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1.
The paper analyses the activity of research for “innovation knowledge”—here defined as knowledge that can lead to the introduction of service innovations—by Knowledge-Intensive Business Services (KIBS) companies. It proposes a classification of the possible search approaches adopted by those companies based on two dimensions: the pro-activity of search efforts and the source primarily used. Such classification is then discussed on the basis of the findings of a multiple case-study investigation involving 15 Italian and Polish KIBS companies. The study confirms that KIBS firms follow various approaches to acquire knowledge for innovation: some companies adopt a passive behaviour (i.e. innovative ideas come as a kind of side effect of their daily business activities), while others an active one (namely, they actively search for new ideas originating from various sources); some rely more on internal resources (employees, in-house R&D, internal documents, etc.), while others on external sources (clients, suppliers, service providers, universities, etc.). The results of the study have implications both for research and management that are discussed in the conclusions. 相似文献
2.
《Research Policy》2019,48(9):103811
When do conversations lead people to generate better ideas? We conducted a field experiment at a startup bootcamp to evaluate the impact of informal conversations on the quality of product ideas generated by participants. Specifically, we examine how the personality of an innovator (openness to experience, capturing creativity) and the personalities of her randomly assigned conversational peers (extroversion, measuring willingness to share information) affects the innovator's ideas. We find that open innovators who spoke with extroverted peers generated significantly better ideas than others at the bootcamp. However, closed individuals produced mediocre ideas regardless with who they spoke, suggesting limited benefits of conversations for these people. More surprisingly, open individuals, who are believed to be inherently creative, produced worse ideas after they spoke with introverted peers, suggesting individual creativity's dependence on external information. Our study demonstrates the importance of considering the traits of both innovators and their conversational peers in predicting when conversations will lead to better ideas. 相似文献
3.
创业企业自主研发外部搜寻模式选择研究 《科学学研究》2022,40(10):1844-1852
自主研发与外部搜寻是科技型创业企业实现知识创新的重要途径。科技型创业企业在资源约束前提下,存在着自主研发模式与外部搜寻模式间的选择难题。为解释拥有不同知识结构的创业企业在发现技术机会的条件下自主研发与外部搜寻的战略选择问题,本文基于资源-机会一体化视角,利用阶层式回归和分组回归等分析方法对科技型创业企业知识基础、技术机会对其自主研发与外部搜寻的影响过程进行了实证分析。分析结果显示：高知识基础广度对于自主研发与外部搜寻均具有显著的正向影响,但是影响系数存在明显差距,知识基础广度对于自主研发促进作用明显高于其对外部搜寻的促进作用。高知识基础深度对于外部搜寻战略具有显著的正向影响,但对于自主研发战略的影响不显著。技术机会对于自主研发战略和外部搜寻战略均具有显著的正向影响。知识基础广度与技术机会的匹配对于自主研发战略的选择具有显著的正向影响的,对于外部搜寻战略的影响不显著;知识基础宽度与技术机会的匹配对于外部搜寻策略具有显著的正向影响,对于自主研发战略的影响不显著。在技术机会识别的条件下,高知识基础广度的企业倾向于自主研发战略,而高技术深度的企业倾向于外部搜寻战略。 相似文献
4.
Asle FagerstrømAuthor Vitae Gheorghita GhineaAuthor Vitae 《International Journal of Information Management》2011,31(2):103-110
Do online recommendations have the same motivating impact as price at the point of online purchase? The results (n = 268) of an conjoint study show that: (1) when the price is low or high relatively to market price, it has the strongest impact (positive and negative) on the likelihood of an online purchase of an mp3 player, (2) when the price is average to market price, online recommendation and price are equal in their impact at the point of online purchase, and, (3) the relative impact from price increases when online shopping frequencies increases. The implications these results give are that online retailers should be aware that online recommendations are not as influential as a good offer when consumers purchase electronics online. However, other customer recommendations have a stronger impact on novice online shoppers than towards those consumers that shop more frequently online. 相似文献
5.
In this study, we propose and validate social networks based theoretical model for exploring scholars’ collaboration (co-authorship) network properties associated with their citation-based research performance (i.e., g-index). Using structural holes theory, we focus on how a scholar’s egocentric network properties of density, efficiency and constraint within the network associate with their scholarly performance. For our analysis, we use publication data of high impact factor journals in the field of “Information Science & Library Science” between 2000 and 2009, extracted from Scopus. The resulting database contained 4837 publications reflecting the contributions of 8069 authors. Results from our data analysis suggest that research performance of scholars’ is significantly correlated with scholars’ ego-network measures. In particular, scholars with more co-authors and those who exhibit higher levels of betweenness centrality (i.e., the extent to which a co-author is between another pair of co-authors) perform better in terms of research (i.e., higher g-index). Furthermore, scholars with efficient collaboration networks who maintain a strong co-authorship relationship with one primary co-author within a group of linked co-authors (i.e., co-authors that have joint publications) perform better than those researchers with many relationships to the same group of linked co-authors. 相似文献
6.
