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1.
随着社会信息加工心理学的崛起,人们开始用社会信息加工过程中可能存在的障碍来理解学习困难儿童的礼会性发展.以往研究发现,意图归因、社会日标和自我效能感在加工过程中起着重要作用.本研究发现:(1)行为类刑不同的学习困难儿童在社会目标选取上存在显著差异;(2)行为类型不同的学习困难儿童在与社会目标相应的自我效能感上存在显著差异;(3)学习困难儿童所追求的社会目标与相应的自我效能感存在相关;(4)学习困难儿童社会目标存在年级差异.  相似文献   

2.
利用张文新修订的Olweus欺负问卷、陈欣银等人修订的儿童社会行为量表、社会提名法等对827名中小学生进行测查,考察中小学生受欺负的状况,及与其行为表现、同伴关系之间关系.结果发现:(1)总体而言,中小学生受欺负的发生率比较高,且相当稳定;(2)中小学生受欺负与同伴接纳显著负相关,与同伴拒绝显著正相关,即儿童受欺负频次越高,其同伴接纳越少,同伴拒绝越多;(3)在中小学中,儿童的社会行为在儿童受欺负对同伴关系的影响中起部分中介作用.受欺负频次通过社会行为中的攻击行为和羞怯-退缩行为间接地影响同伴关系.  相似文献   

3.
高年级小学生社会信息加工特点研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
社会认知研究范式的主要特点是采用信息加工过程模式来理解社会心理现象.通过这种模式考察儿童社会信息加工各阶段的特点有助于揭示社会性发展的内部机制.51名高年级小学生参加了结构性访谈,结果表明,在模糊同伴情景下,编码、解释、人际效能感以及反应执行水平上存在显著年级差异;男孩产生的反应数量显著多于女孩,男孩的侵犯性反应多于女孩.模糊权威情景下,编码和解释水平上存在显著年级差异;男女无差异.在清晰权威情景下,反应执行水平上存在显著年级差异;男女儿童对社会线索的解释也有显著差异.  相似文献   

4.
通过对132名小学3、4、5年级学生的同伴接纳、社会行为和父母教养方式相互关系的问卷调查发现,儿童表现出的攻击行为越少,亲社会行为越多,则同伴接纳越高;儿童的同伴接纳与父母教养方式之间没有关系;父母不同的教养方式对儿童的社会行为产生显著的影响,父母教养方式积极的儿童表现出更多的亲社会行为.  相似文献   

5.
为了更好地了解ADHD儿童的师生关系、情绪行为问题和同伴接纳的关系,探究同伴接纳在师生关系和情绪行为问题中的中介作用。研究采用师生关系问卷、同伴提名法和长处与困难问卷对130名3—5年级ADHD儿童进行问卷调查。研究发现:ADHD儿童的情绪行为问题、同伴接纳、师生关系两两之间存在显著相关;同伴接纳在师生关系和情绪行为问题之间起部分中介作用。  相似文献   

6.
为了考察小学生社会性适应的性别差异,研究选取小学二至六年级的儿童作为被试。采用修订的班级戏剧问卷和同伴提名法对儿童的积极社会行为、攻击冒犯行为、敏感退缩行为、师生关系和同伴接纳程度进行评定。结果发现:在社会行为上,女生表现出更多的积极社会行为和敏感退缩行为,男生则表现出较多的攻击冒犯行为。在师生关系上,女生更容易与教师建立亲密的关系,男生更易与教师建立冲突和依赖的关系。在同伴接纳上,女生受欢迎程度更高、男生受拒绝程度更高。  相似文献   

7.
用问卷法和同伴提名法对876名小学生的亲子依恋、教师接纳、同伴接纳与孤独感之间的关系进行研究。结果表明:亲子依恋、教师接纳、同伴接纳与小学生孤独感之间存在显著相关;各变量的不同水平之间儿童孤独感存在显著差异;亲子依恋、教师接纳、同伴接纳对儿童的孤独感有较大的预测作用,但在不同性别、年级水平上又存在明显不同。  相似文献   

