共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 515 毫秒
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摘要：龙头企业的知识扩散对区域创新的带动效果及其作用路径是产业集群研究的重要议题,同时也是实践界关注的重要领域。已有研究认为,龙头企业知识扩散的创新带动效果受到扩散路径与中小企业吸收能力的影响,其中扩散路径通常被划分为基于非正式交流和基于协作关系两种。根据浙江省3个产业集群内的156家中小企业的调查数据,本文的实证研究发现,龙头企业知识扩散对本地中小企业的创新带动作用存在一个重要的条件,即知识扩散路径与中小企业吸收能力应当形成匹配。企业吸收能力弱时,龙头企业知识通过非正式交流进行扩散能够实现有效的创新带动。企业吸收能力强时,龙头企业知识通过协作关系进行扩散能够实现有效的创新带动。 相似文献
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非正式交流与企业集群创新能力 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
何圣东 《科学学与科学技术管理》2002,23(6):44-46
现代创新是以非线性模式进行的，由于创新主体数量增加以及创新各环节在时空上分离，单纯依靠传统正式交流方式，已无法满足非线性创新对知识流动的更高要求。在企业集群内部，非正式交流对知识的流动和扩散起着日益重要作用，有力地推动了集群的整体创新能力。分析非正式交流的特性，功能及其对集群公共政策的启示，对培育集群创新及竞争力具有重要意义。 相似文献
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综合沿海各产业集群的状况,通过对这些产业集群非正式制度的问卷进行收集和数据处理,定量研究非正式制度对产业集群的影响。检验的结果表明,在可交易的制度框架下,沿海各产业集群的非正式制度使集群形成了外部效应并具有扩散功能。改变变量的回归模型分析结果表明,以信仰和习俗为主要特征的制度因素会很好地促进产业集群的绩效,而以价值观为主要特征的社会关系认同度却抑制集群的绩效,同时非正式制度的治理机制在沿海各产业集群中并不具有核心地位。 相似文献
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于海云 《科学学与科学技术管理》2012,33(11)
FDI嵌入型产业集群中,内外资企业拥有共同的劳动力市场,员工流动越来越频繁,通过员工流动途径获取FDI知识已经成为内资企业实现技术创新的重要途径。系统研究了FDI嵌入型产业集群中内外资企业间员工流动和组织文化差异对知识转移绩效的影响,实证研究结果发现：对外企员工流入的内资企业来说,FDI嵌入集群情境、员工流动对知识转移产生积极的促进作用,并且共同对知识转移产生正向的交互影响;员工流入的规模越大,知识转移绩效越好;内外资企业间的组织文化差异对知识转移有显著的负向影响,而且组织文化差异削弱了员工流动对知识转移的正效应。 相似文献
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通过对浙江省台州市产业集群的技术学习现状进行调查和分析,发现台州市产业集群一方面存在着大量的技术学习活动;另一方面也发现了其同发达国家产业集群技术学习模式的不同之处,即整个集群技术学习的最大特征是龙头企业从集群外获取技术知识,并以非正式的技术学习方式在集群内扩散,从而使集群的技术学习呈现一种"外向型"学习模式.最后为台州市产业集群的发展提出了三点政策建议. 相似文献
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在简要介绍产业集群的基础上,对知识扩散的相关研究成果进行述评.阐述显性知识基于Web2.0和基于引证网络两种常见的扩散模式,归纳非正式的隐性知识、分散在社会文化中的隐性知识、语义的隐性知识以及睿智的隐性知识的扩散特点.分析知识外化和内化过程.指出产业集群中企业高度密集的特点以及提升整体技术水平的需要,使得企业通过直接交流和技术扶持等方式促进知识扩散.根据扩散边界,将知识扩散划分为个人层次、企业层次以及国家层次.最后展望下一步的研究工作. 相似文献
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随着产业集群的发展,集群内各主体之间的联系越来越频繁和复杂,由此形成了各种关系,如同一产业链上基于专业化分工的相互协作关系,相关产业的技术合作,及其他的非正式交流合作基础上形成的社会关系等。各主体基于不同的联系,形成了不同的有利于创新的网络模式,即正式创新网络如产业创新网络、非产业创新网络及非正式创新网络。本文从经济利益的角度对创新型网络的形成进行了剖析,以期对创新网络环境的培育起到一定的指导性作用。 相似文献
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产业集群中的企业是一种共生发展的利益共同体,集群企业之间的合作以及合作带来的效率是产业集群持续竞争优势的源泉.制度为集群企业的合作提供了一个基本的框架,影响集群企业合作的正式制度因素包括地方政府行为和行业协会,两者都属于第三方实施机制.非正式制度是产业集群发展的隐性协调机制.非正式制度主要通过声誉机制、专用性投资和集体惩罚机制有效地防止了机会主义,促进集群企业合作. 相似文献
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The role of informal networks in the development of regional clusters has recently received a lot of attention in the literature. Informal contact between employees in different firms is claimed to be one of the main carriers of knowledge between firms in a cluster. This paper examines empirically the role of informal contacts in a specific cluster. In a questionnaire survey, we asked a sample of engineers in a regional cluster of wireless communication firms in Northern Denmark a series of questions on informal networks. We analyze whether the engineers actually acquire valuable knowledge through these networks. We find that the engineers do share even quite valuable knowledge with informal contacts. This shows that informal contacts represent an important channel of knowledge diffusion. 相似文献
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非正式地位是员工竞相争取的宝贵资源,它能有效地改善个体的自我认知、情感和行为表现。本研究以知识型员工为研究对象,基于社会认同理论,将创新期望与差错氛围引入非正式地位与创新行为关系的分析框架中,构建差错氛围调节创新期望在非正式地位和创新行为之间起中介作用的模型,对问卷调查法收集到461份有效问卷进行实证分析。研究结果表明：（1）非正式地位对创新行为有显著的正向影响,创新期望在其中起到部分中介作用;（2）差错氛围正向调节创新期望与创新行为的关系,还进一步正向调节知识型员工非正式地位通过创新期望影响创新行为的中介机制。 相似文献
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Most of the literature on university–industry (U–I) linkages assumes that these linkages are beneficial per se. We question this assumption, suggesting that not all such linkages are equally helpful. In this paper, we explore the factors driving the formation of ‘valuable U–I linkages’, conceived as those linkages between universities and firms that have a higher potential to diffuse knowledge to other firms in their regional economy. Our empirical strategy combines case-study methodology with econometric techniques using data from two wine clusters in Chile and in Italy. The firm's knowledge base is found to be a key driver of ‘valuable’ U–I linkages. We conclude that selectivity should be encouraged among policy makers endeavouring to promote U–I linkages. 相似文献
