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1.
教育公平主要包括教育权力平等和机会均等两个方面，高等教育公平是一个复杂的不断发展的概念，它的核心是制度或规则的公平，因而，我们在政策抉择中，应完善高等教育体制，改善高等教育过程，提高高等教育质量以及关注弱势群体，建立有效补偿机制，以实现我国高等教育公平与效率的和谐共生。 相似文献
2.
合理的阶层流动是社会公平、民主、自由以及人的全面发展的内在要求。阶层流动和高等教育公平二者一致的价值诉求有其内在统一性。实现高等教育公平与阶层流动良性互动、促进和谐社会构建的可行路径包括:树立平等观念,遵循"扶弱"原则,为低层代际向上流动提供机会;增加教育投入,合理配置资源,为社会弱势群体向上流动提供保障;强化和完善高等教育选择功能,促进社会阶层的竞争性流动;发挥高等教育的价值导向作用,关注大学生就业,促进社会阶层的公平流动等。 相似文献
3.
Joseph Zajda 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2011,6(1):143-152
This review essay focuses on the prominence given to globalisation and discourses of globalisation in education reforms and
pedagogy, as well as the way conceptual thinking in this area has changed and developed, due to competing ideologies, forces
of globalisation and political, economic and cultural transformations. It analyses and evaluates the shifts in methodological
approaches to globalisation and its effects on education policy and pedagogy. It focuses on forces of globalisation, ideology,
social inequality and implications for equity and access to quality education. 相似文献
4.
教育公平是社会公平的基础,基础教育公平是社会公平基础之基础。基础教育的公平历来就是世界各国所共同追求的目标,亦是政府不可推卸的责任。本文选取印度这个和我国同为发展中大国的国家,分别从历史、法律政策、财政拨款等方面梳理其在基础教育公平方面做出的巨大努力,以期为解决我国基础教育公平问题提供借鉴。 相似文献
5.
6.
Belmiro Gil Cabrito 《Tertiary Education and Management》2013,19(1):23-39
Abstract The main topic of this article is to consider the role of the State in providing higher education in Portugal, paying attention to the fact that the privatisation of higher education has been in place since the eighties (Amaral 1999) and also that it is difficult for students and their families to find the monetary resources needed for attendance at university (Cabrito 1999). The discussion focuses on the funding of higher education in a quasi‐market situation (Le Grand et al. 1993), as Portugal hasn't escaped the universal trend towards privatisation of education (Whitty et al. 1998). In the last decade, the relationship between State, universities and students has been changing rapidly (Acherman et al. 1989; Barr et al. 1993; Williams 1990; Henkel et al. 1999), and some arguments are presented that equity in access to higher education must be guaranteed (Mora 1997; UNESCO 1998; Williams 1992). In this connection, the need is argued for free attendance on higher education and State subsidies to students to cover the costs of education. Firstly, the economic and social condition of university students is presented. Using data from two periods, one academic year from the 60s and one from the 90s, the increase in the degree of equity that the university system had known in recent decades can be verified. According to the analysis, the Portuguese population in general is better represented in the university student body nowadays, than in the 60s. Therefore, it is possible to discuss the maintenance of a low degree of equity in the Portuguese university system. For this, the economic and social condition of university students is compared with ‐ that of the Portuguese population in the 90s. Secondly, the expectations of the students of higher education are presented, in order to understand the value attached by them to a university degree, which explains the social demand for education. Finally, the costs of higher education, both private and public, are evaluated. From this evaluation, it is possible to conclude that the principal source of funding of higher education costs is the student and his/her family and to discuss the need for a more interventionist State in higher education financing. 相似文献
7.
Miriam E. David 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2011,38(1):25-42
This paper is about changing concepts of equity in UK higher education. In particular, it charts the moves from concepts about
gender equality as about women’s education as a key issue in twentieth century higher education to questions of men’s education
in the twenty-first century. These changing concepts of equity are linked to wider social and economic transformations, the
expansion of higher education and the growth in the knowledge economy, or what has been called ‘academic capitalism’. Feminist
theorists and activists, often called second wave feminists, developed concepts of gender equality in education, including
higher education in the twentieth century, and these have been incorporated into higher education and policies with the expansions
of higher education, especially around notions of widening participation. Notions of widening participation in policy and
practice arenas focus on equity as about social class, socio-economic disadvantage, ethnicity and race, rather than specifically
on gender questions. Equity is now twinned with diversity and where gender is now invoked it is largely about young and working
class men’s disadvantage in relation to higher education. In this paper, I will also provide research evidence from the UK’s
Teaching and Learning Research Programme (TLRP) which has been the UK’s biggest ever initiative in education research about
equity and diversity as currently conceived in UK higher education. I will show how gender has been incorporated with diversity
questions and has lost its critical and feminist edge. I conclude with addressing questions about the future of higher education
policies and practices to address questions of equity and diversity, attempting to counter the systemic inequalities in current
forms of UK higher education. There are opportunities for developing new, critical and feminist pedagogies. More inclusive
or ‘connectionist’ approaches, rather than ‘teaching to the test’, would engage socially diverse men and women students in
a range of higher education subjects and settings. 相似文献
8.
