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1.
自然灾害型景观的游客体验能够为此类资源的旅游开发和管理提供一定的理论借鉴。本文运用探索性因子分析判定北川地震景观游客体验维度,同时揭示了游客体验整体均值的时空差异,并利用非参数检验揭示其社会属性和空间差异,相关研究结论可以为灾害型景观资源管理及其可持续利用提供一定的借鉴作用。研究结果显示：①自然灾害型景观游客体验可从情感和认知两方面解释,具体包括道德型、个人型、教育型以及学习型体验;②同情等道德体验是自然灾害型景观游客体验的主基调,且并未因游客性别、职业和受教育程度等影响产生组别间的差异性,一定程度上说明游客受灾害型景观的影响更易产生情感体验,且不同组别和不同客源地的游客对教育型体验相关选项均给予较高的赋值;③自然灾害型景观游客体验存在时空差异,情感和认知体验均随时间产生了一定的变化,且灾害发生地（四川）游客有着更为强烈的情感和认知认同,其中除个人型体验外,四川省内样本中各维度灾害型景观体验均值高于非四川游客,且个人型和教育型体验在受教育程度上呈现出一定的区域差异,而学习型体验分别在性别和受教育程度上存在显著的地域差异性。 相似文献
2.
Social media crowdsourcing for rapid damage assessment following a sudden-onset natural hazard event
Rapid appraisal of damages related to hazard events is of importance to first responders, government agencies, insurance industries, and other private and public organizations. While satellite monitoring, ground-based sensor systems, inspections and other technologies provide data to inform post-disaster response, crowdsourcing through social media is an additional and novel data source. In this study, the use of social media data, principally Twitter postings, is investigated to make approximate but rapid early assessments of damages following a disaster. The goal is to explore the potential utility of using social media data for rapid damage assessment after sudden-onset hazard events and to identify insights related to potential challenges. This study defines a text-based damage assessment scale for earthquake damages, and then develops a text classification model for rapid damage assessment. Although the accuracy remains a challenge compared to ground-based instrumental readings and inspections, the proposed damage assessment model features rapidity with large amounts of data at spatial densities that exceed those of conventional sensor networks. The 2019 Ridgecrest, California earthquake sequence is investigated as a case study. 相似文献
3.
North and South Kivu provinces in the Eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) are still confronted by both natural and manmade disasters and are potentially exposed to carbon dioxide and methane from Lake Kivu. For people living in those areas, it is important to have constant access to real-time situational information to prevent fatal dangers. Our study aims at examining the adoption factors of social media and the impact of their use in managing disaster. We proposed and empirically validated a research model drawn on three combined theories: TAM, the diffusion-of-innovation theory and the Kahn’s framework of psychological conditions and agility. The obtained model was tested with a sample of 418 respondents using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling method (PLS-SEM). The study revealed the following two main outputs: (i) social media platforms are perceived to be easy to use, useful with a perceived relative advantage, and are therefore essential for disaster management; and (ii) the use of social media impacts information accessibility, adaptability, proactiveness and resilience. 相似文献
4.
非政府组织作为一种不以营利为目的,独立于政府和市场之外的社会组织,可在自然灾害救助及灾后重建中发挥重要作用.本文根据国内外各类非政府组织在2008年"5·12"四川大地震灾害救助中的卓越表现,总结分析了该类组织在动员和组织社会资源,灵活高效地为灾区群众提供各种社会救助服务等方面的重要作用,并针对非政府组织在中国发展仍然存在的障碍和管理问题,提出了相关政策建议. 相似文献
5.
随着全球变化的加剧,自然灾害日益频发,灾后恢复重建得到广泛重视。恢复重建规划作为指导灾后恢复重建的重要公共政策,对其开展实施评估将有利于保障恢复重建的高效实施与灾区可持续发展。本文通过分析当前灾后恢复重建规划实施评估相关进展了解研究现状,为后期构建综合性的评估技术提供基础。结合对国内外恢复重建规划实施评估理论、内容与方法的整理分析,对比归纳各类规划实施评估的经验与不足,结果表明：目前规划实施评估主要以城市规划、土地规划等传统规划为主,由于灾区具有自然灾害频发、社会经济脆弱等特征导致恢复重建规划实施评估面临更多挑战;现有评估多以传统规划评估理论为基础,需要结合可持续发展理论、灾害经济学理论等完善自身理论体系;评估内容较多关注基础设施、生态环境等要素,还需对社会公平、文化保护等予以关注;评估阶段多关注规划实施结果,较少关注规划实施过程与实施影响;评估方法在各个阶段存在差异,定性与定量方法有待综合运用。未来需要通过设计全阶段的评估流程,构建综合性评估体系与开展灾后可持续性评估以提升评估的科学性。 相似文献
6.
