共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
朱镜人 《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2020,(1):56-60
彼得斯认为惩罚有三个标准:一是有意地施以痛苦;二是由处于权威者施以;三是惩罚必须是受罚者因破坏规则而接受的后果。他强调,惩罚的“正当性”主要在于维持正常的教育和教学秩序;惩罚应体现平等性;惩罚形式应当体现适当性;惩罚应当慎用。其思想给予我们的启示:教育中的惩罚与社会中的惩罚有着根本的区别;惩罚是维护教学秩序和学校纪律必不可少的措施;学校教育中的惩罚造成的“痛苦”应当是非肉体痛苦;学校教育中应当尽可能避免使用惩罚手段。 相似文献
2.
惩罚是教育过程中不可或缺的教育手段之一。本文首先对比“教育中的惩罚”与“社会中的惩罚”以及与旧学校中的“体罚”的不同,其次从受教育者身心发展的规律、生活环境的特点、完整教育的需要三方面分析教育中惩罚的必要性,最后揭示惩罚对促进受教育者社会化和作为教育手段的功能。至此,解读“教育中惩罚”的独特意蕴。 相似文献
3.
朱倩 《铜陵职业技术学院学报》2011,10(1):77-78,81
惩罚作为教育手段古而有之,为提高惩罚的有效性,保证教育工作顺利运行,教师方面需要增强法律意识,正确使用惩罚权,惩罚前详尽调查、惩罚中讲究艺术、惩罚后做好安抚;学校方面要加强法制教育、制定合法班规、建立监督机制、细化学生申诉制度;社会方面正确舆论导向、家长正视惩罚。 相似文献
4.
惩罚是对学生的违规行为进行控制和纠正的常用方式或手段 ,其基本功能在于消除学校中的违规行为或某些不需要的行为 ,维护学校正常的教育教学秩序。广义的惩罚包括口头批评、训斥、谴责、暂时剥夺权利、体罚及变相体罚、处分等形式。虽然有些惩罚形式 (如体罚、变相体罚等 )为我国教育法规所明文禁止 ,但有调查表明 ,多数学校管理者仍然认为 ,“没有规矩 ,不成方圆” ,适当的惩罚对于维护学校正常的教育教学秩序是必不可少的 ,大多数犯错误的学生不可能仅凭老师的“和颜悦色”就知错改错。也就是说 ,在这些管理者的思想观念中 ,惩罚有其存在… 相似文献
5.
目前,在学校教育中,很多人认为惩罚教育已不足取,而能够给学生充分自信和自尊的赏识教育更能深入人心。但是,我们也应该清醒地看到赏识教育无节制的泛滥带来的惩罚教育的缺失。实际上,从教育学的观点来看,没有惩罚的教育是不完整的教育。而惩罚教育能否作为有效的教育管理手段,取决于教师能否很好地使用惩罚教育。一、使用惩罚教育要以爱护和尊重学生作为基础学生犯错误在所难免,对犯错误的学生实施一定的惩罚,是学校教育和管理学生的必要手段,但我们必须明白,惩罚仅仅是一种手段,而教育才是目的。不论我们采用何种形式的惩 相似文献
6.
谈惩罚中的“蝴蝶效应” 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
惩罚是对学生的违规行为进行控制和纠正的常用方式或手段，其基本功能在于消除学校中的违规行为或某些不需要的行为，维护学校正常的教育教学秩序。广义的惩罚包括口头批评、训斥、谴责、暂时剥夺权利、体罚及变相体罚、处分等形式。 相似文献
7.
正教育惩罚是教育者为了教育教学有序、顺利地开展而采取的教育手段。为了让学生在未来能更好地适应社会,我们必须引导和帮助学生学会在失败和惩罚来临时如何应对,并以让人尊敬的、健康的和发展的方式,做出良好的示范作用。只有这样,学校才能发挥其作为教育引领者的积极导引功能。因此,惩罚既是教育管理的有效手段,也是不可或缺的重要教育内容。 相似文献
8.
没有惩罚的教育是不健全的教育,没有惩罚体验 的学生是不健康的学生,如果我们确实致力于把学生 培养成适应社会同时也是个性发展的人的话。 在教育中,奖励或许是最贴近善的手段,但是,并 不存在与之相对的另一端。也就是说,我们绝对不要想 当然地把同样是作为手段的惩罚误解为是最接近恶 的。教育中大部分惩罚的出发点正是朝向善的。我们应 该努力的,不是空谈教育中应不应该有惩罚和实际中 是不是有惩罚,而是如何使奖励与惩罚作为教育手段 相互匹配得更好、更艺术,以及因为教育惩罚的合理 化、科学化而避免极端事件的反复出现。可以说学校 中,没有不曾惩罚过的教育者,也没有不曾受过惩罚的 受教育者。 问题之一是我们有必要好好学习如何惩罚,正如 相似文献
9.
