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1.
中国高等教育财政经费来源的变迁:国家财政经费与个人学杂费关系的实证研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
王远伟 《清华大学教育研究》2006,27(5):42-48,75
本文利用统计数据对国家财政经费与个人学杂费变化状况、高等教育经费弹性系数和个人负担率进行了计算分析,在此基础上建立自回归模型对2010年的国家财政经费与个人学杂费进行了预测研究,获得的研究结论是:中国的高等教育成本分担政策已经快速实现,国家财政经费比重显著降低,个人学杂费所占比重较快地增加;人均高等教育经费在1999年之前保持增长,1999年之后呈现稳中趋降;个人及其家庭的财政贡献增长速度远远大于政府财政贡献的增长速度,也意味着个人及其家庭对高等教育的经济负担大大加重;今后一段时间内高等教育财政需求面临相当大的压力和隐忧。建议控制高等教育规模的过快扩张,关注生均教育财政指标变化状况,实现高等教育财政来源的更加多样化。 相似文献
2.
在过去的30年中，西班牙的高等教育经历了许多变化。在1983年，由于人们对私立大学的合法性的认可开始了高等教育的竞争状态。1998年以来，由于学生人数的减少以及人们对高等教育需求的下降，进一步推进了高等教育的改革。2001年，西班牙政府颁布了一项新制度以推动公立大学的市场化行为和私有化运行。尽管目前来评价这些变化的作用可能为时尚早，因为大学公共资金拨付制度仍保留不变，而这是今后需要调整的关键问题，这样才能为高等教育提供真正的竞争条件。虽然市场已经进入到西班牙高等教育领域中，但是公立大学源源不尽的公共资金将是阻止一个真正公平竞争的市场形成的一股巨大的力量。 相似文献
3.
In 2005 Chilean congress approved a bill that established a new funding tool for higher education funding through a "private system" of student loans (named CAE). The system aimed to support higher education inclusion among students with academic merits overcoming the lack of resources for ensuring access. Politicians have referred to this reform in higher education funding as a critical factor for expanding higher education enrollment. By its immediate results, it is a great strategy to cope with inequality and social mobility issues. However, there is little empirical evidence about labor market variables' overall effects, such as gender discrimination. This work attempts to estimate the new instrument's impact on the three standard measures of gender labor discrimination: labor participation, the gender wage gap, and the glass ceiling. The empirical strategy uses a difference-in-difference approach to provide estimates. The results indicate that the CAE policy changed women's labor market participation and contributed to close the gender pay gap in the labor market. However, the glass ceiling increased in the entire labor market, but not in the white-collar job market in specific. 相似文献
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For nearly two decades now, the rankings literature has continued to suggest that governments are adopting performance-based funding models which prioritize criteria favored by global rankings. This study examines this assertion by analyzing the performance-based funding programs of Austria, Denmark, Finland, and Sweden. The study finds that the orientation of performance-based funding on global rankings is weaker than it is commonly assumed. Except for Finland, the funding volume universities raise from this orientation is not substantial to influence the institutional performance. The study also analyzes the recent structural changes to performance-based funding in each jurisdiction. Policy implications are provided in the conclusion for higher education systems revising their performance-based funding or considering a shift to performance-based accountability. 相似文献
6.
This paper develops a general methodology for measuring the value added of institutions of higher education using commonly available administrative data. Our approach recognizes the data limitations and selection problems inherent in higher education, and highlights the challenges these issues pose for education policy. Combining information from different administrative sources in the state of Texas, we follow the universe of Texas college applicants from the time of application (pre-enrollment) through public college and into the labor market. In specifications that do not control for selection, we find large, significant differences across colleges in terms of persistence, graduation, and earnings; however, these differences decrease substantially when we control for selection. In light of the growing interest in using value-added measures in higher education for both funding and incentivizing purposes, our methodology offers unique evidence and lessons for policy makers. 相似文献
7.
刘文斌 《韩山师范学院学报》2005,26(4):77-80
中国和哈萨克斯坦是友好邻邦，1991年原苏联解体哈萨克斯坦独立后，中哈两国教育文化交流与合作不断发展，在哈萨克斯坦各类高等院校中，中国留学生的数量比来自其他国家的留学生的数量多，解决好中哈两国留学问题对于提高留学生的质量至关重要。 相似文献
8.