《International Journal of Information Management》2017,37(5):390-399
Over one billion people are currently using social media such as social websites (Facebook Newsroom, 2015); consequently, numerous academic scholars have developed interest in studying the use of social media and social networks. However, few studies have focused on examining the core factors of social networks. In this study, we collected studies on social-network-related topics that were published between January 1996 and December 2014, assembling a total of 2565 articles and 81,316 citations. Co-citation analysis and cluster analysis were applied to verify seven main factors regarding social networks: (a) the measure of complex social networks; (b) community structure; (c) strong and weak ties; (d) the evolution of social networks; (e) network structure and relationship; (f) value concept and measurement strategies; and (g) social capital. Finally, the results of this study were further discussed to elucidate the core topics relevant to social networks. 相似文献
7.
《Information processing & management》2022,59(2):102820
As COVID-19 swept over the world, people discussed facts, expressed opinions, and shared sentiments about the pandemic on social media. Since policies such as travel restriction and lockdown in reaction to COVID-19 were made at different levels of the society (e.g., schools and employers) and the government, we build a large geo-tagged Twitter dataset titled UsaGeoCov19 and perform an exploratory analysis by geographic location. Specifically, we collect 650,563 unique geo-tagged tweets across the United States covering the date range from January 25 to May 10, 2020. Tweet locations enable us to conduct region-specific studies such as tweeting volumes and sentiment, sometimes in response to local regulations and reported COVID-19 cases. During this period, many people started working from home. The gap between workdays and weekends in hourly tweet volumes inspire us to propose algorithms to estimate work engagement during the COVID-19 crisis. This paper also summarizes themes and topics of tweets in our dataset using both social media exclusive tools (i.e., #hashtags, @mentions) and the latent Dirichlet allocation model. We welcome requests for data sharing and conversations for more insights.UsaGeoCov19 link: http://yunhefeng.me/geo-tagged_twitter_datasets/. 相似文献
8.
Shannon Vallor 《Ethics and Information Technology》2012,14(3):185-199
The widespread and growing use of new social media, especially social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter, invites sustained ethical reflection on emerging forms of online friendship. Social scientists and psychologists are gathering a wealth of empirical data on these trends, yet philosophical analysis of their ethical implications remains comparatively impoverished. In particular, there have been few attempts to explore how traditional ethical theories might be brought to bear upon these developments, or what insights they might offer, if any. In attempting to address this lacuna in applied ethical research, this paper investigates the ethical significance of online friendship by means of an Aristotelian theory of the good life, which holds that human flourishing is chiefly realized through ??complete?? friendships of virtue. Here, four key dimensions of ??virtue friendship?? are examined in relation to online social media: reciprocity, empathy, self-knowledge and the shared life. Online social media support and strengthen friendship in ways that mirror these four dimensions, particularly when used to supplement rather than substitute for face-to-face interactions. However, deeper reflection on the meaning of the shared life (suzên) for Aristotle raises important and troubling questions about the capacity of online social media to support complete friendships of virtue in the contemporary world, along with significant concerns about the enduring relevance of this Aristotelian ideal for the good life in the 21st century. 相似文献
9.
传统传播环境下企业营销传播活动对用户品牌态度形成具有显著影响,但社会化媒体的发展极大地改变了企业营销传播的生态环境,现阶段企业的社会化媒体传播并未获得预期影响力,需要从理论上对企业社会化媒体传播的策略及其影响因素进行创新性研究。本文采用实验研究方法,基于企业传播信息内容主题、信息源、传播策略与用户再传播意愿和品牌态度间关系的理论假设,实证研究发现:企业社会化媒体传播对用户品牌态度有正向显著影响;信息内容主题类型、信息源、传播组合策略对用户再传播意愿有显著影响;用户再传播意愿对用户品牌态度的影响不显著等。研究结论丰富了企业社会化媒体传播的理论研究,对企业社会化媒体传播实践具有指导意义。 相似文献
10.
