共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Orthia LA 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2011,20(4):525-542
Much of the public understanding of science literature dealing with fictional scientists claims that scientist villains by their nature embody an antiscience critique. I characterize this claim and its founding assumptions as the "mad scientist" trope. I show how scientist villain characters from the science fiction television series Doctor Who undermine the trope via the programme's use of rhetorical strategies similar to Gilbert and Mulkay's empiricist and contingent repertoires, which define and patrol the boundaries between "science" and "non-science." I discuss three such strategies, including the literal framing of scientist villains as "mad." All three strategies exclude the characters from science, relieve science of responsibility for their villainy, and overtly or covertly contribute to the delivery of pro-science messages consistent with rationalist scientism. I focus on scientist villains from the most popular era of Doctor Who, the mid 1970s, when the show embraced the gothic horror genre. 相似文献
2.
Nicholas R. Maradin III 《Ethics and Information Technology》2013,15(2):77-86
In 2009, the United States Air Force aired a series of science fiction-themed recruitment commercials on network television and their official YouTube channel. In these advertisements, the superimposition of science fiction imagery over depictions of Air Force operations frames these missions as near-future sci-fi adventure, ironically summarized by the tagline: “It’s not science fiction. It’s what we do every day.” Focusing on an early advertisement for the Air Force’s Reaper unmanned aerial vehicle, this essay explores how themes essential to the science fiction genre play a role in influencing contemporary attitudes about autonomous and semi-autonomous robotic weapons, as well as the way in which the aesthetic and functional qualities of these advanced technologies are used to frame moral arguments about their use. As a reconfiguration of the near-future battleground in the guise of science fiction, the “Reaper” ad reveals the way in which science fiction has come to serve as a functional-aesthetic benchmark and cultural sounding board, against which “every day” technologies can be measured and claims about their value, ethos, and social appeal are made. This essay explores the ethical entanglements between science fiction film and video games, and military technology, and the complex role science fiction plays in influencing public attitudes towards military technologies. 相似文献
3.
行星科学是一门新兴交叉学科,形成于20世纪60—70年代的第一次国际深空探测热潮。行星科学是研究太阳系内与系外行星、卫星、彗星等天体和行星系的基本特征,以及它们形成和演化过程的科学。行星科学以深空探测为主要研究手段,由地球科学、空间科学、天文学等学科交叉产生。当今世界美国成为独一无二的行星科学强国,缘于其率先建立了行星科学学科和人才培养体系,以及科学引领深空探测的发展思路。当前国际上处于第二次深空探测热潮的上升期,我国的深空探测事业迅猛发展,取得了举世瞩目的成就,已然成为崛起中的深空探测大国。但是,我国的行星科学学科尚未建立,亦无人才培养体系,无法匹配和支撑国家深空探测战略规划的实施。行星科学学科建设的滞后已成为制约我国成为深空探测强国和行星科学强国的瓶颈。因此,行星科学一级学科建设迫在眉睫。中国科学院大学等高校有条件、有能力、有优势率先建成行星科学一级学科,继而带动相关高校共建中国行星科学人才培养体系,服务和引领未来深空探测计划,推动我国成为行星科学强国。对比美国行星科学发展历程和当今我国国情,我们认为,充分发挥中国科学院大学科教融合办学模式的优势,有望探索出一条有中国特色的行星科学一级学科建设之路。 相似文献
4.
两院院士潘家铮的科幻小说通过引进工程运演,提升了科技想象的细节仿真性;通过向志怪小说寻求借鉴,建构了中国风格;他在坚持面向少儿进行科普的同时,还坚持科幻小说要关照现实,因而在科幻文学领域站稳了脚跟。潘家铮的科幻小说无论在科普方面还是在文学方面,都具有重要价值。 相似文献
5.
