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[目的/意义]科学准确识别关键共性技术对企业和国家来说都是至关重要的战略议题。[方法/过程]文章提出了一种基于专利文献分析的关键共性技术识别框架,运用文本挖掘和技术演化分析方法,获取特定领域的关键共性技术。首先,使用Viterbi算法识别专利文献中的专业术语,通过LDA算法捕捉专利文献中的技术主题聚类;其次,通过将技术主题的共类特征数值化,作为共性程度的度量;随后,将技术主题节点在技术演化转移网络中的关键程度作为技术关键性的表征,并使用PageRank算法衡量技术主题的关键性。最后,以机器人及数控机床技术为例,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。[结果/结论]该方法可实现高效、准确的关键共性技术识别,为国家制定创新扶持政策提供支撑。[局限]研究仍需扩大科技文献的收集范围,以实现更全面的关键共性技术识别。 相似文献
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The notion of dominant designs refers to dominance in the market, hence the literature on dominant designs ignores the selection process that already takes place in pre-market R&D stages of technological innovation. In this paper we address the question to what extent pre-market selection takes place within an industry and how this may lead to dominance of one design over others before the market comes into play. Furthermore we study what selection criteria apply in the absence of actual market criteria. We do so through a historical analysis of design paths for hydrogen passenger cars.We argue that prototypes are used by firms in their internal search process towards new designs and at the same time as means of communicating technological expectations to competitors and outsiders. In both senses, prototypes can be taken as indicators of design paths in the ongoing search process of an industry.We analyzed the designs of prototypes of hydrogen passenger cars from the 1970s till 2008. A database is compiled of 224 prototypes of hydrogen passenger cars, listing the car's manufacturer, year of construction, hydrogen conversion technology, fuel cell type, and capacity of its hydrogen storage system. The analysis shows to what extent one design gained dominance and which strategies were adopted by the firms in their search processes.We conclude that indeed a dominant prototyping design has emerged: the fuel cell combined with high pressure gaseous storage. Actual and expected performance acted as selection criterion, but so did regulation and strategic behaviour of the firms. Especially imitation dynamics, with industry leaders and followers, is a major explanatory factor. Our main theoretical claim is that the selection of a dominant prototyping design is based on an interaction of sets of expectations about future performance of technological components and regulatory pressure that results in herding behaviour of the firms. 相似文献
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科技创新的负面影响与新兴技术的治理挑战引发研究与政策对“责任式创新”的关注。本文以文献研究为基础,通过责任式创新主题文献的系统回顾,构建“内涵-理论-方法”的整合框架,对责任式创新的概念内涵、共性理论基础、及实践应用方法展开系统评述。研究结论显示：责任式创新的内涵主要围绕内在属性视角、创新过程与管理视角、创新结果评估视角三个方面展开;责任式创新的共性理论基础包括正义论、技术社会控制视角、行动者网络理论、制度理论、创新扩散理论五个分支;责任式创新的典型应用方法涉及扎根研究、伦理分析法、实时技术评估、“谦逊”技术与参与式治理法、上游公众参与技术治理、中游模块化技术治理、技术社会评估等 相似文献
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The adoption of blockchain technologies require the consideration of a broad range of factors, over and above the predominantly technology focus of most current work. Whilst scholarly literature on blockchain technology is only beginning to emerge, majority are focused on the technicalities of the technology and tend to ignore the organizational complexities of adopting the technology. Drawing from a focused review of literature, this paper proposed a conceptual framework for adoption of blockchain technology capturing the complex relationships between institutional, market and technical factors. The framework highlights that varying outcomes are possible, and the change process is focal as this shapes the form blockchain applications take. Factors presented in the framework (institutional, market and technical) interact and mutually influence each other. The proposed framework can be used by organisations as a reference point for adopting blockchain applications and by scholars to expand, refine and evaluate research into blockchain technology. 相似文献
