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1.
Alliances with established organizations provide young firms with resources necessary for survival. We build on recent organizational research examining the effect of upper echelons on attracting powerful intermediaries to understand how young biotechnology firms establish alliances with established organizations. Drawing upon the concept of homophily, we test hypotheses regarding the extent to which young firms and partners match along specific homophily dimensions. Our findings from an event-history analysis of 3,200 career histories of managers who took biotechnology firms public between 1979 and 1996 show that alliance formation is related to status homophily and role-based homophily between young and established organizations. 相似文献
2.
Knowledge sourcing is important for firms, especially in fast-paced industries. However, few studies explore the effects of knowledge-based predictors on the comparative choice of employing acquisitions versus alliances for sourcing external knowledge. This study extends the limited existing research on this topic. It simultaneously examines the effects of knowledge domain attributes, seeker and source experience-based knowledge, and dyad knowledge similarity and digestibility on whether a firm chooses an acquisition or alliance when sourcing external knowledge. Data is comprised of 209 research-driven acquisitions and alliances of biotechnology firms based in North America. Our findings reveal that external knowledge sourcing through acquisition is more likely when the knowledge domain is more complex and valuable. Acquisition is also preferred when the seeker has greater acquisition experience and when the source has accumulated a moderate level of alliance experience. Alliance, in contrast, is the chosen mode for accessing external knowledge when the knowledge is high in specificity and when the seeker has prior alliance experience. In addition, increasing similarity and digestibility of the dyad's knowledge bases strengthen the relationship between knowledge value and the probability of acquisition versus alliance. These results extend understanding of how firms decide to augment their knowledge resources in a knowledge-intensive industry. They also demonstrate that a multilevel KBV approach emphasizing knowledge characteristics uncovers important predictors of strategy and structure in research-driven organizations. 相似文献
3.
In search of complementary assets: The determinants of alliance formation of high-tech start-ups 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Why do new technology-based firms (NTBFs) cooperate? Starting from Teece's [Teece, D.J., 1986. Profiting from technological innovation: implications for integration, collaboration, licensing, and public policy. Research Policy 15, 285-305] conceptual framework and taking advantage of subsequent literature on alliance formation in the resource and competence-based tradition and in the social structure perspective, we derive an empirical model that aims at highlighting the inducements and obstacles that these firms face in alliance formation according to firm-specific characteristics and the nature of the alliance. In particular, a distinction is made between exploitative commercial alliances and explorative technological alliances. The econometric estimates, based on a large sample of Italian young high-tech firms that are observed from 1994 to 2003, provide strong evidence supporting two key intuitions of Teece's work. First, the “combination of specialized complementary assets” appears to be a key driver of the formation of exploitative commercial alliances by NTBFs. More specifically, patent holding affects positively the likelihood to establish commercial alliances, but this propensity is found to rapidly decrease with firm size, suggesting that as long as NTBFs become larger and possess specialized commercial assets their urge for commercial alliances diminishes. Second, following the parallelism set forth by Teece between search for alliance partners and access to external financing, the analysis indicates that potentially beneficial alliances may not take place because of the high transaction costs faced by smaller NTBFs. In this respect, our results clearly support the view that sponsor institutions as public research organizations, venture and corporate venture capitalists may sensibly reduce these costs and that their role crucially depends on both the identity of the sponsor and the type of alliance. 相似文献
4.
本文通过对重庆、深圳、西安等地建立了非对称竞争性战略联盟的近500名企业中高层管理人员的问卷调查,利用结构方程模型,从实证的角度,研究了非对称竞争性战略联盟中资源依赖性、关系风险和联盟绩效的相互影响。研究结果表明,非对称竞争性战略联盟中,资源的依赖性对联盟关系风险具有显著的正相关影响,关系风险对联盟绩效具有显著的负相关影响,而资源依赖性对联盟绩效只具有部分的负相关影响。表明在非对称型与对称型竞争性战略联盟中,资源依赖性、关系风险和联盟绩效三者之间的关系存在很大的差异,处于联盟中的企业应注意这种差别所带来的影响。 相似文献
5.
联盟管理能力是动态能力的一种特殊形式,基于形成动态能力的不同组织惯例和常规,企业联盟管理能力在理论上包括组织间协调、联盟组合协调、组织间学习、组织感知和联盟组织变革五个要素。通过对珠三角313家创新型企业的调查研究,采用高阶因子分析检验了这一结构的合理性,同时基于结构方程模型方法探讨了联盟管理能力在联盟发展、联盟经验和联盟组织结构对联盟价值创造产生影响时的中介作用。实证分析结果显示联盟管理能力对于联盟价值创造具有正向的影响,联盟管理能力在联盟发展对联盟价值创造的影响中具有部分的中介效应,在联盟经验和联盟组织结构对于联盟价值创造的影响中具有完全的中介效应。 相似文献
6.