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Learning behaviors of employees can be either formalized (in the form of programmed events and visits) or informal (in the form of spontaneous interaction and knowledge sharing). We investigate the effect that both types of learning behaviors have on interorganizational learning of substantive knowledge in the context of an alliance. We also look at the effects that the two forms of learning behavior have on each other. We find that while informal learning behaviors have a consistently positive effect on the learning outcome and on formal learning behaviors, this is not so for formal learning behaviors. The effect of formal behaviors on both learning outcome and informal behaviors, while positive, diminishes at higher levels. This leads us to conclude that although both informal and formal learning behaviors foster interorganizational learning, too much formalization obstructs learning. Similarly, while formally programmed behaviors do encourage informal learning behaviors of the boundary spanners, an excess of formalization stifles them. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(6):104529
When firms are heterogeneous, externalities within clusters can affect firms asymmetrically. These asymmetries at the firm level lead to a productivity effect at the cluster level that has been overlooked thus far. We develop a heterogeneous firm model where firms with different productivity levels decide how much to invest in market survival. With this model, we find a differentiation between high-productivity firms investing in market survival and low-productivity firms not investing in market survival. Cluster externalities alter the optimal market survival investment of firms, which in turn affects both cluster composition and cluster-level outcomes. By focusing on cluster productivity and assuming that cluster externalities take the form of knowledge spillovers, we find that the effect on the cluster depends on the particular type of knowledge spillovers. Using modelling outcomes and an extensive numerical simulation, we show that knowledge spillovers that reduce the cost of investment benefit investing, high-productivity firms and increase cluster productivity. By contrast, knowledge spillovers that imply that non-investing, low-productivity firms can free ride on the efforts of investing firms tend to reduce cluster productivity. We discuss ramifications for research on clusters and cluster policy, highlighting the importance of industry and knowledge spillover characteristics. 相似文献
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Geographic clusters confer advantages to collocated firms, in particular access to local know-how. This article argues that the access to local know-how is contingent on the extent to which inventive activity is concentrated in the cluster. We draw on sociological theories of generalized exchange to argue that contrasting logics of exchange emerge in geographic clusters that have opposing effects on the extent to which firms benefit from collaborating with local organizations and source local knowledge. A longitudinal data set of 1903 firms engaged in nanotechnology research is used to examine the relationship between firm co-authorships on scientific articles with firms and public research organizations (PROs) and firm inventive performance. Results indicate that when cluster-level firm inventive concentration is high, collaborations with local firms are associated with lower inventive performance. We also find that firms source less local knowledge for their own inventions when firm inventive concentration is high. In contrast, concentrated inventive activity among PROs increases the positive relationship between collaborations with local PROs and firm inventive performance. Results also show firms source more knowledge from local PROs when local PRO inventive concentration is high. The findings suggest that inventive concentration both helps and hinders spill-over of cutting-edge knowledge. 相似文献
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非正式制度是近年来企业集群研究中的一个重要视角,现有的文献形成了两条研究路径:其一,主要探讨非正式制度因素在企业集群发展过程中促进合作、降低交易费用的积极影响;其二,着重分析了非正式制度发挥作用的约束条件,讨论其局限性和在企业集群发展过程中的功能变化.本文对以上两个研究路径的文献进行了系统的比较和梳理,并在此基础上指出了未来相关研究的方向. 相似文献
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Network dynamics in regional clusters: Evidence from Chile 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A wealth of empirical literature shows that one of elements of success for regional clusters is that they facilitate the formation of local inter-organizational networks, which act as conduits of knowledge and innovation. While several studies analyse the benefits and characteristics of regional cluster networks, very little is known about how such networks evolve over time and the extent to which their dynamics can affect development processes. Using longitudinal data on a wine cluster in Chile and Stochastic Actor-Oriented Models (SAOM) to measure network dynamics, this paper examines the microdynamics underpinning the formation of new knowledge ties among wineries. It finds that the coexistence of cohesion effects (reciprocity and transitivity) with the weak knowledge bases of some firms in the cluster contribute to a stable informal hierarchical network structure over time. The empirical results have implications for theories on network dynamics in regional clusters and cluster policies. 相似文献