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企业通过科技跟踪,可以了解相关科技领域的现状及发展趋势,有助于企业技术战略的制定和实施。针对中国企业科技跟踪实施成功率低的现状,本文探索构建企业科技跟踪关键成功因素的分析框架,用于指导中国企业的科技跟踪实践。首先,通过对国外科技跟踪关键成功因素研究的结构性梳理,形成本文的研究假设及企业科技跟踪关键成功因素的分析维度。随后,在电子信息行业选取4家具有科技跟踪实践的典型企业,采用跨案例比较的研究方法,对企业科技跟踪关键成功因素进行识别和分析。最后,在跨案例比较研究的基础上,构建企业科技跟踪关键成功因素的分析模型。 相似文献
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William H.A. Johnson 《Research Policy》2011,40(6):842-852
How can the development and commercialization of university-based technology be managed more effectively? In approaching this question, the paper utilizes organizational control theory (OCT) to analyze the effects of organizational controls on performance at each stage of a generic university-industry technology transfer (UITT) process. The paper contributes to the literature by providing a conceptual framework that is useful for explaining major issues found in the largely empirical literature on UITT. The analysis also elucidates the most effective controls, which vary across stages. As such, the paper also contributes to the literature by taking a longitudinal perspective on OCT in the UITT process. Managers and researchers of UITT may benefit from utilizing an organizational controls perspective when managing and studying the UITT phenomenon. Managerial and research implications are discussed in order to improve UITT management and drive future conceptually-grounded research in the area. 相似文献
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本文以国家大数据及"互联网+"战略的部署实施为背景,在分析省级文献情报服务机构"十三五"发展中可能面临的挑战与机遇的基础上,以安徽省科技文献与创新服务"十三五"战略规划编写为例,对省级文献情报机构"十三五"规划制定的规范流程及重点任务进行阐述,进而提出制定省级文献与创新服务"十三五"战略规划的建议,为文献情报机构十三五期间"加快服务转型、辅助万众创新"提供参考。 相似文献
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《普罗米修斯》2012,30(3):235-256
Abstract This paper seeks to understand how the possibility of a complementary relationship or its lack impacts dynamics of competition between two competing network technologies. It examines the cases of gas–electricity and telegraph–telephone competition. The two case studies suggest that the degree of complementarity greatly shapes the dynamics of competition between an entrenched network technology and a new competitor. When there is little scope for a complementary relationship, as in the case of the gas–electricity battle, the strategists for the new technology have to subvert the old system and build a new one on its ashes since there is little chance of coexistence. On the other hand, the possibility of a complementary relationship, as in the case of the telegraph–telephone battle, allows for the emergence of complex situations marked by coexistence interwoven with competition. These compromise positions, invariably involving re‐negotiation of boundaries, are tempting resting spots for battle weary contestants. As the relationship between the old and the new system evolves, the nature of the complementary relationship changes, especially in the relative power of the two systems, and even if eventually the old system fades away the process is a long and gradual one. 相似文献
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农产品质量安全的相关技术创新扩散是确保产品安全的关键,政府的管理与引导在此类技术扩散过程中发挥着至关重要的作用,本文基于5省12县373名农产品质量安全政府管理人员的调查,利用有序Probit模型,在实证分析农产品质量安全技术扩散过程中政府管制关键阶段的基础上,进一步研究了主要的管理因素对扩散关键阶段的影响,力求破解技术扩散过程中的政府管制活动这一传统理论分析的"黑箱"区域。结果表明,政府管制因素在农产品质量安全技术扩散的多个阶段产生显著影响,其中,在技术扩散初期的突破和跟从阶段影响最为明显; 影响管理者参与态度的多个变量对管制效果影响大;从政府参与技术扩散的具体管理手段来看,生产示范手段作用最为显著;就技术扩散管制的外部环境控制来看,区域特征明显,而舆论宣传并未发挥明显的促进作用;作为政府管制的框架性管理行为,制度的完善性和技术体系的适应性发挥显著作用。 相似文献
