共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
We investigate if and to what extent the receipt of a “selective” subsidy – a public subsidy awarded through a competitive procedure – helps new technology-based firms (NTBFs) to access R&D alliances. In particular, we theoretically enquire and empirically analyze which founding team-level characteristics allow NTBFs to: i) get a selective subsidy; and ii) access an R&D alliance with another firm or a public research organization/university, once the subsidy is awarded. We use a sample of 902 NTBFs that operate in Italy, where industrial policy has never had an explicit and exclusive mandate neither for targeting NTBFs nor for easing their access to R&D networks. By means of several identification strategies and estimation methods, our results point to the relevance of selective subsidies in facilitating NTBFs to enter R&D alliances, independently from the objective of the policy measure. Second, founders’ technical education figures as a key determinant to get the first selective subsidy. Finally, founders’ previous industry-specific work experience allows NTBFs to better exploit the selective subsidy, by positively moderating the impact of the subsidy on the likelihood to establish a corporate R&D alliance. 相似文献
2.
Gary Pisano 《Research Policy》2006,35(8):1122-1130
This paper reviews the contribution of Teece's article [Teece, D., 1986. Profiting from technological innovation: implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy. Research Policy 15, 285-305.]. It then re-examines the core concept of appropriability in the light of recent developments in the business environment. Whereas twenty years ago the appropriability regime of an industry was exogenous and given, today they are often the product of conscious strategies of firms. And as open source software and other industries show, advantageous appropriability regimes are not always “tight” or characterized by strong intellectual property protections. The strategies adopted by firms that have successfully profited from their innovative activities cast into new light old questions about the impact of intellectual property protection on the rate and direction of innovation. 相似文献
3.
Strategic alliances are important channels for interfirm learning, especially for small firms that are resource constrained. Of the several alliance attributes, technological distance between partners (measured as the distance between partners’ innovative outcomes) is shown to have a significant influence on the learning benefits from strategic alliances. Drawing upon the theory of recombination, our study argues that the influence of technological distance on learning is best understood by not only measuring the distance between innovative outcomes, but by also taking into consideration the knowledge elements underlying the innovative outcomes. We develop a concept of knowledge base homogeneity that captures the extent to which the innovative outcomes of partnering firms draw upon similar sets of knowledge elements. Using patent and alliance data from 201 small biotechnology firms during the period 1996–2010, we confirm that the technological distance has an inverted u-shaped relationship on interfirm learning. We further demonstrate that this u-shaped relationship is moderated by the knowledge base homogeneity between partners, such that benefits of technological distance are enhanced and the costs of technological distance are mitigated when the knowledge base homogeneity between alliance partners is high. The results have important implications for interfirm learning, especially in the context of small firms that are limited in their knowledge stocks. 相似文献
4.
Esteban García-Canal 《Research Policy》2008,37(1):97-114
This paper analyses the influence of technological flows in the choice of joint ventures as a governance form of technology alliances, using a theoretical framework based on Transaction Costs Economics and the Economics of Intellectual Property Rights. We argue that the formation of a joint venture is only necessary in situations for which technological flows make the monitoring of alliance activities and the distribution of cooperation rents difficult. Our hypotheses have been confirmed using a sample of technology alliances created by companies from the European Union between 1992 and 1999. 相似文献
5.
Many young biotechnology firms act as intermediaries in tripartite alliance chains. They enter upstream partnerships with public sector research institutions, and later form commercialization alliances with established, downstream firms. We examine the alliance activity in a large sample of biotechnology firms and find: (i) firms with multiple in-licensing agreements are more likely to attract revenue-generating alliances with downstream partners; however, (ii) the positive relationship between in-licenses and downstream alliances attenuates as firms mature, and (iii) the diversity and the quality of the academic connections of firms’ principals influences their chances of successfully acquiring commercialization rights to scientific discoveries in universities. 相似文献
6.
利用1999至2013年拥有标准联盟参与经历的170家车辆生产企业的数据,研究标准联盟组合多样性对企业两类技术标准化能力(主导能力、跟随能力)的影响,及关系强度在上述影响中的调节作用。基于负二项随机效应回归模型的实证分析发现：标准联盟组合多样性与企业技术标准化主导能力呈正U型关系,与技术标准化跟随能力呈倒U型关系。在标准联盟组合资源向技术标准化能力转化的过程中,联盟关系强度发挥了显著调节作用：随着关系强度提升,联盟组合多样性与技术标准化主导能力的正U型关系曲线、与技术标准化跟随能力的倒U型关系曲线将变得更为陡峭。 相似文献
7.
技术联盟形成的动机之一是学习,学习的效果受到合作伙伴之间认知差异程度的影响,合作者之间过高或者过低的认知差异水平都不利于组织间学习效率的提高。以中国电子信息产业的企业技术联盟为研究对象,把认知差异区分为技术认知差异和组织认知差异。研究发现,技术认知差异与联盟的形成之间呈现出普遍接受的倒U型关系,而组织认知差异与联盟形成之间却呈现出少见的正U型关系。最后从行业发展阶段及国别差异给出了初步的解释。 相似文献
8.
