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1.
We explore the antecedents of corporate spin-offs for a sample of 3462 Spanish firms between 1992 and 2002. Using a resource-based approach, we identify three reasons firms engage in spin-offs: (a) to create complementarities, (b) to appropriate residual rents, and (c) to focus on the core business. Specifically, we find that spin-offs are more common among firms that belong to a group able to create networks and new knowledge that can be exploited through spin-offs. In addition, we find that spin-offs are more frequent in firms that wish to exploit strategic advantages achieved through knowledge investments and in firms that increase efforts to the focus on the parent firm's core competences. 相似文献
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This study empirically examines whether the research and development (R&D) activities of foreign-owned firms in Japan differ notably from the R&D activities of domestically-owned firms based on a firm-level panel dataset. Our study carefully disentangles the significant differences in R&D investment behavior of subsidiaries due to three different reasons: having a foreign parent, corporate group affiliation, and the degree of relatedness between business units. The results reveal the following. First, firms that are majority-owned by another firm are less active in R&D than independent firms. Second, foreign ownership does not matter if the parent firm is from a G7 country, but R&D intensity is significantly and positively associated with foreign ownership if the parent firm is from a non-G7 country. Finally, for subsidiaries whose business is related to that of their parent firm, the R&D intensity is lower if the parent is a domestic firm, but higher if it is a foreign firm. These findings imply that globalization and the integration of firms may not only affect production patterns and global supply chains, but may also have an important impact on the level of domestic R&D activities. 相似文献
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股东多样性对衍生企业绩效的影响机制研究———研发投入的中介作用 《科学学研究》2021,39(11):2005-2012
学术创业对于国家的技术进步、创新能力提升和区域经济发展都有着非常重要的影响,大学/科研院所衍生企业是学术创业的重要形式之一,也是促进科技成果转化的重要途径之一。近年来衍生企业相关研究逐渐兴起,成为学术界和产业界关注的热点话题。文章基于中国科学院及其各研究院所358家衍生企业2008-2017年的面板数据,采用固定效应模型,从资源基础理论和代理理论出发,探究了学术衍生企业的股东特征对衍生企业绩效的影响机制。结果发现,衍生企业的股东多样性对企业的专利产出和财务绩效均有显著的促进作用,研发投入在股东多样性与企业绩效中间起中介作用,股东多样性水平越高,对企业研发投入和企业绩效的促进作用越强。 相似文献
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学术创业企业的成长伴随着从科研网络向产业网络的跨越,为了解析其成长机理,本文以中美两国共14个学术创业案例为依据,从“社会网络—合法性”视角分析企业网络的动态演化,并着重探讨了各阶段合法性约束的种类、身份转化劣势的作用机制以及合法性策略选择的情境条件。研究发现：（1）学术创业者在创业者存在身份转换劣势,并给企业带来合法性约束。（2）根据网络边界跨越方式的不同,创业者建立合法性的策略可分为直驱型策略和迂回型策略。（3）合法性策略的选择受到企业所在网络的多样性和自身技术新颖性的影响。基于学术创业的特殊情境,论文提出身份转换劣势的概念,并为企业成长理论和合法性理论做出贡献。 相似文献
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We consider the managerial and policy implications of the rise of spin-offs at public research institutions (PRIs), based on a knowledge-based view (KBV) of the firm. This framework highlights the importance of knowledge in the creation and development of spin-offs. We argue that in order to understand the development of spin-offs, researchers should focus on “knowledge gaps” these new ventures encounter. Knowledge gaps can occur at different levels of aggregation, including the PRI, spin-off, team, individual, incubator, and at different stages of spin-off development. Based on this framework, we synthesize findings from previous studies and papers in the special issue and offer some suggestions for additional research on spin-offs from PRIs. 相似文献
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Henry Chesbrough 《Research Policy》2003,32(3):403-421
Companies that conduct internal research cannot fully specify the output from that research in advance. Inevitably, spillovers may result. A company might choose to create a technology spin-off company to realize value from such research spillovers. But how is such a spin-off to be governed? Effective spin-off governance structures in a highly uncertain environment must promote experimentation and adaptation, in order to unlock the latent value in a technology. These can conflict with structures intended to manage coordination with the parent firm’s complementary assets.This paper analyses 35 spin-off organizations that arose from the Xerox Corporation. Xerox’s own initial equity position is negatively correlated with the subsequent performance of its spin-offs, but this is due not to their equity per se, but Xerox’s practices in managing its spin-offs. Spin-offs with a higher percentage of venture capital investors on their Boards were associated with higher financial performance, while spin-offs with a Xerox insider as CEO were associated with lower financial performance. Qualitative interview data suggest that Xerox’s practices caused its spin-offs to search locally near Xerox’s own business, while spin-offs governed by outside investors’ practices searched a broader space for commercializing their technologies. 相似文献