This paper examines university–industry partnerships (UIPs) in Kazakhstan. The study described here explored the kinds of collaborations with industry that universities have undertaken, their purposes and benefits, and the contextual barriers to such partnerships. Our findings suggest that UIPs in Kazakhstan remain weak and are largely limited to employers’ involvement in teaching, the provision of internships for students, and technical consultancies. We argue that the goal of policy makers to develop robust research partnerships that contribute to innovation and economic growth is constrained by heavy faculty teaching loads, poor institutional support for research, constant reforms in the higher education system, and little consistency in the priorities of the fast-changing Ministers of Education. 相似文献
9.
从高等教育基金委员会看英国高校治理模式的创新 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
20世纪90年代,英国高等教育的治理模式发生了变革,1919年建立起的大学拨款委员会模式已经终结,取而代之的是新的基金委员会模式。基金委员会模式体现了英国高等教育治理的新思路,以英格兰地区的高等教育基金委员会最有代表性。该地区的高等教育基金委员会不但要求大学在财政方面积极承担绩效责任,而且在科研以及教学方面也对大学施加外在影响。基金委员会主要通过财政备忘录对大学进行财政风险评估。作为政府的代理机构,基金委员会有鲜明的商业特征,主要通过一系列审查和绩效问责措施促进高校治理变革。然而,基金委员会自身存在一些不足,需要进一步完善。 相似文献
10.
Olena Fimyar Kairat Kurakbayev 《International journal of qualitative studies in education》2016,29(1):86-103
This paper is a part of a three-year study, ‘Internationalisation and reform of secondary schooling in Kazakhstan’, jointly conducted by an international team of UK- and Kazakhstan-based researchers in 2012–2014. The study was conceived as a mechanism to support education reform in the country. This was achieved through reconstructing the education policy narrative of the last two decades and understanding the effects of the newly established Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools and the Centres of Excellence in-service professional development programme on the larger system. While the focus of the study was on Kazakhstan’s educational present, the references to the previous system of education, which was often referred to as Soviet, traditional, but also successful, fundamental and the best in the world, were numerous. These continuous references to the past prompted the authors of this paper to address the questions: What memories and practices of Soviet education are still dominant in the field of education in Kazakhstan? How do these beliefs continue to shape educational debate in the country? In support of its argument, the paper draws on the literature on Soviet schooling and contemporary education reform, interview data with national and international teachers in Kazakhstan, and field observations. The resultant narrative, which brings together the analysis of educational change and changes in teachers’ beliefs, may appeal to many involved in the construction of the contemporary reform agenda. 相似文献
11.
The publication of the National Commission for Higher Education (NCHE) in 1996 was hailed as the first systematic attempt to map out a policy terrain for higher education in South Africa since the elections of April 1994. Its recommendations, particularly on the governance of higher education, elicited much discussion and debate. The debate continued (and continues) with the publication of the Green and White Papers, the Bill on Higher Education, and the Higher Education Act (HEA) in late 1997.This paper explores and seeks to clarify the emerging model of educational governance that has been accepted by the Ministry of Education in South Africa as the basis for managing and transforming the inherited system of higher education. Specifically, the paper considers the philosophy of “co-operative governance” and the governance recommendations of the NCHE Report and the HEA. These documents are examined in relation to state control and state supervision models of higher education governance. The paper concludes by considering the politics of policy development in the transformation of the South African higher education governance system. 相似文献
12.
国际化视域下英国政府削减高等教育经费的动因与启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
伴随着经济全球化趋势的加强,各国高等教育改革政策也日益国际化。当英国经费消减政策颁布后,高等教育进入实质性的风雨飘摇期。以国际化视域为切入点,通过剖析英国高等教育经费削减政策,揭示出政策改革的三大动因,进而为我国高等教育在扩大规模、提升质量、经费筹措、办学主体、学生资助以及教育投入等方面的改革与发展提供有益启示。 相似文献
13.
Naomi Rosh White 《Higher Education》2007,54(4):593-604
Changed funding arrangements and views of education have resulted in a re-prioritization of activities and practices in Australian
universities. While considerable research attention has been given to the consequences of these changes for university policies
and the activities of academic staff, less attention has been given to how students perceive these changes. In this paper,
undergraduate students’ experience of the commodification of higher education sector are explored. The evidence suggests that
the changed context is beginning to affect how students perceive university priorities and their effects on teaching and learning. 相似文献
14.