技术战略联盟是合作伙伴资源共享、提高技术创新效率和共同创造价值的组织,但其创新活动往往伴随着各类风险,在实践中很多联盟的运行没有达到预期效果。如何降低联盟的运行风险,优化合作路径既是理论的前沿问题,也是实践亟待解决的难题。本文研究了技术战略联盟运行风险、协同合作与联盟稳定的关系,通过实证研究,结果表明：第一,技术战略联盟运行过程中利益冲突风险和分歧冲突风险会降低联盟的稳定性,而联盟依赖风险初期会提高联盟绩效,但随着依赖程度的逐渐加深,参与各方的自主开拓创新能力有可能受损,从而降低联盟绩效;第二,联盟内部的自主合作可以正向调节技术战略联盟运行中利益冲突风险、分歧冲突风险与联盟绩效的关系,并且削弱联盟依赖风险对联盟绩效的倒U型效应,从而起到协同优化的作用。政府扶持对技术战略联盟运行风险与联盟稳定关系的调节作用并不明显。 相似文献
9.
本文通过对106家中国上市企业在2009—2018年的面板数据进行多元回归分析,探讨了知识距离和企业知识基础的交互匹配对企业绿色创新的影响机制,以及网络密度在其中的调节作用。研究发现,拥有多样化知识基础的企业,嵌入到低知识距离联盟中更有利于企业绿色创新;而拥有专业化知识基础的企业,嵌入到高知识距离联盟中更有利于企业绿色创新。松散网络抑制了专业化知识基础和高知识距离的组合对企业绿色创新的正向效应,但改善了专业化知识基础和低知识距离的组合对企业绿色创新的影响,其调节效应在一段时间后可持续;紧密网络强化了专业化知识基础和高知识距离的组合对企业绿色创新的影响,以及多样化知识基础和低知识距离的组合对企业绿色创新的正向效应,其调节效应随着时间推移而减弱。本文有助于识别企业绿色创新的最优内外部知识配置和网络结构,为提升我国企业绿色创新效果提供理论参考。 相似文献
10.
Optimal cognitive distance and absorptive capacity 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
In this paper we test the relation between cognitive distance and innovation performance of firms engaged in technology-based alliances. The key finding is that the hypothesis of an inverted U-shaped effect of cognitive distance on innovation performance of firms is confirmed. Moreover, as expected, we found that the positive effect for firms is much higher when engaging in more radical, exploratory alliances than in more exploitative alliances. The effect of cumulative R&D turns out to be mixed. It appears to increase absorptive capacity, as expected, but there is clear evidence that it also reduces the effect of cognitive distance on novelty value, making it increasingly difficult to find additional novelty. 相似文献
11.
Venture capital financing and the growth of high-tech start-ups: Disentangling treatment from selection effects 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The financial and innovation literature generally claims that venture capital (VC) investments spur the growth of new technology-based firms (NTBFs). However, it has proved difficult so far to separate the “treatment” effect of the VC investment from the “selection” effect attributable to the ability of the VC investor to screen high growth NTBFs. The aim of this work is to test whether VC investments have a positive treatment effect on the growth of employment and sales of NTBFs. For this purpose we consider a 10-year longitudinal data set for 538 Italian NTBFs, most of which are privately held. The sample includes both VC-backed and non-VC-backed firms. We estimate Gibrat-law-type dynamic panel-data models augmented with time-varying variables that capture the VC status of firms. To control for the endogeneity of VC investments we use several GMM estimators. The econometric results strongly support the view that VC investments positively influence firm growth. The treatment effect of VC investments is of large economic magnitude, especially on growth of employment. Most of it is obtained immediately after the first round of VC finance. Conversely, the selection effect of VC appears to be negligible in the Italian context. 相似文献
12.
New technology-based firms (NTBFs) represent only a small proportion of the firms established in France each year; they attract very little specific attention from the national statistical apparatus and are considered to be of marginal significance by both the public authorities and financial institutions. Although the definition of NTBFs is problematic, the available evidence suggests that the survival rate of technology-based firms is higher than that of other start-ups. The most successful in terms of growth belong to dense and convergent networks through which they interact with larger firms and research organisations. There is very little public policy specifically targeted on NTBFs in France. Instead, public financing has been devoted mainly to the development of SMEs in general—in support of their role in the creation of new employment—and to supporting technology-based firms, both large and small, to strengthen the international competitiveness of the French industry. 相似文献
13.
Alliances with established organizations provide young firms with resources necessary for survival. We build on recent organizational research examining the effect of upper echelons on attracting powerful intermediaries to understand how young biotechnology firms establish alliances with established organizations. Drawing upon the concept of homophily, we test hypotheses regarding the extent to which young firms and partners match along specific homophily dimensions. Our findings from an event-history analysis of 3,200 career histories of managers who took biotechnology firms public between 1979 and 1996 show that alliance formation is related to status homophily and role-based homophily between young and established organizations. 相似文献
14.