习近平总书记在2016年提出了建设世界科技强国"三步走"的战略,为我们设立了宏伟的目标。要想实现这个目标,我们国家在前沿基础研究领域就必须加大投入,实现重大突破。长期以来,作为发展中国家,我国在空间科技领域的投入,大都用于应用卫星,比如气象卫星、通信卫星等,而在空间科学卫星领域少有投入。纵观世界科技发展,重大基础前沿的突破逐渐依赖于国家重大科技工程,其一是建设地面大科学装置,如加速器、大型天文望远镜等;其二就是在空间科学领域里的投入,发射科学卫星。1957年以来美国等航天强国在空间科学领域里多次获得诺贝尔奖就充分说明了这一领域在实现基础前沿领域重大突破的作用。由此可见,发展空间科学是建设世界科技强国的一个非常重要的方面和实现途径。 相似文献
6.
中国科学院空间科学战略性先导科技专项（以下简称“空间科学先导专项”）是中国科学院作为国家战略科技力量主力军，以空间飞行器为平台，瞄准世界科学前沿，从2011年开始布局和实施的前瞻性、战略性重大科技项目。迄今，空间科学先导专项已走过了11年的历程，使我国空间科学的发展第一次有了系统性的支持计划，使我国的空间科学家从旁观者、参与者逐渐走近世界空间科学舞台的中央。文章回顾了空间科学先导专项从实施以来的发展历程，包括专项一期在科学前沿领域和在航天技术领域取得的突破，专项二期正在实施的项目情况，以及正在论证中的空间科学未来规划任务的优选项目。习近平总书记2016年在全国科技创新大会、两院院士大会、中国科协第九次全国代表大会上明确提出，“必须推动空间科学、空间技术、空间应用全面发展”，将发展空间科学放到了我国航天科技发展的首要位置上。展望未来，我们要继续瞄准空间科学领域的重大科技前沿，通过实现“从0到1的突破”，使空间科学在建设中国特色社会主义科技强国的过程中，发挥不可替代的作用。 相似文献
7.
空间科学任务与其他航天任务的根本不同在于其产出。如果说应用类航天任务的产出是应用和服务,如通信、电视广播、导航、气象预报、海洋预报,资源勘察,以及土地规划和利用等,那么空间科学任务的产出则是对太空和宇宙的新发现和对其自然规律的新认识,以及由此形成的新的科学知识。因此,判断一个空间科学任务是否成功的核心要素是其是否有相应的科学产出。文章以科学产出最大化为牵引,从规划论证到产出评估的空间科学任务全生命周期的角度,对每一个任务阶段和节点,提炼出了相应的管理要求和措施,特别是对如何实施科学产出的评估提出了3条具体建议。 相似文献
8.
为落实习近平总书记关于要推动空间科学、空间技术、空间应用全面发展的指示,我国航天事业在近年来出现了可喜的发展。空间科学成为越来越多从事航天事业的大学和科研机构关注的对象。然而,对于空间科学在载人航天、深空探测和科学卫星这三类任务中如何发挥其作用,仍然有不少疑问和困惑。文章从空间科学发展的起源,以及载人航天、深空探测和科学卫星各自的特点,探讨空间科学在其中所起到的作用,并提出政策建议。 相似文献
9.
北京时间2016年4月6日1时38分04秒,酒泉卫星发射中心,"长征"二号丁运载火箭成功发射,在559秒后将中国科学卫星系列第二颗星——"实践十号"返回式科学实验卫星送入高度约250 km的圆轨道,卫星发射取得圆满成功。"实践十号"卫星在太空运行15天,装载着19项科学设施,共28项实验。实验内容涉及微重力流体物理、微重力燃烧、空间材料科学、空间辐射生物效应、重力生物学效应和空间生物技术6大方向。卫星的返回舱装载着全部9项生物学设备以及空间材料科学多功位炉和流体物理中的输运系数测量装置;而留轨舱中装载着其他8项微重力科学设施。 相似文献
10.