While the relevance of lead users has been well established for the early phases of the innovation process, such as ideation and creativity, the relationship between lead userness and implementation and diffusion has not been investigated. This is surprising, as the conjecture that lead user ideas are more likely to be implemented and diffused than non-lead user ideas is a key tenet of lead user research. To test this conjecture we draw on a sample of 87 internal process users in a large electronics firm who submitted ideas to an idea management system. 452 ideas were suggested, of which 148 were implemented and 33 further diffused on the shopfloor. We find that higher lead userness is positively and significantly associated with the likelihood of suggested ideas being implemented and diffused. This effect is substantial: Ideas coming from lead users were more than two times more likely to be implemented and more than three times more likely to be diffused than ideas coming from non-lead users. We conclude that lead user ideas are more likely than non-lead user ideas to be implemented and diffused throughout a social system, which arguably constitutes the ultimate success of any idea. Our research contributes to research on (internal) lead users, idea management systems, and idea implementation and diffusion. 相似文献
7.
企业创新离不开对外部知识的利用和搜寻,大数据技术能让企业在各种领域深层次地获取全面、完整的数据。因此本文探讨了外部知识搜寻对企业创新能力的影响。同时,将大数据能力的调节作用纳入考虑,探讨其在外部知识搜寻与企业创新之间的调节效果。研究中采用无反应偏差检验分析和同源偏差检验分析检验了数据的有效性;采用回归分析法来探讨各研究变量间关系并验证研究假设。研究结果显示外部知识搜寻深度和广度对激进式创新及渐进式创新均有正向影响,其中,搜寻广度对渐进式创新影响较大,搜寻深度则对激进式创新影响较大。在进行外部知识深度与广度搜寻时,大数据能力发挥显著正向作用。大数据能力对激进式创新和渐进式创新都有正向影响。大数据能力在外部知识搜寻深度与渐进式创新和激进式创新关系中有正向调节作用,在外部知识搜寻广度与渐进式创新和激进式创新的关系中调节作用发挥不明显。 相似文献
8.
To innovate, firms often need to draw from, and collaborate with, a large number of actors from outside their organization. At the same time, firms need also to be focused on capturing the returns from their innovative ideas. This gives rise to a paradox of openness—the creation of innovations often requires openness, but the commercialization of innovations requires protection. Based on econometric analysis of data from a UK innovation survey, we find a concave relationship between firms’ breadth of external search and formal collaboration for innovation, and the strength of the firms’ appropriability strategies. We show that this concave relationship is stronger for breadth of formal collaboration than for external search. There is also partial evidence suggesting that the relationship is less pronounced for both external search and formal collaboration if firms do not draw ideas from or collaborate with competitors. We explore the implications of these findings for the literature on open innovation and innovation strategy. 相似文献
9.
技术转移作为高校社会服务职能的重要体现形式，对高校科研活动究竟产生了何种影响是学术界关注的热点问题。本文以2008-2014年中国106所“211”及省部共建高校为样本，研究了高校技术转移对其论文产出和专利产出的影响效应，并对不同来源的科研资助（政府资助和企业资助）在高校技术转移与科研产出关系中的中介作用和调节作用分别进行了实证检验。结果表明：（1）高校技术转移对论文产出的影响不显著，而对专利产出具有显著正向影响；（2）高校技术转移对其获取政府资助和企业资助均具有显著的正向影响，政府资助和企业资助在高校技术转移与专利产出关系中发挥积极的中介作用；（3）政府资助对高校技术转移与论文产出的关系具有显著的负向调节作用，而企业资助对高校技术转移与专利产出的关系具有显著的负向调节作用。 相似文献
10.