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原始性创新对企业资源与能力提出较高要求,而随着中国市场经济的转型和民主化进程的加快,企业逐渐具备了通过政治行为影响政府决策与公共政策的能力。基于制度视角和资源依赖理论,研究企业政治行为影响原始性创新的路径以及企业组织冗余对这一关系的影响。404家中国企业调研数据的实证研究表明,企业政治行为有利于其获得政治合法性,进而促进企业的原始性创新。另外,组织冗余正向调节政治合法性与原始性创新之间的关系,即企业组织冗余水平较高时,政治合法性对原始性创新的促进作用更大。研究结论有助于我们更好地理解促进企业原始性创新的机制,对现阶段中国企业的创新实践具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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衍生战略作为企业培育新生业务的一种方式,其适用性与有效性受到母体企业资源禀赋程度、资源结构、业务间的资源关联程度、资源载体等因素的影响。本文从以上角度对企业衍生战略进行了研究,并结合联想个案对相关假说进行了初步考察。 相似文献
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Conceptualising the heterogeneity of research-based spin-offs: A multi-dimensional taxonomy 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Philippe Mustar Marie Renault Evila Piva Andy Lockett Bart Clarysse Nathalie Moray 《Research Policy》2006,35(2):289-308
Research-based spin-offs (RBSOs) have become an important aspect of the technology transfer process. Emanating from what is conventionally a non-commercial environment, RBSOs pose major challenges if they are to realise their potential to meet the objectives of their founders and the parent research organisations (PROs) from which they emerge. An important issue is to understand the heterogeneity of RBSOs. This paper reviews the literature on RBSO typologies to develop a taxonomy of RBSOs. We identify common themes in relation to these typologies in relation to (1) spin-off creation and (2) spin-off development. The dimensions that differentiate between firms are the type of resources, the business model and the institutional link. We identify gaps in current typologies in order to propose avenues for future conceptual and empirical research. 相似文献
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创新是企业获得竞争优势并在市场竞争中立于不败之地的重要源泉，但是由于市场制度的不完善，中国企业常常借助政治关联而非技术创新来开拓市场。在制度基础观的分析框架下，本文以2009-2016期间在深圳、香港和美国创业板市场上市的中国制造业企业为样本，利用HECKMAN两阶段模型和混合截面层次回归方法实证检验了高管政治关联对企业创新投入的影响，并考察了企业境外上市、中央强力反腐败斗争和行业管理决断权的调节作用。本文结果显示：（1）高管政治关联与企业创新投入之间存在显著的负相关关系；（2）相比境外上市企业，境内上市企业的高管政治关联与企业创新投入的负相关关系更显著；（3）当企业所在的行业管理决断权较高时，高管政治关联与企业创新投入的负相关关系更显著；（4）对非国有企业而言，中央开展大力反腐败斗争后，高管政治关联与企业创新投入之间的负相关关系明显增强。研究结论拓展了高管政治关联和企业创新投入的实证研究，深化了制度基础观在中国情境下的应用，具备重要的实践意义。 相似文献
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The paper reports on a recent study, which uses various indicators to provide an insight on the performance of spin-off companies from the public sector research base in Oxfordshire (UK). The study builds upon the other studies and fills a gap in the field by gathering empirical information on the performance of technology-based spin-off companies. While the main geographical focus is the county of Oxfordshire, UK, the findings will also be of value for other researchers and institutions with an interest in assessing the performance of spin-off firms. The evidence shows that the number of spin-offs in Oxfordshire has increased rapidly over recent years, as the result of evolving national policy and the entrepreneurial culture of the universities and laboratories. However, the academics and scientists in Oxfordshire's institutions were already entrepreneurial in the 1950s, less so in the 1960s, but increasingly in the 1970s and 1980s, particularly in Oxford University, which is by far the largest generator of spin-offs in the region. 相似文献
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Why are some university researchers more likely to create spin-offs than others? Evidence from Canadian universities 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
This paper addresses the following question: why are some university researchers more likely to create spin-off companies than others? In order to explain why university researchers create spin-offs, we draw on the resource-based theory of the firm. The study database consists of 1554 university researchers funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). The logistic regression results suggest that the traditional and entrepreneurial visions of university research complement each other when one looks at the resources mobilized by researchers to launch spin-offs. 相似文献