针对中小学惩罚过度的情况,本文认为,一方面,惩罚教育不等同于体罚,教师应该合理地使用惩罚,防止因随意性的惩罚而酿成悲剧。另一方面,惩罚作为一种教育手段,在教育中具有不可替代的作用。教育中恰当地使用惩罚对维护教育秩序和促进学生社会化具有重要意义。本文分析现今教师无度惩罚学生的现象,揭示和反思学校教育中惩罚教育实践所存在的问题,并提出解决的策略,以达到落实惩罚教育的效果和切实改善教师使用惩罚教育的情况,使教师能够科学地运用惩罚教育。 相似文献
10.
合理的教育惩罚是一种教育性手段,其本质功能在于重申并维护学校规范的权威。这一功能通过教育惩罚对违规学生的自我感重塑和归属需要的激发而实现。教师在对违规学生实施惩罚时,要做到以引导为基点,以否定性体验为过程,以改过迁善为目的,彰显教育惩罚的教育性。 相似文献
11.
对于未成年学生的教育惩戒问题,国内外教育学界早有关注。总体上经历了从绝对惩戒教育到“无批评式教育”再到强调惩戒合理性的演变过程。学界对教育惩戒的认识还存在一定的分歧。法学界学者一般将《教育法》《义务教育法》等教育法律法规中规定的学校“处分”学生的措施视为教育惩戒;而多数教育学界学者则将教育惩戒与纪律处分区分开来,教育惩戒强调教师惩戒学生的权利。在教育相关的立法层面上试图区分教育惩戒与纪律处分,并将二者结合使用,细化教育惩戒和纪律处分的具体措施,分梯次使用惩戒与处分,进一步规范中小学纪律处分措施,构建未成年人惩戒与处分等学校不良记录封存的制度。 相似文献
12.
《师资教育杂志》2012,38(2):157-165
This paper discusses the nature of teacher authority in Finnish schools. Current trends in Finnish teacher education are presented with an emphasis on the high academic status of teachers. The empirical findings examine moral dilemmas in schools as identified by teachers and students. The methods of the study include interviews and essays. The analysis of the data reveals that the most problematic conflicts in schools are related to teacher-given punishment. The teachers have failed in practising their deontic authority. Teachers' behaviour has included manipulative means to control life in the classroom. The results of the study indicate that moral dilemmas in schools and the nature of teacher authority in solving these conflicts should be addressed more in pre-service teacher education. 相似文献
13.
《The Journal of educational research》2012,105(6):420-430
ABSTRACT The author examined corporal punishment practices in the United States based on data from 362 public school principals where corporal punishment is available. Results from multiple regression analyses show that schools with multiple student violence prevention programs and teacher training programs had fewer possibilities of use corporal punishment, whereas schools that served a greater percentage of ethnic minority students and special education students had a 2.1 times greater and a 1.8 times greater likelihood of use corporal punishment, after controlling for students’ problem behavior and school characteristics. Policy implications for an equal implementation of corporal punishment practice were offered. 相似文献
14.
学生违纪处分是高等学校教学管理工作的重要环节。在实践中,学校作出违纪处分决定的信息通常来自当事人所在院系和学生违纪处分主管部门,表现为一种科层化的“委托—代理”模型,而当事人的表达权往往得不到重视。由于不同主体(代理人)间目标函数的差异,其必然会选择自身所偏好的信息加以传递,从而扭曲了学校(委托人)的目标。网络状信息传递机制可以保障当事人充分表达的权利,进而使学生违纪处分工作达到育人和管理的双重目的,清华大学已经在实践中摸索出这样一套机制。 相似文献
15.
Xiang Qi 《Frontiers of Education in China》2017,12(4):445-467
This paper is aimed at exploring distinctive features of the decentralization of basic education in Shanghai by drawing on data from Shanghai Program for International Students Assessment (PISA) 2012. While doing the research for this paper, the author found that from a policy perspective, Shanghai had launched a reform policy aimed at transforming the highly centralized education system. This included a devolution of the decision-making authority to local departments of education and a reduction of control over schools. Private school policies were also initiated with the understanding that private schools ought to enjoy autonomy in almost every aspect of decision-making. From the perspective of practice, decentralization of basic education could be categorized as county-based school decentralization. In such a situation, the county bureaus of education wielded decision-making authority over a number of areas in the public school sector, while gradually devolving some decision-making authority to the public schools themselves; and the private schools enjoyed autonomy within their major decision-making areas. Given both the policy and practice of the decentralization of basic education in Shanghai, some suggestions are provided regarding: (1) how to promote school decentralization, and (2) how to balance it with accountability. 相似文献
16.