We explore how an incumbent firm's internal knowledge and organization structure influences its strategic alliance formation. We propose that the firm's knowledge breadth and the centrality of its R&D organization structure positively influence its absorptive capacity, and consequently, its propensity to form strategic alliances. We also argue that the centrality of the R&D organization structure may be a substitute for the breadth of the knowledge base. We validate our ideas using data on 2647 strategic alliances formed over the period of 1993-2002 by 43 major biopharmaceutical firms in the U.S. and Europe. Our discussion focuses on the application of the knowledge-based view of the firm to strategic alliance research. The implications for public policy in the biopharmaceutical industry are also emphasized. 相似文献
15.
This work analyses the effect of public subsidies on firms’ investments and investment–cash flow sensitivity in a longitudinal sample of 288 Italian unlisted non-venture capital backed owner-managed new-technology-based firms (NTBFs), observed over a 15-year period from 1994 to 2008. Seventy five of these firms received one or more public subsidies in the observation period. We use an error correction model (ECM) specification and system generalised method of moment (GMM) techniques that take into account the endogeneity of public subsidies. First, we find that the investments of small NTBFs are sensitive to internal cash flows, while those of large NTBFs are not. Receipt of public subsidies by small NTBFs results in an increased investment rate and a reduced investment–cash flow sensitivity, in the immediately following year. We interpret these results as an indication of the relaxation of financial constraints. Moreover, while the increase in the investment rate does not persist in the long run, the dependence of investments on cash flow remains negligible after receipt of the first public subsidy. These results support the view that public subsidies can help small NTBFs in persistently removing the financial constraints that bind their investment activity. 相似文献
16.
Linus Dahlander 《Research Policy》2006,35(8):1243-1259
Since Teece's seminal paper explaining who were the gainers from technological innovation, increased globalization and the information and communication technology revolution have brought new ways for firms to organize and appropriate from innovation. A new more open model of innovation suggests that firms can benefit from sources of innovation that stem from outside the firm. The central theme of this paper is how firms try to unlock communities as complementary assets. These communities exist outside firm boundaries beyond ownership or hierarchical control. Because of practices developed by communities to protect their work, firms need to assign individuals to work in these communities in order to gain access to developments and, to an extent, influence the direction of the community. Using network analysis we show that some software firms sponsor individuals to act strategically within a free and open source software (FOSS) community. Firm sponsored individuals interact with more individuals than interact with them, and also they seek to interact with central individuals in the community. However, we can see differences in how individuals interact, depending on whether their affiliation is with a dedicated FOSS firm or an incumbent in the software industry. Apparently, some firm managers believe they need ‘a man on the inside’ to be able to gain access to communities. 相似文献
17.
自20世纪80年代以来,国际战略联盟不断增长并成为企业成长的新模式。在这种联盟背景下,中国企业与跨国公司缔结战略联盟仍然是我国企业成长的重要战略之一。然而,由于伙伴动机的冲突导致战略联盟的失败率极高,因此,选择合适的伙伴是联盟成功的关键。通过构建联盟动机:资源——学习——企业成长框架,从中国企业的角度分析战略联盟伙伴选择的标准。 相似文献
18.
本研究基于交易成本理论分析了在研发联盟组合中,研发合作伙伴的社会价值（中心企业的研发合作伙伴的伙伴数的平均值来衡量）如何作用于企业的突破性创新;同时分析了研发联盟伙伴技术多样性以及地理多样性的调节作用。基于1997年至2017年中国医药制造业构建研发联盟的数据,采用负二项回归分析发现：（1）在研发联盟组合中,研发联盟伙伴社会价值与企业突破性创新的关系为倒U形;（2）研发联盟伙伴技术多样性减弱了伙伴社会价值对企业突破性创新的倒U作用;（3）研发联盟伙伴地理多样性增强了伙伴社会价值对企业突破性创新的倒U作用。本文的研究结论不仅完善了现有的研发联盟组合文献和伙伴多样性研究文献,还基于交易成本理论为企业管理者进行伙伴选择及联盟组合管理提供重要的思路启发。 相似文献
19.
知识流反映了知识的动态性,通常采用人才交流、无形资产、研发联盟来测量。以262家企业数据为样本,探讨知识流对企业技术能力提升的影响,引入探索性学习和利用性学习作为知识转化的中介,用实证研究方法构建概念模型,通过分层回归分析和结构方程模型方法检验中介效应、验证相关假设。研究结果表明,知识流中"研发联盟"对企业技术能力提升作用最强,其次是"人才交流","无形资产"的影响不显著;探索性学习与利用性学习在知识流促进企业技术能力提升中起部分中介作用,且"研发联盟"与"人才交流"通过探索性学习对企业技术能力提升的间接作用大于直接作用。该研究有助于企业结合实际选择知识流,在重视研发联盟与人才交流的同时谨慎购买专利与技术,并保持探索性学习的持续性,使企业在知识管理的实践中提高技术能力。 相似文献