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近年来,开源日渐成为软件开发的新范式。不同于传统模式,开源软件开发依托数字化平台和模块化技术,表现出明显的自愿参与、自主创新和自治运作特点。为此,开源软件项目可通过开放参与汇聚集体智慧,打造高价值产品。然而,开放参与在激活知识获取的同时,也加重了知识吸收负担,对开源软件项目绩效发挥着“双刃剑”作用。立足开放悖论视角,基于知识基础观,阐明了开源软件项目开放参与的双重影响机制：知识获取与知识吸收。在此基础上,系统探讨开放参与广度和深度如何作用于开源软件项目绩效,以及许可证协议这一代表性治理机制的权变作用。对Git Hub平台上409个开源项目的实证研究发现：（1）开放参与广度与开源软件项目绩效呈倒U型关系,即随着参与者的持续涌入,绩效会先升后降;（2）开放参与深度与开源软件项目绩效呈U型关系,即随着核心参与者的继续增加,绩效会先降后升;（3）高限制性许可证会强化开放参与广度与开源软件项目绩效间的倒U型关系。 相似文献
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开源软件的许可证浅析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
开放源代码软件存在着众多类型的授权许可,不同的授权许可对于开放源代码软件的使用、修改和发布有着不同的约束.本文从常见的开源软件的许可证出发,对比分析了与商业软件许可证的不同,提出在运用开源软件时应规避的风险. 相似文献
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对开源软件、自由软件、自由软件运动、免费软件这几个重要易混的概念详细进行了区分。从安全、成本等方面分析政府采购开源软件的必要性，以及政府在采购开源软件的过程中应注意问题。 相似文献
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基于开源软件项目发起人个体行为视角,以全球最大的开源软件代码托管平台GitHub上的8053组开源软件项目为研究对象,并随机收集了333位项目发起人问卷数据,探索项目发起人对项目绩效的影响及其作用机理,以及知识共享在二者之间的中介作用.研究发现:(1)开源软件项目发起人作为特殊开发者,其参与动机、个人价值观、个人影响力和创新意识对项目绩效具有显著正向影响,其中前两者比后两者的重要性更大;(2)开源社区内的知识共享对项目绩效起到了部分中介作用,高效的知识共享与清晰的知识流转过程对于项目最终质量起着至关重要的作用.研究表明,开源软件项目发起人对于促进开源社区的知识共享与提高项目绩效起到重要的影响作用,而知识共享在项目发起人与项目绩效之间具有中介效应. 相似文献
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分析了软件工程专业课程体系设置的现状、开源软件的优势以及社会对开源软件人才的需求,提出了建设基于开源技术的软件工程课程体系的思路,并在教学实践中进行了课程改革探索。 相似文献
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《科学学与科学技术管理》2017,(10)
整合主动性人格理论、知识管理理论、情境理论和商业模式创新理论,构建一个由高管主动性人格、组织间知识共享、环境不确定性、商业模式创新所组成的理论研究框架,深入探讨高管主动性人格对商业模式创新的影响机制。通过对356份企业高管调查数据的层级回归和Bootstrap分析后发现:(1)高管主动性人格能够促进商业模式创新;(2)组织间知识共享在高管主动性人格与商业模式创新关系中起部分中介作用;(3)环境不确定性对高管主动性人格与组织间知识共享关系起正向调节作用,但对高管主动性人格与商业模式创新的直接关系起负向调节作用。 相似文献
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Do open source software (OSS) projects represent a new innovation model? Under what conditions can it be employed in other contexts? “Collective invention” regimes usually ended when a dominant design emerged. This is not the case with OSS. Firstly, the OSS community developed the institutional innovation of OSS licenses enabling OSS software to survive as a common property. Secondly, these licenses are mainly enforced by pro-socially motivated contributors. We characterize the conditions under which OSS communities develop and sustain pro-social commitments. We point out the vulnerability of these conditions to developments in patent legislation. 相似文献
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从客户价值主张、关键资源、盈利模式、关键流程四要素入手,探讨制造业服务化转型趋势如何影响企业商业模式变革,分析制造业企业新型商业模式运行机制;在此基础上,以企业服务化综合水平测度为基础,定量设计企业新型商业模式选择基准;最后,以江苏3家无人机制造企业为例,分析服务化转型背景下新型商业模式选择,从而检验新型商业模式构建及选择的合理性。研究发现：（1）制造业服务化转型促进企业商业模式发生变革,客户价值主张以客户为导向,由产品需求向服务需求转变;关键资源由产品、产品质量向服务、服务质量转变;盈利模式由产品利润向服务利润转变;关键流程由产品售出为终结向产品全生命周期服务转变。（2）企业服务化水平、商业模式组成要素特征不同,衍生出服务配套、服务均衡和服务主导的3类新型商业模式,受外界因素影响,企业新商业模式四要素之间的交互作用更加敏感、高效;根据测算结果,企业服务化综合水平属于[0.75,1]的应选择服务主导商业模式,属于[0.50,0.75)的应选择服务均衡商业模式,属于[0,0.50)的应选择服务配套商业模式。（3）案例分析表明,案例企业分别依据其服务化综合水平测度结果选择的商业模式符合企业实际发展需求,新型商业模式及选择基准的合理性得以验证。 相似文献
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尽管商业模式逐步成为企业战略中新的重要分析单元,但商业模式与企业绩效之间的关系仍未揭示清楚,研究成果较少且主要集中讨论商业模式的整体类型特征对企业绩效的影响。本文深入解剖商业模式的结构,将商业模式划分为顾客价值主张、业务活动系统和盈利方式三个构成,并开发出相应的量表,以281家2009-2011年间实现IPO的中国创业板上市公司为样本,运用SPSS软件对顾客价值主张、业务活动系统、盈利方式及它们之间的相互耦合对企业赢利性、增长性、效率性和市场价值四类绩效的影响进行层次回归分析,更全面地解释商业模式对企业绩效造成影响的复杂机理。分析结果表明,商业模式各构成之间的耦合相较于各构成本身的质地而言对企业绩效的影响更为显著。而在商业模式各构成中,顾客价值主张对企业绩效的影响最为显著。另外,商业模式对企业绩效具有不对称性的影响,对盈利性指标和成长性指标的影响最为显著。本文对中国创业企业开展商业模式设计和创新来提升企业绩效和价值具有一定的参考意义,也拓展了商业模式实证研究的分析框架。 相似文献