Users’ ability to retweet information has made Twitter one of the most prominent social media platforms for disseminating emergency information during disasters. However, few studies have examined how Twitter’s features can support the different communication patterns that occur during different phases of disaster events. Based on the literature of disaster communication and Media Synchronicity Theory, we identify distinct disaster phases and the two communication types—crisis communication and risk communication—that occur during those phases. We investigate how Twitter’s representational features, including words, URLs, hashtags, and hashtag importance, influence the average retweet time—that is, the average time it takes for retweet to occur—as well as how such effects differ depending on the type of disaster communication. Our analysis of tweets from the 2013 Colorado floods found that adding more URLs to tweets increases the average retweet time more in risk-related tweets than it does in crisis-related tweets. Further, including key disaster-related hashtags in tweets contributed to faster retweets in crisis-related tweets than in risk-related tweets. Our findings suggest that the influence of Twitter’s media capabilities on rapid tweet propagation during disasters may differ based on the communication processes. 相似文献
11.
社会网络是人们在日常互动中形成的关系网状结构,是社会资本的重要表现形式之一.作为一种非正式社会制度,社会网络在变害治理中有重要作用,被认为是灾后恢复中最可靠的资源之一.基于对5· 12汶川大地震后开展的一项灾后快速需求调查的数据分析,本文全面描述了社会网络在灾后搜救幸存者、保证信息传播、提供社会支持和保持灾区群众心理健康方面的作用,并进一步探讨了相关的理论意涵和政策建议. 相似文献
12.
《Information processing & management》1999,35(1):31-44
In earlier papers the authors focused on differences in the ageing of journal literature in science and the social sciences. It was shown that for several fields and topics bibliometric standard indicators based on journal articles need to be modified in order to provide valid results. In fields where monographs, books or reports are important means of scientific information, standard models of scientific communication are not reflected by journal literature alone. To identify fields where the role of non-serial literature is considerable or critical in terms of bibliometric standard methods, the totality of the bibliographic citations indexed in the 1993 annual cumulation of the SCI and SSCI databases, have been processed. The analysis is based on three indicators, the percentage of references to serials, the mean references age, and the mean reference rate. Applications of these measures at different levels of aggregation (i.e., to journals in selected science and social science fields) lead to the following conclusions. 1. The percentage of references to serials proved to be a sensitive measure to characterise typical differences in the communication behaviour between the sciences and the social sciences. 2. However, there is an overlap zone which includes fields like mathematics, technology oriented science, and some social science areas. 3. In certain social sciences part of the information seems even to be originated in non-scientific sources: references to non-serials do not always represent monographs, pre-prints or reports. Consequently, the model of information transfer from scientific literature to scientific (journal) literature assumed by standard bibliometrics requires substantial revision before valid results can be expected through its application to social science areas. 相似文献
13.
Fattane Zarrinkalam Mohsen Kahani Ebrahim Bagheri 《Information processing & management》2018,54(2):339-357
Inferring users’ interests from their activities on social networks has been an emerging research topic in the recent years. Most existing approaches heavily rely on the explicit contributions (posts) of a user and overlook users’ implicit interests, i.e., those potential user interests that the user did not explicitly mention but might have interest in. Given a set of active topics present in a social network in a specified time interval, our goal is to build an interest profile for a user over these topics by considering both explicit and implicit interests of the user. The reason for this is that the interests of free-riders and cold start users who constitute a large majority of social network users, cannot be directly identified from their explicit contributions to the social network. Specifically, to infer users’ implicit interests, we propose a graph-based link prediction schema that operates over a representation model consisting of three types of information: user explicit contributions to topics, relationships between users, and the relatedness between topics. Through extensive experiments on different variants of our representation model and considering both homogeneous and heterogeneous link prediction, we investigate how topic relatedness and users’ homophily relation impact the quality of inferring users’ implicit interests. Comparison with state-of-the-art baselines on a real-world Twitter dataset demonstrates the effectiveness of our model in inferring users’ interests in terms of perplexity and in the context of retweet prediction application. Moreover, we further show that the impact of our work is especially meaningful when considered in case of free-riders and cold start users. 相似文献
14.
发达国家尤其是美、日在档案自然灾害防治方面积累了丰富的经验,给我国带来的启示是:高度警醒的防灾意识是灾害防治的基本前提;健全的组织机构和法律法规是灾害防治的基本保障;充分细致的防灾准备是降低灾害损失的必要条件,如制定应急预案、做好档案的价值判断和分类保管工作确保重点档案得到优先抢救和修复、推进档案异地备份工作和加强档案馆基础设施建设等;多元的救灾参与主体是灾难治理的力量源泉;及时的灾后经验总结是提升灾难治理能力的重要途径。 相似文献
15.