空间科学是利用空间飞行器探索宇宙和自然规律,开展特殊实验的大规模科学活动,为当代科学发展作出了重大贡献。文章概述了国际空间科学的重大突破,分析了空间科学、载人探索活动的发展脉络和新趋势,回顾了我国空间科学近20年来的发展成就,总结了存在的问题和差距,强调空间科学的战略地位及其对我国科技、航天和国家长远发展的重要性。加大对空间科学的投入、制定国家空间科学规划和建立稳定预算制度是我国空间科学长期稳定发展的保证。建议充分利用科学气球、探空火箭等各种途径夯实研究基础,加强理论与实验技术相结合,培养大批高素质科学家,深化国际合作,完善科学任务管理模式等,走出中国特色的空间科学创新发展道路。 相似文献
11.
有序来自混沌对科学技术创新的启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
科学技术创新是近可积哈密顿系统,其结果可以预见但也可能存在偏差。科学技术创新是个时间、空间同构过程。进入混沌有三条途径,每一条都是科学技术创新的可能途径。 相似文献
12.
自伽利略1609年将望远镜指向星空迄今,已逾400年。1959年苏联"月球2号"首次抵达月球,开启深空探测时代。1969年美国"阿波罗11号"首次载人登月,催生建立行星科学。纵观人类深空探测60年,先后出现两次探测热潮、两个深空探测大国(美国、苏联)。苏联领先又衰落,仅留给历史一个深空探测大国的背影,而美国成功转型为深空探测强国,至今在世界行星科学最前沿领航。探索浩瀚宇宙,是全人类的共同梦想。作为正在发展中的深空探测大国,我国应该怎样立足国情,走出一条有中国特色的行星科学强国之路?文章参照历史,梳理现状,畅想未来,给出我们的思考:大力培养行星科学人才,尽快实现科学引领深空探测。 相似文献
13.
科技评估方案是科技评估活动中一个关键环节。对如何编制科学、完整、有针对性的评估方案进行了较为深入地研究，编制科技评估方案应明确评估目的的评估对象，准确地进行评估需求分析，科学地设计评估框架，确定信息的采集范围和方法、选择好评估人员等。对独立、客观、公正和科学地开展科技评估提供了可行的操作方法和原则。 相似文献
14.
Smart-cities research has established itself as one of the most dynamic fields in research today, accommodating scholars from diverse disciplines, including engineering and computer science as well as social sciences. Even if only tacitly, the resultant debate increasingly oscillates around how the effective use of information and communication technology (ICT) might render cities and urban space better places. This article responds to this imperative by suggesting how to capture users’ views and perceptions of smart city services and applications and in this way enrich the decision- and policy-making processes. It is argued that by developing appropriate scales these otherwise subjective views and perceptions may be objectivized and hence made of great use to managers and policymakers. Accordingly, in this research, a process of scale development is conducted in four phases of both inductive and deductive methods. Following initial rounds of focus groups and assessment by experts, an international survey was conducted with 295 participants from Europe, Asia, Latin America, the Arab Peninsula, and other regions. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 24 and AMOS 20 tools. The study proposes a 20-item scale in five distinct dimensions: Technology anxiety; Work–life interface; Engagement orientation; Support orientation; and Quality of life. The significant theoretical and managerial implications are discussed to demonstrate how to manage information for the benefit of all stakeholders involved in the making of a smart city. 相似文献
15.
16.
Schneider DW 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2000,91(4):681-705
Stephen Forbes's "The Lake as a Microcosm" is one of the founding documents of the science of ecology in the United States. By tracing the connections between scientists and local fishermen underlying the research on floodplain lakes presented in "The Lake as a Microcosm," this essay shows how the birth of ecology was tied to local knowledge and the local politics of environmental transformation. Forbes and the other scientists of the Illinois Natural History Survey relied on fishermen for manual labor, expertise in catching fish, and knowledge of the natural history of the fishes. As Forbes and his colleagues worked in close contact with fishermen, they also adopted many of their political concerns over the privatization of the floodplain and became politically active in supporting their interests. The close connection between scientists and local knowledge forced the ecologists to reframe the boundaries of ecology as objective or political, pure or applied, local or scientific. 相似文献
17.