Oscar Espinoza 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(4):343-363
Background Over the past four decades there have been a number of controversies arising from the discussion of ‘equity’ and ‘equality’. These concepts are often invoked by policy analysts, policy-makers, government officials and scholars in order to justify or critique resource allocation to different levels of the educational system. Purpose By creating a new equality–equity goal-oriented model, which allows the combination of different dimensions for each concept with different stages of the educational process, this paper aims to achieve two purposes: (1) to clarify among researchers, educators, evaluators, policy analysts, and policy-makers the notions of ‘equality’ and ‘equity’; and (2) to encourage researchers and evaluators to critically examine and synthesize equality/equity-based research. Sources of evidence A review of the literature concerning the meaning, goals and assumptions of the concepts ‘equity’ and ‘equality’, and their implications for social and public policy, is presented. Main argument A survey of recent and earlier debates on ‘equity’ and ‘equality’ among scholars and researchers reveals disagreement and confusion about what those concepts really mean and what they involve in terms of goals and results. It is debatable whether we can have ‘equity’ and ‘equality’ in a society that prioritizes efficiency in resource management over social justice. Certainly, such questions have shaped and guided many discussions and theoretical debates among scholars, policy analysts and policy-makers. Conclusions Most of the definitions of ‘equity’ and ‘equality’ are frequently used by many researchers, evaluators, policy-makers, policy analysts, scholars and educators as if they were interchangeable. Instead of arguing for a unique or simple conception of ‘equity’ and ‘equality’, a set of definitions of those concepts as well as a discussion related to theoretical and policy issues associated are presented. In order to avoid that confusion, the equality–equity model developed in this paper suggests several new directions for analysis and research. It provides some ideas about how ‘equity’ (i.e. ‘equity for equal needs’, ‘equity for equal potential’ and ‘equity for equal achievement’) and ‘equality’ (i.e. ‘equality of opportunity’, ‘equality for all’ and ‘equality on average across social groups’) could be treated and measured in future research in relation to different features of the educational process (availability of resources, access, survival, output and outcome). 相似文献
9.
教育是民族振兴的基石,教育公平是社会公平的重要基础。而我国高等教育至今仍存在一些不公平现象,因此,远程开放教育是实现教育公平的重要途径,其面向全社会各类成员提供学习的条件和机会,提供优质教育,从而缩小数字鸿沟,促进教育公平的实现。 相似文献
10.
教育公平是一个独立的发展目标——辨析教育的公平与效率 总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29
教育公平从社会正义、平等、自由、人权的价值中产生,是一个独立的社会发展目标。我国教育理论界过于关注教育的公平与效率之争,是经济领域“效率优先、兼顾公平”的口号泛化的结果,也与我国“财政视角”的教育改革路径有关。教育的公平与效率问题应当具体分析,其冲突主要表现在教育资源的配置上。在义务教育阶段,公平与效率是高度一致的,但在入学机会问题上,主要是公平、公正的制度和政策设计问题,与效率无关。 相似文献
11.
教育公平是整合社会各阶层利益、实现社会平等的“最伟大的工具”,教育公平程度与政治认同情感成正比例相关。“机会均等”的科举“穷人教育”是中国古代官僚政治得以绵延数千年的制度因素。以史为鉴,深入发掘中国古代科举制度蕴藏的“公平公正”、“知识本位”教育理念,理性审视当今中国教育产业化、重点大学招生地方化等教育制度,切实贯彻温家宝总理的“穷人教育学”,有利于促进当今中国社会的长治久安。 相似文献
12.
我国教育领域存在的多方面不公平现象,对大学生的世界观、人生观、价值观等都产生了一定的消极影响。本文从当前高等教育公平面临的客观形势与学生对教育不公平的主观感受两方面,分析大学生不公平意识与行为形成的原因,探讨教育不公平对大学生思想行为以及对整个社会公平理念的影响。 相似文献
13.
教育问题从来不能与政治问题分离,教育政策也一向与政治政策紧密关联。以瑞士直接民主与多元语言在教育中的使用的两个典型特征这一崭新视角为案例,对教育民主与公平进行新的探讨,在教育的多元化与多样性基础上重新达成公正的交流与平等的共识,这是一个国家民主的基石。 相似文献
14.