16.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(3):247-253
This article explores how ordinary people used telephone technology during the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the USA. Personal emergency communication is heavily imbued with emotional meaning. These messages address major life problems and values, such as leaving final messages and expressing love and concern, sometimes requiring extreme efforts. They also show that formal technical characteristics of media, and boundaries across media, are not particularly salient to people who have pressing personal and social communication needs. 相似文献
17.
The use of social media and Web 2.0 platforms is proliferating and affecting different formal and highly structured organisations including public safety agencies. Much of the research in the area has focussed on public use of social media during an emergency as well as how emergency agencies benefit from the data and information generated by this process. However, there is little understanding of “what are the operational implications of this public use on emergency management agencies and how does social media either positively or negatively impact these operations”? In order to progress research into this topic, we chose an engaged scholarship framework to shape a research agenda with the active participation of stakeholders. Hence, we conducted a series of workshops primarily involving over 100 public safety practitioners working in the area of disasters and emergency management who work in public safety agencies, humanitarian organisations, volunteering online platforms and volunteer groups in addition to 20 academics working on this area of enquiry. The findings highlight six different challenges that emergency responding organisations currently face in relation to social media use. We conceptualise these challenges as creating six operational tension zones for organisations. We discuss these tensions and their implications for future research and practice. 相似文献
18.
《Information processing & management》2019,56(5):1680-1697
During a disaster event, two types of information that are especially useful for coordinating relief operations are needs and availabilities of resources (e.g., food, water, medicines) in the affected region. Information posted on microblogging sites is increasingly being used for assisting post-disaster relief operations. In this context, two practical challenges are (i) to identify tweets that inform about resource needs and availabilities (termed as need-tweets and availability-tweets, respectively), and (ii) to automatically match needs with appropriate availabilities. While several works have addressed the first problem, there has been little work on automatically matching needs with availabilities. The few prior works that attempted matching only considered the resources, and no attempt has been made to understand other aspects of needs/availabilities that are essential for matching in practice. In this work, we develop a methodology for understanding five important aspects of need-tweets and availability-tweets, including what resource and what quantity is needed/available, the geographical location of the need/availability, and who needs / is providing the resource. Understanding these aspects helps us to address the need-availability matching problem considering not only the resources, but also other factors such as the geographical proximity between the need and the availability. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to develop methods for understanding the semantics of need-tweets and availability-tweets. We also develop a novel methodology for matching need-tweets with availability-tweets, considering both resource similarity and geographical proximity. Experiments on two datasets corresponding to two disaster events, demonstrate that our proposed methods perform substantially better matching than those in prior works. Additionally, our proposed methodologies are reusable across different types of disaster events. 相似文献
19.
Ronald E. Rice 《The Information Society》2013,29(4):285-299
This study summarizes prior reviews of new media and Internet research, and the growth of the term Internet in academic publications and online newsgroups. It then uses semantic network analysis to summarize the interests and concepts of an interdisciplinary group of Internet researchers, as represented by session titles and paper titles and abstracts from the 2003 and 2004 Association of Internet Researchers conferences. In both years, the most frequent words appearing in the paper abstracts included Internet, online, community, social, technology, and research. The 2003 papers emphasized topics such as the social analysis/research of online/Internet communication, community, and information, with particular coverage of access, individuals, groups, digital media, culture; role and process in e-organizations; and world development. The 2004 papers emphasized topics such as access; news and social issues; the role of individuals in communities; user-based studies; usage data; and blogs, women, and search policy, among others. 相似文献
20.
《Information processing & management》2023,60(4):103379
Social media marketing can be an effective solution for healthcare organizations to build long-term relationships with patients. However, previous studies mainly focused on isolated aspects of social media marketing. This lack of integration has limited the development and adoption of social media marketing. This study proposes a social media marketing methodology (SMMM) that incorporates Kotler's 5A consumer experience path with the IDEA (identify, develop, engage, and assess) content marketing process and well-known social media design principles in providing marketing roadmap and content design guidance for implementing social media marketing. Two cases (one for a medical center with 56 posts reaching 101,342 potential clients and another for a postpartum nursing home with 52 posts reaching 61,245 potential clients) are used to examine and evaluate the usability of the methodology. The results show that the engagement rate in both cases is well above the average level in Taiwan, and all users have a positive response to the use of the methodology. These findings support that the methodology provides a nominal process model for implementing social media marketing, facilitates the design of post content, and enhances patient engagement with healthcare brands and services. 相似文献