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1.
利用昌都市1980~2014年7个站点逐日降水资料,以第95个百分位值确定了不同站点的极端降水阈值,对昌都市极端降水事件的时空分布特征进行分析。结果显示:昌都市极端降水阈值为13.9~19.1mm,年极端降水量为65.7~158.3mm,极端降水频数为3.3~7.6d,极端降水强度在18.4~25.0mm·d-1,空间上基本由北向南呈"高—低—高"分布。近35a丁青、类乌齐、八宿和左贡极端降水量、频数和降水强度都趋于增加;洛隆都表现为减少;昌都极端降水量和降水强度趋于增加,频数减少;左贡极端降水频数增加,而降水量和强度都减少;就全市平均而言,极端降水量、频数和强度都整体增加。极端降水量和极端降水频数都存在准2a、准6a和准12~13a震荡周期,且周期分布极为相似;极端降水强度存在准3a、准9a和准15a震荡周期,准3a周期存在与整个分析时间序列中,准9a周期存在于90年代后期,而准15a周期在20世纪80年代至21世纪最初几年表现较为明显。  相似文献   

2.
徐泽华  韩美  朱继前  田立鑫 《科技通报》2019,35(8):46-53,102
基于青岛气象台站1961-2010年50年逐月降水资料,计算青岛市降雨侵蚀力。利用Mann-Kendall非参数检验法和累积距平等方法,对青岛市年降雨侵蚀力的变化趋势进行分析。运用连续小波变换(CWT)、交叉小波变化(XWT)和小波相干谱(WTC)分析降雨侵蚀力与ENSO相关指数的周期及其之间的相关关系。结果表明:青岛市年降雨侵蚀力呈下降趋势,变化倾向率为5. 3 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h·a~2),特别是20世纪80年代以来,降雨侵蚀力下降较为显著;分月看,降雨侵蚀力8月最大,为1190. 1 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h·a),12月最小,仅13. 1 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h·a),月际差异明显。累积距平得出,年降雨侵蚀力与ENSO相关指数的突变点位置基本一致,但变化趋势存在差异。青岛市年降雨侵蚀力存在4~5 a的变化周期,与ENSO相关指数呈现出相似的震荡特征;侵蚀力与ENSO相关指数存在显著相关性,在高能量区,降雨侵蚀力和SOI、SST距平值和MEI共振周期是一致的,但分布的时间段不同,且位相变化相反;在低能量区,降雨侵蚀力与SOI有0~0. 5 a呈同位相的共振周期,与SST距平值有4. 5~5 a和5~5. 5a呈负位相的共振周期,与MEI存在0~1 a的共振周期。  相似文献   

3.
云南是我国地震灾害最严重的省份,地表活动具有频度高、震极大、分布广、灾害重的特点。1970年以来,仅7级地震就高达8次之多,给人们造成巨大的生命财产和经济损失。学校是人员非常密集场所,校园地震安全,备受党和国家高度关注,针对云南校园地震安全教育存在的问题,应以校园地震安全教育工程为抓手,成立地震安全教育组织机构,推进安全教育资源建设。  相似文献   

4.
祁连山区日照时数的空间差异、突变与多尺度分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
张锐  刘普幸  张克新  贾文雄 《资源科学》2010,32(12):2413-2418
基于祁连山区8个气象站点1958年-2006年逐月日照时数资料,利用线性趋势线、ArcGIS中的Inverse Distance Weighted插值、Mann-Kendall突变检验和Morlet小波分析等方法,对祁连山区日照时数的时空变化特征、突变特点和变化周期进行分析。结果表明:近50a来,祁连山区年平均日照时数呈增加趋势,冬季日照时数呈减少趋势,春、夏、秋季呈增加趋势,且以春季增幅最大;日照时数增幅大小具有显著的中西段大、东南段小的地域差异;增加突变显著,突变时间存在空间差异性。日照时数的周期(p≤0.1)具有多尺度、多层次和多分辨的特性结构,且表现出由中段21a中尺度周期向西、向东逐渐变为4~7a短周期的地域特征。  相似文献   

5.
2013年4月20日龙门山断裂带南段发生Ms7.0级芦山地震,通过计算多个地震活动参数,定量分析芦山地震发生的背景地震活动性及与汶川地震的关联性.结果表明:1)历史记载龙门山断裂南段仅有3次6.0级以上强震,存在地震空区的历史地震背景;2)通过a值分析可知,芦山地震发生前30年背景地震活动性较高;3)分析汶川地震前后b值的空间分布差异,发现龙门山断裂南段在汶川地震后仅部分区域b值下降,应力增强,芦山地震发生在b值明显下降区.  相似文献   