8.
以生态系统理论为视角,考察了环境对儿童社会退缩行为的影响.生态系统中的各个子系统都以各自不同的方式对儿童的社会退缩行为产生不同的影响.在微系统中,对儿童社会退缩行为影响较大的为家庭生态系统(亲子互动、教养方式)和班级生态系统,其中班级生态系统又可细分为同伴互动子系统(同伴接纳、同伴拒绝及同伴欺负)和师生互动子系统(教师的移情、关怀和亲社会行为).在宏系统中,文化模式和文化态度对儿童社会退缩行为具有重要影响.未来的研究应该更关注中系统和外系统的影响,考察微系统的动态变化以及制定系统的干预措施.  相似文献   

9.
幼儿社会技能——进入儿童群体的重要社会标签   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
社会标签是社会、他人或社会组织给有关人员加上的一个身份证明,在儿童群体中以人缘的好坏来衡量。社会技能是个体经过学习获得的,从“同伴接纳”的角度分析,主要用于评定同伴接纳或者人际关系(如同伴社会测量地位)。幼儿社会技能是进入儿童群体的重要社会标签,社会技能的获得将促使幼儿良好的心理行为的发生。根据社会技能干预的理论,本文提出社会技能干预训练的方法,以帮助幼儿成功获得进入儿童群体的社会标签。  相似文献   

10.
以辽宁省2所小学的137名六年级儿童为被试,采用实验法探究儿童社会排斥对亲社会行为的影响以及自尊的调节与中介效应。结果发现:(1)社会接纳和不明确社会排斥能够提高儿童的亲社会行为,明确排斥降低儿童的亲社会行为;(2)特质自尊在儿童社会排斥对亲社会行为的影响关系中起调节作用,高特质自尊对其关系影响不显著,低特质自尊儿童的亲社会行为更容易受到排斥的影响;(3)在低特质自尊的儿童中,状态自尊在社会排斥对其亲社会行为的影响起中介作用。  相似文献   

11.
很多研究试图揭示学习障碍与社会技能缺失的关系,探讨社会技能起缺失是否是学习障碍儿童特有的现象。研究者围绕学习障碍定义关于社会技能缺失的表述,学习障碍儿童社会技能缺失成因,学习障碍子类型与社会技能缺失的关系以及学习障碍儿童社会技能缺失元分析研究四个方面对这一问题进行研究。研究学习障碍与社会技能缺失的关系对教育者开展干预工作具有重要的指导意义。将来的研究应关注学习障碍儿童社会技能缺失的类型特点和发展特点。  相似文献   

12.
对学习障碍儿童的社会性发展进行研究,是教育、矫治学习障碍儿童过程中的重要部分.其社会性发展不良主要体现在社会认知不良、社会交往不良、社会行为不良三个方面.文章还从个人因素、环境因素探讨了学习障碍儿童社会性发展不良的原因,并提出了教育对策,以期促进这类儿童的健康全面发展.  相似文献   

13.
学业不良儿童的社会信息加工是当前学业不良研究的一个重要领域。本文从学业不良儿童社会信息加工的阶段及其特点,社会信息加工与各影响因素之间关系这两个角度出发,对现有研究进行梳理,并进行了简要评价与展望。  相似文献   

14.
我国学习不良儿童社会性发展研究综述   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
学习不良是指个体的实际学业成就与根据其智力潜能期望达到的学业成绩之间的差异,这种差异达到一定标准时就是学习不良。我国对学习不良儿童社会性发展的研究主要从其社会认知、社会行为与相关因素三个方面来探讨学习不良儿童社会性发展的内在机制、特点及影响因素。本文总结了国内这方面的相关研究,以便理清思路,为今后的研究提供借鉴。  相似文献   