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Open Source Software (OSS) has had a profound impact on the way in which software is developed and consequently on the perception of software development. This paper starts with a brief discussion of the eclectic techniques and processes, combinations of which may be used for OSS projects. A ‘real-world’ context will be examined using ‘Reflective Analysis’ focusing on the research and development team present within the Business, Logistics and Information Systems (BLIS) department at The University of Bolton. The reflective analysis explores some assumptions inherent in OSS development. Drawing on findings from experience, industry and background research, an attempt will be made to provide an insight into how in a small team, the use of OSS and associated techniques can lead to the successful development of software. Whilst early results show that smaller OSS projects may appear to have little or no formal structure with closer investigation it is clear this is not the case. Without at least some degree of management, the teams experience indicates that such projects may be prone to failure. 相似文献
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Our study aims at shedding light on the innovative business strategies in the software sector and understanding better the economics that underlies the supply of Open Source Software (OSS). We use survey data collected from 170 Finnish software companies to investigate how different properties of software firms, such as size, age, intellectual capital, absorptive capacity, and ownership structure affect their decisions to base their business strategies on OSS supply or proprietary distribution of products and services.Our empirical findings indicate that the adoption of technologically advanced strategies requiring complex legal and managerial knowledge, such as the OSS supply strategy, demands relatively highly educated employees. The support for and development of an education system providing highly skilled people from different fields are essential for the firms’ successful adoption of innovative business strategies. We also find that market entrants have largely driven the OSS adoption, but there are no significant age-related differences in the adoption behavior of incumbent software firms. 相似文献
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Context Open Source Software (OSS) development is a knowledge focused activity which relies heavily on contributors who can be volunteers or paid workers and are geographically distributed. While working on OSS projects contributors acquire project related individualistic knowledge and gain experience and skills, which often remains unshared with others and is usually lost once contributors leave a project. All software development organisations face the problem of knowledge loss as employees leave, but this situation is exasperated in OSS projects where most contributors are volunteers with largely unpredictable engagement durations. Contributor turnover is inevitable due to the transient nature of OSS project workforces causing knowledge loss, which threatens the overall sustainability of OSS projects and impacts negatively on software quality and contributor productivity.ObjectiveThe objective of this work is to deeply and systematically investigate the phenomenon of knowledge loss due to contributor turnover in OSS projects as presented in the state-of-the-art literature and to synthesise the information presented on the topic. Furthermore, based on the learning arising from our investigation it is our intention to identify mechanisms to reduce the overall effects of knowledge loss in OSS projects.MethodologyWe use the snowballing methodology to identify the relevant literature on knowledge loss due to contributor turnover in OSS projects. This robust methodology for a literature review includes research