[目的/意义]从学者研究兴趣视角出发,探究图书馆领域研究现状,分析该领域社群结构。[方法/过程]从CSSCI数据库中下载"中图分类号=G250"的所有论文,通过Java程序处理数据,利用"机器+人工"进行作者消歧。使用普莱斯定理识别图书馆领域核心作者,利用学者科研成果提取作者的研究兴趣,构建该领域核心作者研究兴趣相似性网络,使用Louvain方法对该领域研究者进行社群划分。计算各社群研究兴趣模型,并计算各个社群间的研究兴趣相似性。[结果/结论]研究发现：1）图书馆学作者发文频次与核心作者研究兴趣相似性服从幂律分布;2）图书馆学领域核心作者按研究兴趣可分为6个社群;3）C1-C2、C2-C3、C3-C4社群间存在强相似性,C6社群与其他社群相似性较低。 相似文献
18.
高端科普智库的内涵治理体系与建设路径 《科学学研究》2023,41(2):317-324
当前,科学技术与公共政策的紧密结合对发挥科普咨政建言作用提出了时代呼唤,建设高端科普智库成为新发展阶段的必然要求。从服务科学决策、团结引领社会公众参与民主决策、强化舆论引导等方面探讨了建设高端科普智库的重要意义,界定了高端科普智库的内涵,从目标、内容、对象、动力等方面剖析了高端科普智库的基本特征。探讨了当前高端科普智库建设面临的问题和困境。从治理体系、产品生产、影响力三个维度构建了高端科普智库建设路径的分析框架,并对国内外13家高端智库和科技智库的建设经验进行了比较分析,基于此总结提出高端科普智库的建设路径,包括建立科学的智库治理体系、优化智库产品生产机制、提升智库决策影响力等。 相似文献
19.
《Research Policy》2021,50(10):104362
Producing actionable science to improve social and environmental well-being enables the scientific enterprise to uphold expectations that accompany public funding for science. While innovations in the management of science funding may help overcome institutional hurdles to generating actionable science, the role of program managers in implementing such changes is relatively underexamined. Using sustainability science and related fields as a case, this study examines program documents (n = 33) and interviews of program management staff (n = 61) from public science funding programs in the United States and Europe. The results illuminate program management perspectives on the changing relationship between science and society and their own role in shaping it. In many instances, program managers in both regions are actively experimenting with practices that may strengthen links between knowledge and action. In certain contexts, program manager discretion may also amount to a form of science policy formation. However, program managers may still be limited in their ability to enact changes due to capacity constraints and still prevalent norms expressed by the research community. These results provide a window, and basis for future research, into the contemporary practice of science funding program management and its implications for sustainability and the social contract for science. 相似文献
20.
Ensmenger N 《Social studies of science》2012,42(1):5-30
Since the mid 1960s, researchers in computer science have famously referred to chess as the 'drosophila' of artificial intelligence (AI). What they seem to mean by this is that chess, like the common fruit fly, is an accessible, familiar, and relatively simple experimental technology that nonetheless can be used productively to produce valid knowledge about other, more complex systems. But for historians of science and technology, the analogy between chess and drosophila assumes a larger significance. As Robert Kohler has ably described, the decision to adopt drosophila as the organism of choice for genetics research had far-reaching implications for the development of 20th century biology. In a similar manner, the decision to focus on chess as the measure of both human and computer intelligence had important and unintended consequences for AL research. This paper explores the emergence of chess as an experimental technology, its significance in the developing research practices of the AI community, and the unique ways in which the decision to focus on chess shaped the program of AI research in the decade of the 1970s. More broadly, it attempts to open up the virtual black box of computer software--and of computer games in particular--to the scrutiny of historical and sociological analysis. 相似文献