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1.
In 2019, the International Journal of Information Management (IJIM) celebrated its 40th year of publication. This study commemorates this event by presenting a retrospect of the journal. Using a range of bibliometric tools, we find that the journal has grown impressively in terms of publication and citation. The contributions come from all over the world, but the majority are from Europe and the United States. The journal has mostly published empirical articles, with its authors dominantly using quantitative methodology. Further, the culture of collaboration has increased among authors over the years. The journal publishes on a number of including managing information systems, information technologies and their application in business, technology acceptance among consumers, using information systems for decision making, social perspectives on knowledge management, and information research from the social science perspective. Regression analysis reveals that article attributes such as article order, methodology, presence of authors from Europe, number of references, number of keywords, and abstract length have a significant association with the citations. Finally, we find that conceptual and review articles have a positive association with citations. 相似文献
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《Information processing & management》1999,35(1):31-44
In earlier papers the authors focused on differences in the ageing of journal literature in science and the social sciences. It was shown that for several fields and topics bibliometric standard indicators based on journal articles need to be modified in order to provide valid results. In fields where monographs, books or reports are important means of scientific information, standard models of scientific communication are not reflected by journal literature alone. To identify fields where the role of non-serial literature is considerable or critical in terms of bibliometric standard methods, the totality of the bibliographic citations indexed in the 1993 annual cumulation of the SCI and SSCI databases, have been processed. The analysis is based on three indicators, the percentage of references to serials, the mean references age, and the mean reference rate. Applications of these measures at different levels of aggregation (i.e., to journals in selected science and social science fields) lead to the following conclusions. 1. The percentage of references to serials proved to be a sensitive measure to characterise typical differences in the communication behaviour between the sciences and the social sciences. 2. However, there is an overlap zone which includes fields like mathematics, technology oriented science, and some social science areas. 3. In certain social sciences part of the information seems even to be originated in non-scientific sources: references to non-serials do not always represent monographs, pre-prints or reports. Consequently, the model of information transfer from scientific literature to scientific (journal) literature assumed by standard bibliometrics requires substantial revision before valid results can be expected through its application to social science areas. 相似文献
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A new model for aggregating multiple criteria evaluations for relevance assessment is proposed. An Information Retrieval context is considered, where relevance is modeled as a multidimensional property of documents. The usefulness and effectiveness of such a model are demonstrated by means of a case study on personalized Information Retrieval with multi-criteria relevance. The following criteria are considered to estimate document relevance: aboutness, coverage, appropriateness, and reliability. 相似文献
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Purpose
The study reported in this paper reviewed the literatures of information science, psychology, sociology, political science, education, and communication science to analyze Compelled Nonuse of Information (CNI). This study of a behavior defined by its absence (i.e., the not using of information) involved the development of a methodology consisting of an iterative performance of a nine-step heuristic leading to a retroductive recognition of absence, here termed RRA.Principal results
The study concluded with a hierarchical taxonomy of the mechanisms that compel a person not to use information. The six primary mechanisms are:- 1.
- Intrinsic somatic (bodily) conditions
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- Socio-environmental barriers
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- Authoritarian controls
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- Threshold knowledge shortfall
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- Attention shortfall
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- Information filtering.
Major conclusions
The resultant taxonomy of CNI appears here as a comprehensive checklist with which information workers such as the teacher, librarian, advertiser, politician, or health care professional can respond efficiently and effectively to situations of nonuse of information. For example, a teacher might ask: “Why are students not responding to what I present?” Further, the social implications of any compelled behavior touch the very basis of the social contract, and this paper presents a first step toward understanding the compelled aspects of CNI. 相似文献6.