6.
据不完全统计,20世纪以来中国西部地区共发生7级以上地震68次,其中8级以上地震9次。20世纪以来中国西部地区7级以上地震时间分布特征包括地震时间间隔短、地震频率高、地震活跃期和平静期交替出现的周期性现象非常明显,不同月份的地震活跃程度差异很大;空间分布总体上受欧亚大陆板块与印度洋板块作用和地中海—喜马拉雅地震带约束,7级以上地震主要分布在地震带上,在空间上表现出较明显的周期性和有序性。  相似文献   

7.
刘艳  阮惠华  张云惠  李杨 《资源科学》2012,34(4):629-635
利用新疆北疆地区51个地面站1961年-2008年逐日积雪深度资料,重点分析了年和冬季最大雪深及其均值和24h≥10cm积雪日数均值和最大值的空间分布和周期特征。结果显示:①北疆地区最大雪深和≥10cm积雪日数空间分布局地差异显著,多雪区具有沿山脉分布的空间特征,集中在北部阿勒泰和富蕴、青河一带、中天山博格达峰、塔城盆地和西天山伊犁河谷;②多雪区内,24h≥10cm年均和年最大日数分别为20~25d和65~75d;③多雪区内,最大雪深的周期特征显著,同属暖区降雪的阿勒泰地区和塔城盆地最大雪深具有7a左右和11a左右的第一和第二主周期。属冷锋降雪的伊犁河谷具有11a左右和7a左右的振荡周期;④塔城盆地和阿勒泰地区的第一、第二周期一致,而伊犁河谷周期分布与之相反,这主要与气候背景、环流形势及影响系统不同有关,其次是与地理位置、地形有关。  相似文献   

8.
嫩江流域径流量多时间尺度特征分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
徐东霞  章光新  冯夏清 《资源科学》2009,31(9):1592-1598
目前在全球气候变化与人类活动的双重影响下,陆地水文循环发生了深刻的变化,近50年来,嫩江流域径流过程发生了巨大变化,加剧了水资源的短缺和时空变异性,并带来一系列突出的水与生态环境问题.本文根据嫩江、石灰窑、同盟、江桥、大赉水文站1956年~2006年51a的径流资料,采用Morlet小波对嫩江流域径流序列进行了多时间尺度研究,结果表明:流域径流演变过程存在明显的多时间尺度特征,具有8a、20a、45a多尺度的周期变化规律,且以45a尺度的年代周期信号最强,表明45a尺度的年代周期变化最为明显;嫩江、江桥气象站的降水周期与上述径流资料基本一致,说明降水的变化是流域径流演变过程的重要自然控制因素.  相似文献   

9.
西南地区旱涝演变与ENSO事件的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
刘琳  徐宗学  杨晓静 《资源科学》2019,41(11):2144-2153
在气候变化大背景下,西南地区旱涝频发,而ENSO(厄尔尼诺-南方涛动)是气候变化的重要指示性因子。本文利用海表温度距平(SSTA)、南方涛动指数(SOI)、西南地区近57年的降水和气温数据,运用小波分析和数理统计方法,分析ENSO事件与降水、气温及旱涝指数的相关关系。结果表明:①ENSO事件存在9 a、24 a和3~4 a左右的准周期变化。②降水量、气温与ENSO事件强度存在比较明显的相关关系,且存在一定的滞后性;在EI Nino(厄尔尼诺)事件发生的年份,西南地区的降水、气温与SSTA在滞后2~4个月时呈显著负相关;在La Nina(拉尼娜)事件发生的年份,西南地区的降水、气温与SSTA在滞后2~4个月时呈显著正相关关系;气温同ENSO事件相关关系更为明显。③ENSO事件强度与旱涝等级存在一定的负相关关系,当EI Nino事件强度增大时对应西南地区的干旱事件增多;当La Nina事件强度增大时,西南地区洪涝事件增多;旱涝指数SPI和SOI也呈极显著的负相关关系,SOI对旱涝的影响存在1~4个月的滞后期,并且在滞后3个月时影响最大。因此,西南地区在强ENSO事件发生的当年或次年易发生旱涝灾害,需要提高对旱涝事件的警惕,加强防汛抗旱工作。本文结果可为西南地区防汛抗旱工作提供参考。  相似文献   