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In this paper, we focus on the potential innovative benefits to corporate venture capital (CVC), i.e. equity investments in entrepreneurial ventures by incumbent firms. We propose that corporate venture capital programs may be instrumental in harvesting innovations from entrepreneurial ventures and thus an important part of a firm's overall innovation strategy. We hypothesize that these programs are especially effective in weak intellectual property (IP) regimes and when the firm has sufficient absorptive capacity. We analyze a large panel of public firms over a 20-year period and find that increases in corporate venture capital investments are associated with subsequent increases in firm patenting. 相似文献
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Corporate venture investments are an established means for incumbent firms to access radical innovation. Drawing from a behavioural agency framework, we distinguish two mechanisms that govern the relationship between corporate venture investment and radical innovation, the safety net that corporate sponsors provide and control incentives. While the safety net induces a gap between the radical innovation success of corporate ventures (CVs) and ventures without a corporate sponsor, the superior radical innovation success of CVs decreases with the corporate sponsor’s incentives to control the venture. The impact of the safety net and control incentives further depends on the corporate sponsor’s position vis-à-vis her aspiration level. 相似文献
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企业社会责任前移成为近年来研究的热点,但基于新创企业面临的两难困境,深入探究企业社会责任前移内在机理的研究稍少。本文分析了正式/非正式两种制度嵌入对新创企业公益参与的影响以及企业成长能力的调节作用,并以我国1142家新创企业为样本进行了实证研究。结果表明:(1)正式/非正式的制度嵌入对新创企业的公益参与都有显著的正向影响;(2)在转型经济下,非正式制度嵌入的影响作用更大;(3)企业创新能力对上述关系起着负向调节作用。研究结论对理解企业社会责任前移和新创企业成长具有指导意义。 相似文献
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This paper considers the question of whether the resource endowments of science-based entrepreneurial firms are influenced by the way technology transfer is organised at the parent organisation. We studied one public research organisation in detail (IMEC, Belgium), by questioning all managers involved in technology transfer and the founders of all science-based entrepreneurial firms set up between 1986 and 2002. This research identifies three generations of companies at IMEC, mirroring the organisational changes in technology transfer policies and displaying distinct resource characteristics. Establishing an incubator structure for spin-offs seems to be a learning process during which little decision making can be exerted over senior management's social network in the financial and business community for securing the financial, technological and human resources for the science-based entrepreneurial firms. 相似文献
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How top management team diversity affects innovativeness and performance via the strategic choice to focus on innovation fields 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Past innovation research has largely neglected potential effects of corporate governance issues on strategic choices, and thereby on innovation management outcomes. The theory of upper echelon implies that strategic choices result from idiosyncrasies of top management teams (TMT). Building on this theory, we hypothesize that TMT diversity enhances firm performance by facilitating an innovation strategy that increases the firm's new product portfolio innovativeness. Our findings support the relevance of considering a corporate governance view for explaining innovation outcomes. Empirically, we can show that TMT diversity has a strong impact on the strategic choice of firms to focus on innovation fields. Such focus then drives new product portfolio innovativeness and firm performance. As corporate governance arrangements thus seem relevant in the context of innovation management, we can derive implications for both policy makers and innovation researchers. 相似文献
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戴维奇 《科学学与科学技术管理》2012,33(6):156-164
结合以往组织冗余方面研究所提及的"黏性"维度,进一步提出"能动性"这一重要维度,并围绕两个维度比较人力冗余和财务冗余对公司创业和企业成长的差异化影响。相对于财务冗余,人力资源冗余具有较高的"黏性",更具战略性,因此对企业成长具有更多的实际意义。同时,由于人力资源冗余具有高"能动性",能调动其他资源并实现资源组合,因而更可能推动公司创业并实现企业成长。以157家企业为研究样本,实证研究表明,人力冗余通过公司创业推动企业成长,而财务冗余对企业成长和公司创业的正向影响不显著。最后讨论了研究的理论意义与实际意义。 相似文献
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集群企业异质性及其对产业集群演进的影响机制研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
吴波 《科学学与科学技术管理》2011,32(6)
从演进视角,认为集群企业在演进的过程中会由于路径依赖而形成差异性的知识基础与多样性的网络模式,二者彼此强化进而形成集群企业的异质性.基于异质性假设,分析了集群企业异质化的三种路径,包括知识守门人、企业衍生和企业迁移及其对产业集群演进的影响机制. 相似文献