The estimation of query model is an important task in language modeling (LM) approaches to information retrieval (IR). The ideal estimation is expected to be not only effective in terms of high mean retrieval performance over all queries, but also stable in terms of low variance of retrieval performance across different queries. In practice, however, improving effectiveness can sacrifice stability, and vice versa. In this paper, we propose to study this tradeoff from a new perspective, i.e., the bias–variance tradeoff, which is a fundamental theory in statistics. We formulate the notion of bias–variance regarding retrieval performance and estimation quality of query models. We then investigate several estimated query models, by analyzing when and why the bias–variance tradeoff will occur, and how the bias and variance can be reduced simultaneously. A series of experiments on four TREC collections have been conducted to systematically evaluate our bias–variance analysis. Our approach and results will potentially form an analysis framework and a novel evaluation strategy for query language modeling. 相似文献
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先进的信息技术可以提高知识管理的成效，但如何营造知识分享的组织文化、建立适宜的激励制度，进而使组织成员乐于创造知识和贡献知识，则是企业知识管理的关键所在。以组织导向和信息技术类型为维度构建知识管理模式，分析不同组合对知识管理过程中知识的创造、固化与扩散的影响，旨在为企业成功实施知识管理提供参考。 相似文献
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In this paper, a new novelty detection approach based on the identification of sentence level information patterns is proposed. First, “novelty” is redefined based on the proposed information patterns, and several different types of information patterns are given corresponding to different types of users’ information needs. Second, a thorough analysis of sentence level information patterns is elaborated using data from the TREC novelty tracks, including sentence lengths, named entities (NEs), and sentence level opinion patterns. Finally, a unified information-pattern-based approach to novelty detection (ip-BAND) is presented for both specific NE topics and more general topics. Experiments on novelty detection on data from the TREC 2002, 2003 and 2004 novelty tracks show that the proposed approach significantly improves the performance of novelty detection in terms of precision at top ranks. Future research directions are suggested. 相似文献
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生态信息科学的理论框架初探 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
生态信息科学作为生态学与信息科学交叉的新兴学科 ,是人们认识和管理生态系统的基础和有效手段 ,已经得到了学术界的普遍关注。该文在讨论生态信息科学产生的科学背景的基础上、初步探讨了生态信息科学的理论框架和生态信息技术及其应用等问题 ,还分析指出了发展生态信息科学所面临的主要问题。在生态信息科学的主要研究内容中 ,我们从生态信息科学的机理、技术和应用等 3方面进行了初步阐述 ,进一步讨论了生态信息获取、管理、分析和传播等生态信息技术问题。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Information Management》2016,36(1):9-15
Good information and records management is assumed to promote organizational efficiency. Despite established management regimes and available technology, many organizations still consider information and records management challenging. The reason may be cultural factors. This study based on a literature review, aims to explore the academic discourse on information culture and to discuss its relevance for records management. The findings show that the concept information culture is used in various ways: as an explanatory framework; as an analytical and evaluative tool; or as normative standard. The research on information culture addresses several areas: business performance, systems implementation, the manifestation of information culture in different organizations, and a few concerns records management practices. The research settings and the objects of study varied, why general conclusions are difficult to draw, but often a positive correlation between culture and performance is assumed. The focus has been on how information is used, shared and disseminated, while the production and management, that is the vital object of records management, has with few exceptions been neglected. If information culture should fully function as an analytical framework concerning records management, a widened and more inclusive conceptualization is required, which also will enrich information culture as a theoretical concept. 相似文献
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[目的/意义]目前安全信息学与认知科学的交叉融合正在趋于发展的态势,然而安全信息认知的学科理论尚未建立。因此,本文立足学科建设的角度,开展安全信息认知学的学科建设理论研究。[过程/方法]首先,基于学科交叉特点,在安全科学、信息科学、认知科学的基础上,给出了安全信息认知学的定义与内涵、学科性质,然后,论述安全信息认知学的理论基础以及其研究内容、研究方法、构建依据、学科分支及分类、应用前景等学科基本问题,为安全信息认知学的构建提供建设性框架。[结果/结论]研究结果表明,安全信息认知学在构建上有着坚实的理论基础,在事故预防与智慧安全等方面有着广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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Effective knowledge management in a knowledge-intensive environment can place heavy demands on the information filtering (IF) strategies used to model workers’ long-term task-needs. Because of the growing complexity of knowledge-intensive work tasks, a profiling technique is needed to deliver task-relevant documents to workers. In this study, we propose an IF technique with task-stage identification that provides effective codification-based support throughout the execution of a task. Task-needs pattern similarity analysis based on a correlation value is used to identify a worker’s task-stage (the pre-focus, focus formulation, or post-focus task-stage). The identified task-stage is then incorporated into a profile adaptation process to generate the worker’s current task profile. The results of a pilot study conducted in a research institute confirm that there is a low or negative correlation between search sessions and transactions in the pre-focus task-stage, whereas there is at least a moderate correlation between search sessions/transactions in the post-focus stage. Compared with the traditional IF technique, the proposed IF technique with task-stage identification achieves, on average, a 19.49% improvement in task-relevant document support. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method for knowledge-intensive work tasks. 相似文献
15.