技术获取作为众多企业选择建立战略联盟的重要原因,促进了企业创新绩效的提升。然而,技术获取的联盟动机对企业创新产出的影响却是一个极为复杂的作用过程。本文以已有研究为基础,引入专利策略构建"技术获取-专利策略选择-创新绩效"的分析框架,考察技术获取的联盟动机如何借助专利策略选择作用于企业创新绩效。选取信息技术产业的联盟企业作为样本,通过实证研究发现:技术获取动机会引致企业专利策略组合的运用,实现了技术获取向创新绩效的转化;技术获取引致的企业创新绩效因联盟意图及策略组合而存在差异,以市场进入为目标的情形下,企业创新效率和专利产出趋于增加;以市场拓展为诉求的联盟企业市值得到强化。 相似文献
7.
《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2001,12(2):205-226
In many high technology industries, strategic alliances have become important for improving a firm's financial performance by providing knowledge that can be used to develop the capabilities needed to introduce new products. Therefore, researchers have examined those characteristics of alliances that can contribute to the performance of high technology companies. There is agreement that the structure and knowledge flows within alliances can affect a firm's innovativeness. However, to date, researchers have studied alliances as individual events or transactions, failing to recognize their synergistic effects as a coherent portfolio. Viewing alliances as a portfolio of strategic agreements, we suggest that portfolio characteristics will be associated with a high technology firm's innovative and financial performance. Also, we suggest that portfolio characteristics will influence absorptive capacity. We test these propositions using a sample of 2456 alliances formed by 143 biopharmaceutical firms. The results indicate that alliance portfolio characteristics and absorptive capacity jointly influence performance. The implications of these findings for high technology firms are discussed. 相似文献
8.
《Research Policy》2019,48(8):103766
Organizations build strategic alliances with other firms with the intent of tapping into partners’ resources and capturing long-term value from these relationships. Such partnerships are typically governed by contractual or equity arrangements with clear mutual obligations. More recently, however, organizations have begun to seek strategic partnerships with open innovation communities, which are novel digitally enabled forms of organizing, and where contractual commitments are not possible. Thus, selecting the right open innovation community as an alliance partner becomes a more complex decision. We follow how the organizational decision makers, in two technology firms that were pioneers of forming strategic alliances with open innovation communities, developed metrics around making such decisions. We build upon Shah and Swaminathan’s (2008) contingency model of alliance partner selection and consider how it applies to the case of partnering with open innovation communities. This framework was useful in to frame our findings, yet our work recognizes and builds upon two key differences: 1) the evaluation metrics used in selecting an open innovation community were more focused on value creation than value capture; and 2) open ecosystem considerations, and not just partner-specific metrics, featured prominently in this type of alliance partner evaluation. We develop the notions of community and ecosystem health to refer to these new metrics. 相似文献
9.
Timothy B. Folta Walter J. Ferrier 《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2000,11(2):175-198
This study examines how national culture influences the likelihood and rate of buyouts among R&D equity alliances and joint ventures in the biotechnology industry. We hypothesize that the interaction of specific national culture attributes and cultural differences between alliance partners have an impact on: (1) the amount of endogenous uncertainty surrounding the potential integration of the target firm and (2) the marginal rate of learning in hierarchical versus collaborative governance. Applying a competing hazard model to a sample of 173 joint ventures and minority equity collaborations in the biotechnology industry, we found that investing firms from high power distance and high uncertainty avoidance countries are more likely to buy out their alliance partners. Furthermore, greater cultural distance between alliance partners increases the likelihood of partner buyout when investing firms are from high power distance countries. 相似文献
10.
Strategic alliances are important channels for interfirm learning, especially for small firms that are resource constrained. Of the several alliance attributes, technological distance between partners (measured as the distance between partners’ innovative outcomes) is shown to have a significant influence on the learning benefits from strategic alliances. Drawing upon the theory of recombination, our study argues that the influence of technological distance on learning is best understood by not only measuring the distance between innovative outcomes, but by also taking into consideration the knowledge elements underlying the innovative outcomes. We develop a concept of knowledge base homogeneity that captures the extent to which the innovative outcomes of partnering firms draw upon similar sets of knowledge elements. Using patent and alliance data from 201 small biotechnology firms during the period 1996–2010, we confirm that the technological distance has an inverted u-shaped relationship on interfirm learning. We further demonstrate that this u-shaped relationship is moderated by the knowledge base homogeneity between partners, such that benefits of technological distance are enhanced and the costs of technological distance are mitigated when the knowledge base homogeneity between alliance partners is high. The results have important implications for interfirm learning, especially in the context of small firms that are limited in their knowledge stocks. 相似文献
11.
以文献研究为基础,对技术标准联盟以及另外两类极易与其混淆的联盟形式——RD联盟和专利联盟——进行了比较分析,旨在揭示技术标准联盟的本质、根本特征、典型问题以及适合的研究模式。研究提出,技术标准联盟的本质是一种联盟组合,是往往同时涵盖技术研制与技术产业化两项功能的多组织联合体,一定程度上可以理解为是以RD联盟和专利联盟为基础的联盟组合,因此,技术标准联盟与传统的RD联盟和专利联盟既具有关联,但同时也存在差异。在进一步识别以上三种联盟的共性问题以及可以共享的研究模式之后,论文提出还需要从联盟组合/联盟网络角度来探索契合于技术标准联盟的专有研究模式。 相似文献
12.