15.
学习障碍儿童社会技能研究主要围绕社会技能缺失、社会技能训练有效性和社会技能研究方法方面进行。社会技能缺失研究主要探讨学习障碍儿童社会技能缺失成因、分类以及社会技能缺失是否是一种学习障碍等问题。影响学习障碍儿童社会技能训练有效性的因素主要包括干预的频率和强度、干预方法、治疗完整度和训练效果的迁移与保持等。社会技能研究方法的研究主要包括对现有社会技能评定量表和测量方法的分析与评价以及对新的社会技能研究方法———最小可觉差法和功能分析法的特征分析和有效性评价。  相似文献   

16.
Social skills deficits as a primary learning disability   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Advances in the definition of social skills deficits in children and youth with learning disabilities are presented and critiqued. The proposed modified definition of learning disability by the Interagency Committee on Learning Disabilities, which includes social skills deficits as a specific learning disability, is presented and discussed. This definition is analyzed from primary, secondary, and social learning theory causative hypotheses. Development of an adequate assessment technology is viewed as critical to the identification and classification of social skills deficits in children and youth with learning disabilities.  相似文献   

17.
The response of boys and girls with or without learning disabilities to social failure was examined. Children participated in two dyadic interactions with experimental confederates: an unfriendly interaction and a friendly one. The children's behavior was videotaped, and they answered questions following each interaction. The children with learning disabilities were found to be hyperresponsive to both interactions: They felt significantly worse following the unfriendly one and significantly better following the friendly interaction. Limited evidence was found to suggest that girls with learning disabilities were more adversely affected by the unfriendly interaction. Several of the findings were consistent with the hypothesis that children with learning disabilities show a learned helplessness response to social failure. The implications of these findings for understanding the social behavior of children with learning disabilities are discussed.  相似文献   

18.
This study examined the contribution of attachment security and emotion regulation (ER) to the explanation of social information processing (SIP) in middle childhood boys with learning disabilities (LD) and without LD matched on age and grade level. Children analyzed four social vignettes using Dodge's SIP model and completed the Kerns security scale and the children's self-control scale. Study results demonstrated major difficulties in SIP, lower attachment security, and less ER in children with LD compared to children without LD. Attachment as well as the interaction between attachment and ER emerged as important contributors to most SIP steps, suggesting that children with higher security who also have better ER skills will have better SIP capabilities along the different steps, beyond group inclusion. Results were discussed in terms of practical and clinical implications regarding the importance of mother-child attachment and ER skills for social cognitive capabilities in children with LD.  相似文献   

19.
The study examined the social‐information‐processing skills of kindergarten children with developmental learning disabilities (LD) utilizing Crick and Dodge's (1994) model of children's social adjustment as a theoretical framework. Participants consisted of 20 kindergarten children with developmental LD who attended three integrated kindergartens and 20 children without developmental LD from the same kindergartens. Participants were assessed on social‐information‐processing skills, feelings of loneliness, sense of coherence, and teachers' ratings of behavioral problems and positive resources. The results indicated that girls with developmental LD performed significantly lower on two information‐processing steps—the response decision and the enactment steps—than did girls without LD. Such differences were not found for boys. The results also showed that the social‐information‐processing skills of children with developmental LD were correlated with teachers' ratings.  相似文献   

20.
The present study aimed to comprehensively examine social cognition processes in children with and without learning disabilities (LD), focusing on social information processing (SIP) and complex emotional understanding capabilities such as understanding complex, mixed, and hidden emotions. Participants were 50 children with LD (age range 9.4-12.7; 35 boys, 15 girls) and 50 children without LD matched on grade, age, and gender. Children analyzed 4 social vignettes using Dodge's SIP model and completed 2 emotional recognition tasks (pictures and stories) and 4 emotional knowledge tasks, such as providing definitions and examples for 5 emotions (e.g., loneliness, pride, embarrassment). Study results demonstrated that children with LD had major difficulties in SIP processes and consistent difficulties with the different tasks in the understanding of complex emotions and in higher emotional understanding capabilities, such as understanding that 2 conflicting emotions (love and hate) can be simultaneously experienced. We discuss the implications of such difficulties for the understanding of social competence in children with LD as well as their implications for social skills intervention.  相似文献   

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