Sara Humphreys 《Gender and education》2008,20(5):527-540
In the last few years the Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children has been gathering momentum, with a submission to The United Nations Secretary General’s study on violence against children the most recent addition to the cause. Nevertheless, corporal punishment in schools is still condoned in many countries and its practice persists even where it is now illegal. However, it is usually discussed within a gender‐‘neutral’ human rights framework rather than being more usefully considered as a gendered practice, pivotal in sustaining the gender regimes of schools. Drawing primarily on an ethnographic study in four junior secondary schools in Botswana, in conjunction with other related studies in Sub‐Saharan Africa, it is argued that corporal punishment is gendered at the level of both policy and practice. Female and male students and teachers understand and experience the ‘giving’ and ‘receiving’ of corporal punishment differently as gender interacts with, and often takes precedence over, age and authority relations. Understanding corporal punishment as a gendered practice has important implications for how its persistence in schools might be more successfully addressed as part of the current drive to achieve the Millennium Development and Education for All Goals in relation to universal primary education and gender equality. 相似文献
17.
Charlene Tan 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2019,40(4):443-457
ABSTRACTDrawing upon Aihwa Ong’s concept of ‘neoliberalism as exception’, this paper explores how the education authority in Shanghai capitalises on neoliberal knowledge, techniques and logics to address local challenges. Through the creation of ‘new high-quality schools’ that is accompanied by a new assessment system, the authority hopes to persuade parents to choose non-elite schools instead of prestigious schools that excel in academic performance. The neoliberal strategy of school choice is supported by the policy of school autonomy for educators to go beyond test scores to promote holistic development in students. The paper underlines the indigenisation of neoliberalism through policy dynamics where multiple educational stakeholders interact with and mutually influence one another. By highlighting ‘neoliberalism with Chinese characteristics’ in Shanghai, this study demonstrates how neoliberalism coexists with state forms, cultural norms and social practices in a particular locality. 相似文献
18.
公立学校体罚在当今美国仍然是一个充满争议的话题.1977年英格瑞罕诉莱特案中,联邦最高法院基于对宪法修正案第八条和第十四条的解释,确认了体罚的合宪性,赋予各州自行决定体罚政策的权力.这一判决不仅在司法上构成类似案件的先例,更直接造就了各州法律对体罚存废态度不一的现状.保护儿童权利的诉求使得废除体罚运动开始兴起,并与美国学校体罚的传统产生了激烈冲突.在二者相持不下的局面下,一种主张改革学校教育以逐步消除体罚的实践开始出现,为消除体罚难题开辟了新的道路. 相似文献
19.
Brahm Fleisch Pam Christie ? 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2004,25(1):95-112
This article comments on leadership within mainstream literature on school effectiveness/improvement, where it is almost always considered to be a factor of change. The article argues that systemic school improvement, particularly for disadvantaged children, is inextricably linked to wider social, economic and political conditions—in South Africa’s case, the political transition from apartheid to democratic government. These structural conditions and specific historical contexts are often glossed over in models of school effectiveness/improvement. Through an analysis of dysfunctional and resilient schools as a legacy of apartheid, and of the slow reconstruction of education in the post‐apartheid period, the article argues for the importance of political legitimacy and authority in school improvement. The article concludes by suggesting that states in transition require a different theoretical lens in order to understand the impact of wider social changes on schools. In such societies, the establishment of legitimacy and authority is a precondition for sustainable effectiveness and improvement, and this has implications for theorising the role of leadership in school change more generally. 相似文献
20.
Yohanan Eshel 《教育心理学》1991,11(2):129-141
The effects of open education on student outcomes were investigated using classroom authority structure analysis. It was maintained that student outcomes are contingent on the congruence between formal and informal authority structure. The former is determined by the educational policy of the school, while the latter reflects pupils’ ratings of teacher readiness to share classroom decision making with them. A Student Decision Making Scale was devised to assess shared authority as perceived by students. Three open elementary schools with 274 students in 10 classes, and two comparable traditional schools with 224 students in nine classes were included in the present sample. Results indicated that more congruent authority structure was related to higher reading comprehension and vocabulary attainment, as well as to lower social desirability scores. This was true both when (a) shared authority was higher at the formal as well as the informal level (open schools with high shared authority in the classroom), and (b) shared authority was lower at the formal and the informal level (traditional schools with little authority shared in class). 相似文献