组织忘却对创新的促进作用已受到关注,但鲜有文献研究组织忘却与绿色创新的关系,也甚少有学者分析知识搜寻在组织忘却与绿色创新关系中的作用。在相关文献研究的基础上,将知识搜寻分为广度知识搜寻和深度知识搜寻,以知识搜寻为中介变量,通过211家企业的问卷调查,运用层次回归分析方法,对组织忘却、知识搜寻与绿色创新关系展开实证研究。研究发现：组织忘却对绿色创新、广度知识搜寻和深度知识搜寻均有显著的正向影响,广度知识搜寻和深度知识搜寻对绿色创新有积极影响,广度知识搜寻和深度知识搜寻在组织忘却与绿色创新关系中起完全中介作用,深度知识搜寻在组织忘却与绿色创新关系中的中介效应大于广度知识搜寻的中介效应。 相似文献
11.
随着互联网、5G等新一代信息技术的迅猛发展,企业需要跨域组织边界,通过研发搜索行为捕捉创新机会、激发创新灵感、培养新技能从而提升企业的创新能力和绩效,但研发搜索行为是问题使然还是预知先知是企业研发中的一个重要的战略问题。本文基于组织行为理论,系统研究了绩效反馈、审时度势以及在联盟惯例的调节下,他们对企业研发搜索行为选择的影响。研究发现,当绩效反馈低于期望值时,企业会加强研发搜索;当绩效反馈高于期望值时,企业会减少研发搜索;当决策者预期未来绩效高于未来期望值时,企业会减少研发搜索。当绩效反馈低于期望值和预期未来绩效优于未来期望绩效时,联盟惯例在其中发挥负向的调节作用,但是当绩效反馈高于期望值时,联盟惯例强化了企业的搜索行为。研究结论部分解决了如何促进企业进行研发搜索行为,如何有效利用惯例的相关作用的问题,这对推动企业创新,提升企业核心竞争力具有重要的理论和实践意义。 相似文献
12.
Ecommerce is developing into a fast-growing channel for new business, so a strong presence in this domain could prove essential to the success of numerous commercial organizations. However, there is little research examining ecommerce at the individual customer level, particularly on the success of everyday ecommerce searches. This is critical for the continued success of online commerce. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of search engines in the retrieval of relevant ecommerce links. The study examines the effectiveness of five different types of search engines in response to ecommerce queries by comparing the engines’ quality of ecommerce links using topical relevancy ratings. This research employs 100 ecommerce queries, five major search engines, and more than 3540 Web links. The findings indicate that links retrieved using an ecommerce search engine are significantly better than those obtained from most other engines types but do not significantly differ from links obtained from a Web directory service. We discuss the implications for Web system design and ecommerce marketing campaigns. 相似文献
13.
How do the effects of cognitive openness and structural openness on the research impact of business scholars vary over their careers? By analysing a longitudinal sample of 35,296 scholars who published in business and management journals, we show that the cognitive openness and the structural openness of business scholars have non-linear relationships with their research impact. In particular, we found that, whereas moderate levels of cognitive openness and structural openness are desirable for increasing young scholars’ citations, a high level of cognitive openness and a low level of structural openness contribute to senior scholars’ citations. This study contributes to our understanding of different search behaviour across business scholars’ career paths and its implications for scholars’ research impact. 相似文献
14.
【目的/意义】挖掘大学生移动短视频主动发布意愿的动力机制,有利于激发其创作欲望,扩大参与用户队
伍。【方法/过程】基于系统动力学和技术接受模型,建立大学生移动短视频主动发布意愿的动力机制模型,采用问
卷调查法,使用SPSS.22和AMOS.26检验所提出的假设。【结果/结论】研究发现,感知有用性、使用态度、可参与性、
社会身份认同感、平台议程设置等因素均对大学生移动短视频主动发布意愿有显著正向影响,但感知易用性对其
无显著影响。【创新/局限】本文将系统动力学和结构方程结合,创新了移动短视频发布意愿研究新方法。根据移动
短视频不断变化的新特点,将传播学理论与管理学理论结合进行研究,为后续其他发布意愿研究提供新思路。 相似文献
15.
【目的/意义】探究学术文献搜索结果选判过程中用户元数据关注特点及其与选择行为的关系,为检索系统
优化、用户选择行为指导提供理论依据。【目的/意义】利用出声思维法、半结构化访谈以及关键事件法对30名在读
硕士和博士研究生对知网学术文献检索结果的选判行为进行观察与访谈,对得到的材料进行分析。【结果/结论】用
户对题名、期刊、摘要等元数据信息关注较多,而对相似文献、下载量等元数据信息关注较少;高年级用户对于文献
内容特征的关注程度明显高于低年级用户,但对于新功能的关注度较低;用户关注的元数据信息越多,检索的次数
也越多;用户常用的元数据关注路径为LB、LB-LD和SI-LB,文献选择效果较好的路径为LB-LD和SI-LB。【创新/
局限】充实丰富了学术信息搜索结果选判行为研究的视角,以期为后续的检索系统优化、用户选判行为指导提供理
论支持;本次研究得到的结论较适用于初级科研用户,对于经验丰富的科研用户适用性仍有待考证。 相似文献
16.
