distortions by two approaches. Firstly, firms were asked for their technologically new products, the term “new” being applied (a) to the firm and (b) to the areas of product application. As a result of this two-tier procedure, firms supplied rather realistic answers. Secondly, supplementary questions were asked about sales figures, the competitive technological situation (nationally and internationally), expenditure on R&D, patents, stages of innovation, aims of innovation, etc.The paper presents the results obtained to date on the innovation output of firms within the framework of an evaluation of the largest programme at present devoted to promoting R&D and innovation in small and medium-sized firms . The results are based on a representative sample of approximately 4,500 small and medium-sized firms (up to 1,00 employees) with R&D activities in the Federal Republic of Germany. 相似文献
12.
技术创新是出口企业提高国际竞争力的重要战略,而技术创新的关键在于对其特性和形成原因的科学把握。本文在对企业技术创新的理论分析的基础上,运用多元统计和面板数据模型,以非出口企业、FDI企业为对照组,实证研究了中国上市出口企业技术创新异质性与影响因素。研究发现中国出口企业技术创新具有明显的异质性;研发资本投入、研发人力投入、企业冗余资源、技术装备程度、国有股权比例、股权集中度和企业规模对出口企业技术创新产出的作用具有类型异质性和大小差异性。研究结果可为中国出口企业技术创新决策提供参考。 相似文献
13.
The special and limited nature of the world market for non-chemical milk analysers appears to have led to a condition of duopoly, with a British firm, Grubb Parsons, competing with a Danish firm, Foss Electric, originally differing technologies, infra-red in the first case, light scatter in the second.Over the 15 years spanned by the two case histories the two firms competed in classical duopolistic style, making quite rapid technical progress spurred on by the competition of the one with the other, and aiming at the same potential customers. An important difference between the two, however, was that the infra-red Instrument was ‘technology push’, and failed at the outset to satisfy ‘user needs’, and needed extensive adaptation. The light scatter or turbimetric instrument was designed with the user in mind and was comparatively simple as a consequence, although it, too, needed adaptation as user needs changed over time, from a requirement to measure fat or total solids content in milk, to a need to measure protein as well.Because of the smaller size and independence of Foss as compared with Grubb Parsons, a subsidiary of a large engineering group, the former was able to adopt a more flexible organisation structure, decentralised and ‘organic’, in the Burns and Stalker terminology, and more marketing oriented - all plus factors according to previous research in this field. While both companies showed themselves strongly innovative, and therefore competitive, Foss took greater risks and won bigger returns. They collaborated closely with users and generally showed shorter ‘lead times’ than their rival. 相似文献
14.
Linus Dahlander 《Research Policy》2006,35(8):1243-1259
Since Teece's seminal paper explaining who were the gainers from technological innovation, increased globalization and the information and communication technology revolution have brought new ways for firms to organize and appropriate from innovation. A new more open model of innovation suggests that firms can benefit from sources of innovation that stem from outside the firm. The central theme of this paper is how firms try to unlock communities as complementary assets. These communities exist outside firm boundaries beyond ownership or hierarchical control. Because of practices developed by communities to protect their work, firms need to assign individuals to work in these communities in order to gain access to developments and, to an extent, influence the direction of the community. Using network analysis we show that some software firms sponsor individuals to act strategically within a free and open source software (FOSS) community. Firm sponsored individuals interact with more individuals than interact with them, and also they seek to interact with central individuals in the community. However, we can see differences in how individuals interact, depending on whether their affiliation is with a dedicated FOSS firm or an incumbent in the software industry. Apparently, some firm managers believe they need ‘a man on the inside’ to be able to gain access to communities. 相似文献
15.
This study examines the effect of antitrust regulation of patent consolidation on the development of follow-on innovations. Our reconciliation of the various strains of literature hypothesizes that in sectors where cumulative innovation is crucial to firms’ market operations, a firm that consolidates patents for substituting technologies for its already-possessed technologies discourages market competitions and follow-on innovation by competitors. In this case, antitrust regulation of patent consolidation is anticipated to positively affect competitors’ follow-on innovation. We empirically test this hypothesis with the case of the US Department of Justice's regulation of Novell's software patent transfers to four large proprietary software companies (i.e., Microsoft, Oracle, EMC, and Apple) in 2011. Our analyses using US patent, trademark, and copyright data have found evidence corroborating our hypothesis. Our research provides policy and scholarly implications regarding how antitrust law can be a complementary institution to the patent law for promoting innovation. 相似文献
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17.
本文主要研究在强调企业"自主创新"的政策环境下,政府的作用对于集群内部企业的创新行为有什么重要的影响,并分析和比较不同的企业规模以及不同性质集群内部的企业的创新绩效。本文调研了国内不同区域的企业集群,并对回收的量表采用回归分析,分析的结果显示集群内部规模较小的企业比大规模企业有较高的创新水平;软件工业园性质的企业集群比其他性质的集群创新水平要高;政府的直接帮助政策并不能够提高集群内部企业的创新水平,而政府对于集群内部竞争环境的创造和维护、以及增加集群地域吸引力和加强信息服务的一些政府措施,则有利于提高集群内部企业的技术和创新能力。 相似文献
18.
考虑两个竞争企业的研发投资存在非对称溢出效应时的最优研发投资策略问题。运用博弈论构建有无研发投资的模型并求解分析,揭示不同强度的研发投资溢出、吸收能力和研发成功概率等因素对竞争企业研发投资博弈均衡的影响。结果表明：两个企业的研发投资溢出均较弱时,它们都会投资;一方的溢出较弱而另一方的较强时,双方将分别成为唯一的投资方和搭便车者;溢出效应中等时,它们或者都投资,或者都不投资;溢出效应均足够强时,二者都不投资。敏感性分析显示,企业会依据不同水平的产品差异度、吸收能力和研发成功概率调整最优研发投资策略。此外,消费者剩余和社会福利在两个企业都投资时最优,单一企业投资时次之,无研发投资时最差。 相似文献
19.
《Research Policy》2022,51(5):104507
The relationship between firm performance and innovation behavior has been widely studied, yet theoretical and empirical findings still widely diverge. We investigate this inconsistency through the lens of informal institutions, specifically communitarianism, the degee to which group goals are considered more important than individual goals. We do this through an analysis of a firm-level dataset covering 31,860 firms across 56 countries. We find evidence for a ‘cushion effect’, where firms in highly communitarian settings benefit from informal insurance in order to engage in innovation activity when their performance is below their aspirational value. Firms experiencing performance above aspirational value are also more likely to engage in innovation activity in highly communitarian settings due to a ‘pay-it-forward’ mechanism, using innovation activities to contribute to community challenges. Both effects are conditional on firms being sufficiently embedded in their direct business environment. We discuss the direct and wider implications for the literature on performance-innovation behavior and provide guidance for policy makers and practitioners. 相似文献
20.
产品创新的网络化使企业的创新路径不必再覆盖所有的创新环节,后发企业可以在一定范围内选择合适的创新路径与市场中的领先企业进行竞争。但模仿领先企业取得成功的创新路径并随之而演化却不是后发企业的必然选择。基于PC产业中外成功厂商的对比可以发现,合适的企业创新路径是在一定限制条件下初始创新路径与产业创新网络共同演化的结果。条件不同,其结果可以截然相反。 相似文献