Strategic alliance termination and performance: The role of task complexity, nationality, and experience 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
William W. McCutchen Jr. Paul M. Swamidass Bing-Sheng Teng 《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2008,18(2):191-202
Fewer than 50% of strategic alliances are successful [Das, T. K., & Teng, B. (2000). Instabilities of strategic alliances: An internal tensions perspective. Organization Science, 11, 77–101]. This study examines the role of task complexity, nationality, prior alliance experience, and disparity in alliance experience in strategic alliance termination and performance. Based on survey responses from 85 parties in biopharmaceutical alliances, it is found that strategic alliances are more likely to be terminated and have poor performance when they have (1) both R&D and marketing elements, (2) domestic partners, (3) limited prior strategic alliance experience, and (4) large strategic alliance experience disparity between partners. Some of the findings are new and deserve additional investigations. 相似文献
13.
We explore how an incumbent firm's internal knowledge and organization structure influences its strategic alliance formation. We propose that the firm's knowledge breadth and the centrality of its R&D organization structure positively influence its absorptive capacity, and consequently, its propensity to form strategic alliances. We also argue that the centrality of the R&D organization structure may be a substitute for the breadth of the knowledge base. We validate our ideas using data on 2647 strategic alliances formed over the period of 1993-2002 by 43 major biopharmaceutical firms in the U.S. and Europe. Our discussion focuses on the application of the knowledge-based view of the firm to strategic alliance research. The implications for public policy in the biopharmaceutical industry are also emphasized. 相似文献
14.
随着全球化的深化发展,技术标准竞争已成为大国竞争的重要手段。由于知识基础的限制,以企业为主导的技术标准联盟应运而生,并成为一种高级战略联盟竞争形式。本文采用问卷调查法,以参与标准联盟的261家企业为调研对象,探讨知识整合能力、联盟管理能力、关系质量与技术标准联盟绩效四者的关系。结果表明：第一,企业的知识整合能力对提升技术标准联盟绩效有积极作用;第二,企业的联盟管理能力对提升技术标准联盟绩效有积极作用;第三,技术标准联盟中伙伴关系质量的提升,将有助于知识整合能力和联盟管理能力对技术标准联盟绩效产生积极作用。本文最后提出结论与启示以及研究不足与展望,希望为我国技术标准联盟的发展提供参考。 相似文献
15.
基于整合观的联盟管理研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
虽然近年来有关联盟管理研究的文献非常多，但是能够揭示联盟成功秘密的却非常少。在本文中，我们提出了在现有的文献中有关联盟管理的主要由三个观点（双边的、企业层次的和网络层次的），但是没有一个观点能够为我们提供对联盟管理的全面理解。因此，成功的联盟管理需要深刻地了解联盟管理所有三个层次的内涵以及他们的相互作用。 相似文献
16.
以实证性的检验揭示专利联盟特质对联盟市场绩效影响的微观机理,发现我国专利联盟建设中的成效与不足,提出专利联盟建设的改进方向,以进一步促进我国专利联盟的成长。 相似文献
17.
基于国内汽车行业的研发联盟企业数据,构建并验证了联盟契约控制对于研发联盟风险的作用机理,揭示了联盟成员共同信任对于联盟契约控制与研发联盟风险之间关系的部分中介效应。实证发现,联盟契约控制对于研发联盟风险具有显著负向影响;联盟成员共同信任对于研发联盟风险也具有显著负向影响;联盟成员共同信任对于联盟契约控制与研发联盟风险之间的关系具有部分中介效应,即联盟契约控制在直接负向影响研发联盟风险的同时,还会以联盟成员共同信任为中介变量而间接负向影响研发联盟风险。最后,基于以上发现提出了相应的管理启示。 相似文献
18.
联盟已成为高新技术企业成长与发展过程中的重要战略选择,然而现实中许多高新技术企业缔结的联盟却以失败告终。如何提升高新技术企业的联盟绩效既是学术界探讨的焦点问题,也是实践界亟待解决的重要难题。本文通过理论分析构建了高新技术企业创业导向、联盟能力与联盟绩效的概念模型,并基于中国转型经济情境下195家高新技术企业的大样本调查数据,综合运用多元回归方法与结构方程模型对研究假设进行了验证。研究结果表明,高新技术企业创业导向对其联盟能力及联盟绩效都有显著的正向影响;联盟能力在高新技术企业创业导向与联盟绩效关系间发挥完全中介作用。 相似文献
19.
Jorge Niosi 《Research Policy》2003,32(5):737-750
The goal of this paper is to understand the factors explaining differential growth in biotechnology firms. It aims also to add some caution to the generalized opinion according to which alliances are the key factor behind new firm performance. The theoretical framework is based on competence, and evolutionary theories of the firm. These approaches underline the fact that within similar industries and technologies firms display clear and persistent variety in performance. Some 60 dedicated biotechnology firms (DBFs) were interviewed across Canada; half of them experienced rapid growth. A few variables, including alliances, explained much of the fast growth. 相似文献