以资源保存理论和情感事件理论为理论基础，以316名员工为被试，运用非伦理领导、情绪耗竭、内在动机和创新越轨行为等量表，对非伦理领导通过情绪耗竭和内在动机两个中介变量影响员工职场创新越轨行为的作用机制进行了探讨。研究结果表明：（1）非伦理领导、情绪耗竭、内在动机和职场创新越轨行为彼此显著相关；（2）情绪耗竭和内在动机的链式多重中介效应在非伦理领导与员工职场创新越轨行为之间起完全中介作用，非伦理领导不但分别以情绪耗竭和内在动机两个独立中介变量影响员工职场创新越轨行为，还可以通过“非伦理领导→情绪耗竭→内在动机→创新越轨行为”的路径影响员工职场创新越轨行为。 相似文献
17.
This paper investigates the influence of user characteristics (e.g. search experience and cognitive skills) on user effectiveness. A user study was conducted to investigate this effect, 56 participants completed searches for 56 topics using the TREC test collection. Results indicated that participants with search experience and high cognitive skills were more effective than those with less experience and slower perceptual abilities. However, all users rated themselves with the same level of satisfaction with the search results despite the fact they varied substantially in their effectiveness. Therefore, information retrieval evaluators should take these factors into consideration when investigating the impact of system effectiveness on user effectiveness. 相似文献
18.
Awareness of another’s activity is an important aspect of facilitating collaboration between users, enabling an “understanding of the activities of others” (Dourish & Bellotti, 1992). In this paper we investigate the role of awareness and its effect on search performance and behaviour in collaborative multimedia retrieval. We focus on the scenario where two users are searching at the same time on the same task, and via an interface, can see the activity of the other user. The main research question asks: does awareness of another searcher aid a user when carrying out a multimedia search session?To encourage awareness, an experimental study was designed where two users were asked to compete to find as many relevant video shots as possible under different awareness conditions. These were individual search (no awareness), Mutual awareness (where both users could see the other’s search screen), and unbalanced awareness (where one user is able to see the other’s screen, but not vice-versa). Twelve pairs of users were recruited, and the four worst performing TRECVID 2006 search topics were used as search tasks, under four different awareness conditions. We present the results of this study, followed by a discussion of the implications for multimedia information retrieval systems. 相似文献
19.
Ramesh Srinivasan 《The Information Society》2014,30(1):71-80
While the debate rages on the role of social media technologies in the initial days of the Egyptian revolution of 2011, a more relevant research question today is the role of social media within an increasingly contested and turbulent political sphere. This article identifies three key modes by which social media is being exploited to impact political power, and uncovers the salience of each of these through 2 years of multisited ethnographies and interviews. First, I argue that political actors across the political spectrum, from liberals to Muslim Brotherhood (Ikhwan), are using technologies to build wider ranging, heterogeneous, and diverse networks of supporters, expanding their base from a more historically homogeneous core support group. Second, I argue that actors are working to build bridges between older and newer media platforms, recognizing that each platform is increasingly being shaped by the other. Finally, I describe some of the ways that technology is being used by activists to subvert their competition, promoting campaigns of misinformation and hacking at the expense of others. 相似文献
20.
Categorized overviews of web search results are a promising way to support user exploration, understanding, and discovery. These search interfaces combine a metadata-based overview with the list of search results to enable a rich form of interaction. A study of 24 sophisticated users carrying out complex tasks suggests how searchers may adapt their search tactics when using categorized overviews. This mixed methods study evaluated categorized overviews of web search results organized into thematic, geographic, and government categories. Participants conducted four exploratory searches during a 2-hour session to generate ideas for newspaper articles about specified topics such as “human smuggling.” Results showed that subjects explored deeper while feeling more organized, and that the categorized overview helped subjects better assess their results, although no significant differences were detected in the quality of the article ideas. A qualitative analysis of searcher comments identified seven tactics that participants reported adopting when using categorized overviews. This paper concludes by proposing a set of guidelines for the design of exploratory search interfaces. An understanding of the impact of categorized overviews on search tactics will be useful to web search researchers, search interface designers, information architects and web developers. 相似文献