10.
通过对佛山两次龙卷过程的天气背景、物理量、多普勒雷达资料的分析,可以得到:(1)两次龙卷过程天气形势的共同特征是:中低层有急流,近地面层处于一个暖湿的环境,且925 h Pa干线位于龙卷发生地附近。不同点是:6月9日龙卷过程850 h Pa和925 h Pa切变线离龙卷发生地较远,且高空槽对于该地影响较小,3月25日龙卷过程850 h Pa和925 h Pa切变位于龙卷发生地附近,且地面有一条明显的辐合线,佛山位于高空槽前。(2)物理量分析发现:和长江下游平原的龙卷不同,此两次过程的CAPE值并不大,但CIN值同样比较小;6月9日的低层(0~1 km)的垂直风切变较大,接近国外统计出现强龙卷的下限,高层垂直风切变不大,3月25日低层(0~1 km)的垂直风切变虽然不大,但中层(0-3 km)的垂直风切变较大;对于K指数、SI指数、MDPI指数以及SWISS指数均超过了一般强对流的指数阈值。(3)两次龙卷过程的回波形态、高度、强度以及它们的变化各不相同,中气旋的强度也不相同,但中气旋内部的垂直涡度较大。另雷达导出的中气旋产品和龙卷涡旋特征对于这两次过程的龙卷预警意义不大。  相似文献   

11.
Previously, inadequate earthquake catalogs and the lack of method made it challenging, if not impossible, to determine the dominant period of earthquake occurrence. With the advent of densely distributed seismic stations in Japan since 2002, 410 642 M1.0+ earthquakes have been cataloged under the mainland within 30-km depth, which provide a superb dataset to identify the periodicity of earthquakes. We processed this catalog using time-frequency analyses and daily stacking, which are powerful in extracting weak periodical signal from strong random noises. We concentrated on the time sector from 0:00 to 6:00 (i.e. from midnight to daybreak), which is a reliable time window for much higher detectability of weak earthquakes, since it has the lowest affects from cultural noises. We successfully observed two apparent periodicities of 12- and 24-hour, which are much smaller than the fortnightly periodicity presented previously in the literature. Synthetic earth tides, after intentionally ignoring the contribution from the Moon, present similar dominant periods as the earthquakes. This may indicate that the dominant period of earthquakes is statistically associated with the Sun rather than the Moon. The daily stacking number of earthquakes using a 15-minute or 1-hour interval shows a peak around 1:30, rather than usually expected 3:00 to 4:00. In addition, bigger earthquakes show more evident variations in the stacking results, and the trend is very consistent for various lower limits of earthquake magnitude from M1.0 to M4.0. These discoveries settled the disputes on the existence of the periodicity of earthquakes since 1886 and may open a window to unravel the mystery of earthquakes.  相似文献   

12.
Load voltage waveforms corresponding to symmetrical phase-angle triggering and integral-cycle triggering in single-phase thyristor circuits, and also the waveform due to half-wave rectification, are all discrete forms of amplitude modulation. In each case the modulated output voltage is obtained from a sinusoidal (supply) carrier signal by use of a rectangular modulating function, dependent on thyristor switching.The use of amplitude modulation (AM) techniques for frequency conversion in high power applications is subject to certain severe restrictions of performance. These restrictions can be largely overcome by the use of phase modulation (PM) methods which involve two channels of AM in each electrical supply line.Appropriate waveforms may be realised by the use of controlled switching of thyristors. These are arranged in combinations of inverse-parallel connected pairs forming subtractor modulators. Certain thyristor commutation problems arise in PM systems at high power levels. These problems can be overcome by producing so-called AM/PM waveforms that combine the separate advantages of AM and PM systems.  相似文献   

13.
Amplitude Modulation (AM) and Phase Modulation (PM) processes of discrete form have been discussed in a previous associated paper. This present paper discusses discrete Frequency Modulation (FM) in power frequency circuits, highlighting their advantages compared with amplitude and phase modulations. Mixed modulation systems of both PM and FM nature are introduced to solve the disadvantages and undesirable features associated with pure FM modulation. A generalised equation of modulation is introduced to represent the various forms of power frequency modulation.  相似文献   

14.
慢地震研究中的一些问题   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
对慢地震研究中一些问题的研究现状进行了综述 ,包括 :慢地震的定义及特征、慢地震的识别和定位、慢地震孕育的地质构造背景和产生的物理机制、慢地震孕育和发生过程的数值模拟等 ,也涉及到长周期前兆与慢地震的关系、慢地震与应力触发、地震活动性的关系 .笔者认为 ,在中国起动慢地震研究 ,首先应解决慢地震识别、定位和震源机制问题 ,确切验证中国大陆是否存在慢地震 .为此需要加强各个地区的台网观测密度和发展宽频带地震仪、应变仪、GPS、InSAR的综合观测 ,并应加强对多种资料的综合理论分析及模拟的能力 .  相似文献   

15.
赵志谨 《科教文汇》2011,(36):205-206
2008年5月12日,我国四川汶川地区发生里氏8.0级地震,特大自然灾害牵动了全中国人民的心。尽管地震已经过去了,但是留给我们很多需要思考和学习的地方。作为我们一衣带水的邻国,日本素以地震多而闻名。全世界每年所发生的6级以上地震,有20%发生在日本。据不完全统计,日本全国平均每天有4次地震,6级以上地震每年也有1次。  相似文献   