The objective of the paper is to demonstrate how a sensemaking model of knowledge enables better and deeper understanding of knowledge management (KM) processes in organisations and the role of information technologies (IT) in these processes. Inspired and informed by a sensemaking view of organisations, the model identifies four types of knowledge, corresponding to four sensemaking levels: the individual, collective, organizational, and cultural. Each knowledge type, as the paper shows, is of different nature and has different characteristics but is constituted and affected by all other knowledge types. An organisation is thus seen as a ‘distributed knowledge system’ composed of numerous instances of these four knowledge types and their dynamic interplay. By drawing from three empirical studies, the paper illustrates how the sensemaking model of knowledge can be applied to investigate different ways companies (try to) manage knowledge and use IT-based systems to improve KM and ultimately company performance. A deeper understanding of these processes through the lens of the model reveals mechanisms and forces underlying KM phenomena that help explain why some processes were successful and others failed. The paper intends to make the following contributions: propose a theoretical framework of knowledge and KM in organizations, which is reasonably comprehensive and empirically grounded and also demonstrate its relevance and usefulness to both researchers and practitioners as they investigate and make sense of specific KM processes and IT applications in practice. 相似文献
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Haotian Wu Guo Dong Bai Shuo Liu Lianlin Li Xiang Wan Qiang Cheng Tie Jun Cui 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(3):561
We propose a theory to characterize the information and information processing abilities of metasurfaces, and demonstrate the relation between the information of the metasurface and its radiation pattern in the far-field region. By incorporating a general aperture model with uncertainty relation in L2-space, we propose a theory to predict the upper bound of information contained in the radiation pattern of a metasurface, and reveal the theoretical upper limit of orthogonal radiation states. The proposed theory also provides guidance for inverse design of the metasurface with respect to given functionalities. Through investigation of the information of disordered-phase modulated metasurfaces, we find the information invariance (1−γ, where γ is Euler''s constant) of chaotic radiation patterns. That is to say, the information of the disordered-phase modulated radiation patterns is always equal to 1−γ, regardless of variations in size, the number of elements and the phase pattern of metasurface. This value might be the lower bound of radiation-pattern information of the metasurface, which can provide a theoretical limit for information modulation applications, including computational imaging, stealth technologies and wireless communications. 相似文献
17.
面向多层用户的农业信息资源分类初步研究 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
在分析现有农业信息资源分类的基础上，提出了面向不同用户需求和网络农业信息资源管理的农业信息资源分类方案：在农业行业分类的基础上，依据农业信息内容的属性特征，分为农业空间信息、农业科技信息信息、农村社会经济信息、农业相关机构信息、农业自然资源信息、农业生产资料信息和农产品市场信息等7类; 各类信息依据用户对信息需求的差异，分别分为基本信息和全集信息，并初步建立了农业信息资源分类的编码体系。它有益于促进我国农业的信息化和现代化，对农业科学研究也具有重要意义。 相似文献
18.
Core and infrastructure business activities are vital to the organization, and are growing more and more dependent on information systems. Theory suggests that more core and infrastructure business activities would inspire more strategic information systems planning which in turn would result in greater planning effectiveness. One hundred thirty chief information officers in manufacturing companies completed a questionnaire about the extent that their organization performed core and infrastructure business activities, and carried out technical, personnel, and procedures planning. The findings showed that infrastructure activities lead to all three types of planning whereas core activities lead only to procedures planning. Moreover, they showed that technical planning leads to planning effectiveness whereas personnel and procedures planning do not. The findings suggest that future researchers might try to uncover the reasons that core activities do not lead to more information systems planning. For practitioners, the findings suggest that managers reconsider how their organizations respond to core and infrastructure needs, and whether they should adjust their information systems planning. 相似文献
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《Information processing & management》2022,59(5):103026
Pseudo-relevance feedback (PRF) is a classical technique to improve search engine retrieval effectiveness, by closing the vocabulary gap between users’ query formulations and the relevant documents. While PRF is typically applied on the same target corpus as the final retrieval, in the past, external expansion techniques have sometimes been applied to obtain a high-quality pseudo-relevant feedback set using the external corpus. However, such external expansion approaches have only been studied for sparse (BoW) retrieval methods, and its effectiveness for recent dense retrieval methods remains under-investigated. Indeed, dense retrieval approaches such as ANCE and ColBERT, which conduct similarity search based on encoded contextualised query and document embeddings, are of increasing importance. Moreover, pseudo-relevance feedback mechanisms have been proposed to further enhance dense retrieval effectiveness. In particular, in this work, we examine the application of dense external expansion to improve zero-shot retrieval effectiveness, i.e. evaluation on corpora without further training. Zero-shot retrieval experiments with six datasets, including two TREC datasets and four BEIR datasets, when applying the MSMARCO passage collection as external corpus, indicate that obtaining external feedback documents using ColBERT can significantly improve NDCG@10 for the sparse retrieval (by upto 28%) and the dense retrieval (by upto 12%). In addition, using ANCE on the external corpus brings upto 30% NDCG@10 improvements for the sparse retrieval and upto 29% for the dense retrieval. 相似文献