question, search strategy, inclusion, exclusion, quality criteria, and data synthesis. The search strategy, and inclusion, exclusions and quality criteria are applied as a part of snowballing procedure.Snowballing is considered an efficient and reliable way to conduct a systematic literature review, providing a robust alternative to mechanically searching individual databases for given topics.ResultKnowledge sharing in OSS projects is abundant but there is no evidence of a formal strategy or practice to manage knowledge. Due to the dynamic and diverse nature of OSS projects, knowledge management is considered a challenging task and there is a need for a proactive mechanism to share knowledge in the OSS community for knowledge to be reused in the future by the OSS project contributors. From the collection of papers found using snowballing, we consolidated various themes on knowledge loss due to contributor turnover in OSS projects and identified 11 impacts due to knowledge loss in OSS projects, and 10 mitigations to manage with knowledge loss in OSS projects.ConclusionIn this paper, we propose future research directions to investigate integration of proactive knowledge retention practices with the existing OSS practices to reduce the current knowledge loss problem. We suggest that there is insufficient attention paid to KM in general in OSS, in particular there would appear to an absence of proactive measures to reduce the potential impact of knowledge loss. We also propose the need for a KM evaluation metric in OSS projects, similar to the ones that evaluate health of online communities, which should help to inform potential consumers of the OSS of the KM status on a project, something that is not existent today. 相似文献
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In this study, we explore the coordination performance of the geographically distributed software development teams by exploring OSS (Open Source Software) development dataset available through SourceForge.com. OSS team structures have traditionally been geographically dispersed and therefore, the coordination of post release activities such as testing efforts have been carried out by means of communication via electronic forms, such as email or message boards and forums. In our current communication-enriched environment, best practices for coordination are adopted by all software projects yet some still fail to achieve their target performance. Does team structure have any bearing on the performance outcome of the project? How does the communication between teams and their external parties affect ultimate success or failure of projects? We seek to answer above questions by applying existing theories and analytical methods from social networks for exploring the coordination performance of defect management activities found in OSS projects. We propose social networks based theoretical model for exploring distributed coordination structure and apply that for the case of OSS defect management process for exploring the structural properties, which induce the greatest coordination performance. The outcome of our suggest that there is correlation between certain network measures such as density, centrality and betweenness and coordination performance measures of defect management systems such as quality and timeliness. 相似文献
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通过两阶段博弈模型构建,文章研究了排污权交易条件下的最优减排研发补贴政策,分析了减排研发补贴政策对污染物减排、企业利润及社会福利的影响,并进一步利用数值模拟方法讨论了减排研发补贴与排污税政策搭配使用的效果。结论表明:首先,当排污权的市场交易价格小于某一阈值时,政府应对企业的减排研发进行适当补贴;当交易价格等于或超过该阈值时,政府不提供补贴或对企业的减排研发进行征税。其次,排污权交易条件下,减排研发补贴政策具有较好的减排效果,并且能够提高企业的利润和社会福利水平。最后,政府选择合适的排污税与研发补贴搭配使用不仅能激活排污权交易市场,还能使得研发补贴政策的利润和社会福利效果最优,从而实现经济和环境的协调发展。 相似文献