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随着我国数字经济不断发展,新型消费持续推进,企业不断采用数字技术提升自身能力以塑造市场,如何利用技术与模式创新完成新市场构建成为企业未来发展关键,但以往有关市场研究对数字化情境下市场塑造能力的构成、影响市场形成过程的机制等缺乏深入探讨。本文通过对纯米科技的单案例研究,运用扎根理论方法归纳出了数字技术、市场塑造能力和新市场构建的构念维度和主要特征,建立起数字技术驱动市场塑造能力进而构建新消费市场的理论框架。研究发现,案例企业运用数字技术,以“发现—触发—调动”的流程来展开五种市场塑造能力:发现价值潜力、设计新交易、配置新网络、形成新制度和调动资源,并以提高市场价值创造的方式将各利益相关方的资源联系起来,从而推动了新消费市场的构建。研究结论为企业树立新型市场观、打造和提升市场塑造能力提供了实践启示。 相似文献
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关键核心技术:概念特征与突破因素 《科学学研究》2022,40(1):4-11
突破关键核心技术是"十四五"规划中科技自立自强的重要部署,是2035年远景目标的重要规划,关系着我国能否如期进入创新型国家前列、建成世界科技强国。在该领域进行初步的理论探索,首先对关键核心技术进行概念界定与内涵阐释,进而描述关键核心技术的主要特征,最后以产学研为攻关主体,从"突破路径"和"助力渠道"两个维度探析出关键核心技术的7个主要突破因素:技术打压认知与需求导向、国际科技合作与开放创新、产学研深度融合、长期充足研发资金投入、领军人才及其团队、技术链与产业链以及政府政策与体制机制等。结论可为后续研究与实践提供参考与借鉴。 相似文献
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在发达国家特别是在美国,国家实验室以及类似的公共创新平台经历了长期的发展,在整个科技创新体系和创新生态中一直扮演着十分重要的角色。本文以技术转移效率理论作为分析框架,分析了当前国家实验室技术转移研究的进展,对国家实验室技术转移的各个模式进行了分类及评价。另外,在现有文献综述的基础上,本文还梳理总结了可能影响国家实验室技术转移的因素,并归纳梳理了国家实验室技术转移的影响因素与不同转移模式之间存在的关联,从而为指导下一步研究奠定了基础。最后,本文总结我国需要推进国家实验室技术转移的实证研究,并且指出价值网络扩散会是国家实验室技术转移模式的未来发展方向,需要进一步关注。 相似文献
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Debora Bettiga Lucio Lamberti 《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2017,28(2):179-187
The impact of cognitive and emotional factors on the customer's decision to adopt a new technology has long been at the core of innovation and marketing literature. Today, the proliferation of personal technologies makes the understanding of the adoption process of such innovations a vital issue. This article, moving from long-established technology adoption theories, integrates affective factors to propose a comprehensive framework to interpret and orient innovation and marketing approaches of companies. To do this, we review a rich literature from the domains of management, information systems, marketing and cognitive psychology, identifying six possible sources of perceived value for personal technologies, hence attitude to adopt them: functional value, monetary value, social value, entertainment value, epistemic value and aesthetic value. After defining and framing them in the extant literature, we discuss how the framework may be adopted in practice to support Companies' strategies in the surprisingly under-explored industry of personal technologies. 相似文献
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从技术差距、吸收能力看FDI与中国的技术追赶 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
外国直接投资(FDI)是国际技术扩散和转移的一个重要途径。大量关于FDI的研究表明,影响FDI溢出效应的两个核心因素是当地企业与FDI企业的技术差距,以及当地企业的吸收能力。本文在文献研究的基础上,构建了关于技术差距、吸收能力与FDI方式技术追赶的分析框架模型;通过收集近几年的相关数据,在此框架模型下,比较分析了我国经济最活跃的地带之一长三角的上海、江苏和浙江三个地区当地企业与外资企业的技术差距、当地企业的吸收能力和技术追赶情况,进而提出相应的技术追赶战略。 相似文献
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S. Sinan Erzurumlu Yaman O. Erzurumlu 《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2013,24(2):100-108
Despite the existing challenges in the capital market, technological and market uncertainties, the current business environment may be fertile for innovative firms that could find affordable and scalable clean technology innovations. Navigating innovation management process for any clean technology project is a practical issue that requires attention of financial and non-financial factors affecting technology development and deployment. Such endeavor has precipitated many of the complex questions involved with clean technology industry. This article surveys literatures on resource-based view of the firm, operations management, innovation and technology management, and clean technology. The article identifies key drivers – operations, market and regulatory – of clean technology projects, and further demonstrates their interrelatedness within a comprehensive integrated conceptual framework of development and deployment. This integrated framework contributes to our understanding of innovation management process for clean technology firms, including supply and demand sides. 相似文献