16.
应急地震学的研究进展   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
因孕震过程很难进行直接观测,人类对孕震过程及地震破裂起始过程了解尚少,地震的短临预报在短期难以取得突破。目前美、日等发达国家及地区采取的对策是,强化建筑物抗震设防、深化地震快速应急研究。应急地震学是指在地震发生后以最短的时间确定地震的位置及强度,利用现代通信的快速性,在破坏性地震波(主要是地震面波)达到之前几到几十秒的时间内采取适当的措施,避免一些人员财产损失,形成地震预警系统。应急地震学另一个重要内容则是地震灾害的快速估计,即利用国家及全球的地震波形信息,结合地震灾区的强地面震动记录,快速确定地震的起始、终止时间、地点及能量释放的具体过程,结合当地地质结构信息,从而估计各地区可能的受灾程度,为合理分配救灾资源提供第一手资料。在进一步加密我国地震台网的基础上,在东部平原大都市地区我国应可实现强震(6.5级以上)发生后20秒内快速确定震中及震级,实现地震极早期预警。同时可在几小时内确定地震能量释放过程,形成地面震动理论评估图(shakemap),按照灾情程度合理分配救灾资源,提高救灾效率。  相似文献   

17.
不同意义下的震源深度   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过对1993年6月发生在环太平洋地震带上几个5.7级以上地震的分析,利用震中初始确定(PDE)资料及全球数字地震台网(GDSN)宽频带资料,对震源深度进行了初步讨论。  相似文献   

18.
In this paper, we use time series analysis to evaluate predictive scenarios using search engine transactional logs. Our goal is to develop models for the analysis of searchers’ behaviors over time and investigate if time series analysis is a valid method for predicting relationships between searcher actions. Time series analysis is a method often used to understand the underlying characteristics of temporal data in order to make forecasts. In this study, we used a Web search engine transactional log and time series analysis to investigate users’ actions. We conducted our analysis in two phases. In the initial phase, we employed a basic analysis and found that 10% of searchers clicked on sponsored links. However, from 22:00 to 24:00, searchers almost exclusively clicked on the organic links, with almost no clicks on sponsored links. In the second and more extensive phase, we used a one-step prediction time series analysis method along with a transfer function method. The period rarely affects navigational and transactional queries, while rates for transactional queries vary during different periods. Our results show that the average length of a searcher session is approximately 2.9 interactions and that this average is consistent across time periods. Most importantly, our findings shows that searchers who submit the shortest queries (i.e., in number of terms) click on highest ranked results. We discuss implications, including predictive value, and future research.  相似文献   

19.
《Endeavour》1996,20(4):168-172
Groups of precariously balanced rocks are effectively low-resolution strong-motion seismoscopes that have been operating on solid rock outcrops for long periods of time. Zones of precarious rocks are direct evidence that no strong ground accelerations have occurred in the zone for thousands of years. They thus provide important information about seismic risk and have the potential of providing constraints on strong ground motion attenuation from great earthquakes, as well as constraining the probabilities of large earthquakes on possible hidden faults, and on mapped faults of unknown activity. The results will have important implications for seismic zonation and for siting of sensitive structures such as hospitals and power plants.  相似文献   

20.

Introduction:

ISO 15189 was a new standard published in 2003 for accrediting medical laboratories. We believe that some requirements of the ISO 15189 standard are especially difficult to meet for majority of laboratories. The aim of this article was to present the frequency of nonconformities to requirements of the ISO 15189 accreditation standard, encountered during the assessments of medical laboratories in Hong Kong, during 2004 to 2009.

Materials and methods:

Nonconformities reported in assessments based on ISO 15189 were analyzed in two periods – from 2004 to 2006 and in 2009. They are categorized according to the ISO 15189 clause numbers. The performance of 27 laboratories initially assessed between 2004 and 2006 was compared to their performance in the second reassessment in 2009.

Results:

For management requirements, nonconformities were most frequently reported against quality management system, quality and technical records and document control; whereas for technical requirements, they were reported against examination procedures, equipment, and assuring quality of examination procedures. There was no major difference in types of common nonconformities reported in the two study periods. The total number of nonconformities reported in the second reassessment of 27 laboratories in 2009 was almost halved compared to their initial assessments. The number of significant nonconformities per laboratory significantly decreased (P = 0.023).

Conclusion:

Similar nonconformities were reported in the two study periods though the frequency encountered decreased. The significant decrease in number of significant nonconformities encountered in the same group of laboratories in the two periods substantiated that ISO15189 contributed to quality improvement of accredited laboratories.  相似文献   

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