文章从高等教育的规模、质量、经费、管理体制四个方面回顾了回归以来澳门高等教育的发展状况。分析发现,回归后澳门高等教育高速发展的原因在于政府重视、社会氛围有利和与内地交流合作的加强。展望未来,针对已有经验和不足,提出相应政策建议:深化与内地的交流合作,服务区域经济社会发展;完善相关法律法规,理顺高等教育管理体制;通过多种途径,合理拓展高校校园空间;突出特色,提升高校办学水平。 相似文献
15.
Kevin R. McClure 《Journal of Higher Education Policy & Management》2017,39(5):575-589
A growing number of public colleges and universities in the United States have hired management consulting firms to help develop strategies aimed at increasing institutional effectiveness and efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to explore the frames and strategies of consultants in US public higher education reform efforts. Drawing upon a range of documentary evidence, the paper examines four consulting firms (Accenture, Bain & Company, Deloitte and McKinsey & Company) and their perspectives on higher education reform. The paper analyses the consultative process with two public universities and two state higher education systems to determine possible avenues by which consultants exert influence. Through reference to theory on academic capitalism and new institutionalism, the paper reveals the ways in which consultants circulate crisis narratives and diffuse private sector management ideas among public colleges and universities that are seeking both financial solvency and legitimacy. 相似文献
16.
本文首先回顾了几位学者对远程高等教育明瑟教育收益率研究的成果,接着阐述了本文回归模型的选择和数据来源,然后运用回归模型对363份问卷调查所获得的实际数据进行了回归分析,最后提出了本文的基本结论。本文的基本结论是：远程高等教育的收益率低于普通高等教育的收益率,但是远程高等教育的收益率仍然是正的;鉴于远程高等教育的收益率低的现实,各提供远程教育的学校应该努力提高教学质量,加强对学生各方面能力的培养。 相似文献
17.
Bruce Curtis 《Globalisation, Societies & Education》2008,6(2):179-194
The Performance‐Based Research Fund introduces research assessment and links this with the state funding of institutions of higher education in New Zealand. There has been considerable support from the university sector for this initiative in the belief that it will divert funding from polytechnics and other tertiary education organisations. This sectoral support borrows a thirdway rhetoric of rewarding excellence also used by Government, but becomes problematic at the point where institutional shares are determined. The paper explores how a rhetoric of rewarding excellence in research is subordinated to a new mangerialist thrust for efficiency and greater productivity from academics. The methodology of the Performance‐Based Research Fund is analysed as providing an imperfect local driver for the global phenomenon of new managerialism in higher education. 相似文献
18.
Consequences of competition for global university rankings, such as changes in funding modes, have been extensively discussed in the field of higher education. However, few studies have reviewed its implications on knowledge production. This study provides a contextualised method for theorising the implications of this competition on the development of East Asian higher education, specifically teacher education. It identifies the new forms of knowledge being produced in two teacher education institutions in Hong Kong and Macau by reviewing the publications of new recruits in a five-year period. The study considers the following variables: author(s), date and form of publication, abstract, title, keywords, journal name, language, data source, research context and methods. The findings show that the dominant publication trends are towards quantitative research and multiple authors. Psychological research is the most popular area and studies of other long-term issues in teacher education are being marginalised. 相似文献
19.
汪德德 《扬州大学学报(高教研究版)》2010,14(5):27-29
高等教育市场化,即根据市场模式对高等教育的形式和内容进行调整。新自由主义在高等教育市场化问题上有着独特的理论。在这种理论的影响下,全球高等教育逐渐开始了市场化进程,并显示出逐渐趋同的发展方向,各国高等院校纷纷开始脱离政府约束而开始走市场化道路。市场化道路诚然有利于拓宽高校的筹资渠道,但也对高校产生了诸多不利影响。 相似文献
20.
Evaluation plays an increasingly important role in the quality-driven context of higher education. Projects that focus on learning and teaching often have evaluation expected of them, however, there is little evidence on the effectiveness of approaches nor the extent to which the praxis of evaluation is achieved. To illustrate this phenomenon, project funding and evaluation expectations are reviewed and the resulting analysis of the literature identifies eight emergent themes. Two overarching factors that unite these themes are time (or lack of it) and participation, leading to six issues for evaluation practice. Alignment of evaluation theory with practice requires focused attention if the maximum benefits of evaluation for the project processes are to be achieved. 相似文献