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As organizations struggle with how to develop and use their inherent expertise, the importance of knowledge management and collaboration has grown in both academic and practitioner communities. This paper outlines a new concept of collaborative knowledge management (CKM), which bridges the two fields. Drawing from literature, we present a conceptual framework for understanding the concepts underlying CKM. Next, this paper explores how a new technology, peer-to-peer (P2P), fits in the CKM paradigm. A discussion on P2P tools and a comparison of these tools with client server tools for enabling the CKM process is presented. P2P has great appeal for CKM because it allows people to work in a more natural fashion. As technology and practitioners needs evolve, it is important to recognize the existence of various CKM levels in the organization. This paper outlines a framework recognizing five different levels. The final section of the paper identifies research themes concerning the use of P2P applications for CKM both within each of the levels and across levels. 相似文献
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随着信息技术组织扩散的深入推进,信息技术组织扩散研究重点已从封闭式信息技术组织采纳行为转向交互式信息技术的跨组织系统扩散行为,以及后采纳期的组织成员采纳与使用行为,大量研究在IDT或TOE框架的基础上融合其他理论,对信息技术组织扩散进程的影响因素进行了更为全面的考察。对近40年来信息技术组织扩散研究相关文献进行考察分析,旨在介绍信息技术组织扩散研究进展,建构其理论整合框架,展望其未来发展。 相似文献
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Lidwien van de WijngaertAuthor Vitae Willem PietersonAuthor Vitae Marije L. TeerlingAuthor Vitae 《International Journal of Information Management》2011,31(5):415-419
Information technology allows national and local governments to satisfy the needs of citizens in a cost effective way. Unfortunately, citizens still tend to prefer traditional, more costly channels, such as the front desk, phone and mail. Through pilot projects government agencies attempt to influence this behavior of citizens, directing them towards the online channel. With this paper we provide insight into the possibility to influence citizens’ behavior in the complex landscape of multi-channel service provision. The paper systematically compares five pilot projects using a framework that is based on organizational and marketing literature. The results show that socio-psychological factors are crucial in multi-channel management, much more than the technology itself. We conclude that citizens can be directed towards the online channel. However, not all projects are successful. Economic and legal instruments tend to sort more direct effects than communication or service instruments. Moreover, organizational factors such as bureaucracy often hinder eventual success. Choosing a smart and relatively small scope and strong project manager may help to evoke success in directing citizen online behavior. 相似文献
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企业技术创新是提升企业核心竞争力的关键环节,在技术创新过程中存在大量的信息需求。本文以企业技术创新流程为核心和立足点,探讨高校图书馆为企业技术创新提供信息服务的关键问题。文章主要利用文献调研法、案例研究法和比较研究法,首先对企业技术创新过程和信息需求进行归纳总结,接着立足于企业技术创新过程的信息需求的满足,从资源和能力两方面分析高校图书馆存在的优势和不足。最后对高校图书馆开展企业技术创新信息服务建设提出了一系列建议和措施,包括转变观念、优化资源配置、完善服务流程、与其他图书情报机构的合作等。 相似文献