Trevor Gale 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2011,38(1):5-23
The field of Australian higher education has changed, is changing and is about to change, repositioned in relation to other
“fields of power”. It is a sector now well defined by its institutional groupings and by their relative claims to selectivity
and exclusivity, with every suggestion of their differentiation growing. The potential of a “joined-up” tertiary education
system, of vocational education and training (VET) and universities, has the potential to further rework these relations within
Australian higher education, as will lifting the volume caps on university student enrolments. Moreover, Australian universities
now compete within an international higher education marketplace, ranked by THES and Shanghai Jiao Tiong league tables. “Catchment
areas” and knowledge production have become global. In sum, Australian universities (and agents within them) are positioned
differently in the field. And being so variously and variably placed, institutions and agents have different stances available
to them, including the positions they can take on student equity. In this paper I begin from the premise that our current
stance on equity has been out-positioned, as much by a changing higher education field as by entrenched representations of
social groups across regions, institutions, disciplines and degrees. In taking a new stance on equity, the paper is also concerned
with the positioning in the field of a new national research centre with a focus on student equity in higher education. In
particular, the paper asks what stance this new centre can take on student equity that will resonate on a national and even
international scale. And, given a global field of higher education, what definitions of equity and propositions for policy
and practice can it offer? What will work in the pursuit of equity? 相似文献
15.
Carlo Perrotta 《Learning, Media and Technology》2013,38(1):116-122
This paper contends that powerful techniques to manipulate data, enabled by technological and economic developments, can be easily co-opted to serve the restrictive frameworks of hyper-controlling, managerial accountability that characterise current cultures of summative assessment in education. In response to these challenges, research is urgently needed to increase our understanding of the impact that assessments have on individuals and society. The paper concludes that social research ought to contribute to the identification of responses – educational, technological and political – that can minimise inequalities and potential abuses through the encouragement of data literacy across society. 相似文献
16.
Supriya Baily 《Gender and education》2015,27(7):828-845
The year 2015 marks the twentieth anniversary of the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, with a goal to contribute to gender equality globally. As scholars continue in their quest to ‘take stock’ of the ways in which gender and education work in tandem to achieve greater gender equality, we observe a revival in interest regarding conversations on gender and education. These conversations cover a gamut of related issues, including teaching and achievement as well as a number of intersecting issues such as gender-based violence. Within the conversation has been a continued focus on the role of equity primarily defined as access and opportunity. This paper explores the context of quality as it relates to equity in education and addresses the problems that are still left on the margins. Our goal is to take stock and assess the strength of evidence and to provide directions for future research. 相似文献
17.
Karuna Chanana 《Higher Education》1993,26(1):69-92
This article focusses on the growth of higher education within the framework of preferential treatment and supportive measures for the benefit of different social groups, namely, the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes, minorities and women. It also reviews the educational policy discourse which assigns several functions to higher education. Some of these are: equity for the Scheduled Castes and Tribes; mainstreaming for the minorities, and equality for women. It demonstrates that the educational policy fails to integrate these functions which remain sectoral aims even at the conceptual level. Further, in the multi-cultural and multi-ethnic Indian society, the parametres of gender, caste, class and region are crucial in determining access to higher education. Again, gender becomes the all inclusive negative parameter conferring cumulative and competing disadvantages on women. Lastly, the educational policies and programmes are unable to encompass the complex social reality within a single framework and are, therefore, unable to bridge the gap between policy and practice.First published inHigher Education Reform in India, eds. Philip G. Altbach and Suma Chitnis (New Delhi: Sage Publication India Pvt. Ltd.). 相似文献
18.
Sandra Taylor 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2001,28(1):47-79
This article documents the contribution of teacher union activists in their campaigns to put gender issues on government policy agendas in the 1970s and 1980s in Australia. The collective accounts document the way the activists forged new relationships and alliances, based on common goals and shared feminist values, and worked strategically with femocrats in state bureaucracies. But the effectiveness of the activists depended also on a particular set of political and cultural factors which were present in Australia at the time. Such contextual factors were also significant in the later marginalisation of gender equity issues in education in the 1990s. At a theoretical level, the study illustrates the ways in which social movements challenge dominant discourses to bring about social change, and in particular how they ‘work’ in relation to policy development. It is argued, drawing on Melucci (1989) and Yeatman (1994), that social movement theory can be useful in explaining the waxing and waning of both gender equity activism and gender equity policy development. Within social movement theory, policies need to be viewed as negotiated settlements which are constantly redefined as contexts change, new forms of domination emerge, and new social networks form and coalesce to become new social movements. 相似文献
19.
墨西哥教育平等:现状、对策与启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
墨西哥教育不平等通过其教育贫富差距、教育地区差距、教育性别差异彰显出来。为此,墨西哥政府通过政策规约、法律保障、措施落实以实现人民对教育平等的诉求。本研究通过把脉墨西哥教育平等背景、现状、对策,透视发展中国家新自由主义政策与教育不平等、教育现代化与教育平等的两难困境,揭示发展中国家教育平等、教育公平到教育质量之发展理路。 相似文献
20.
胡四能 《五邑大学学报(社会科学版)》2007,9(3):84-87,95
高等教育民主化是社会政治民主在高等教育上的体现。高等教育民主化，无论是作为一种信仰或理想，还是作为一种制度或改革行动或过程，都必须要遵循一些基本原则。这些原则包括平等原则、学术自由与宽容原则、自主与自治原则和民主参与原则。 相似文献