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1.
为给学前教育投入提供产出反馈，各国均开展了学前教育质量科学评估，并探讨其与儿童发展之间的关系。从1990年至2021年间，国内外关于学前教育质量与儿童发展关系的研究总体显示，学前教育机构的整体质量对儿童发展的影响易被非关键质量所稀释；结构质量对儿童发展存在阈值效应；过程质量是影响儿童发展的关键因素，尤其是特定领域的过程质量能更显著地影响和预测儿童对应领域的发展，不过过程质量对儿童发展的影响同样存在阈值效应；过程质量是结构质量影响儿童发展的重要中介。未来应开发具有文化适宜性和实践导向的学前教育质量与儿童发展评估工具，应构建大型学前教育质量与儿童发展追踪数据库以深入探索两者的关系，应开展基于循证研究的学前教育质量提升实践。 相似文献
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学前教育的立场:儿童、儿童的生命——从西部农村学前教育现象谈起 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目前,学前教育走向了以儿童发展为本的价值取向,而且在学前教育的个体价值与社会价值之间积极整合.学前教育必须关注儿童,关注儿童独特的生命特征,因为儿童、儿童的生命特征是学前教育的出发点和立场.学前教育必须为儿童未来的幸福生活做必要的准备,同时,儿童接受学前教育的过程也必须是幸福的、快乐的. 相似文献
3.
从起点上保障所有儿童的受教育机会和权力的平等是教育公平的重要组成部分.儿童发展综合服务计划(ICDS)是印度政府为促进农村贫穷地区与城市贫民窟弱势儿童的均衡发展而推行的一项综合性计划.该计划在执行过程中存在考量标准不严格、不准确;实现模式简单机械;实施效果不明显等问题.为此,印度政府应转变ICDS的公平观;探索ICDS功能的多样化;改善ICDS组织方式;完善ICDS管理机制.借鉴ICDS的教训,我国在发展弱势群体学前教育时应建立家庭经济困难幼儿入园资助体系;构建农村学前教育管理体制机制;更新弱势群体儿童家长的教育观念;合理规划农村学前教育机构的布局. 相似文献
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5.
我国学前教育发展面临诸多问题,如学前教育城乡发展差异巨大;农村幼儿园课程设置、环境创设城市化;幼儿园教育教学小学化;兴趣班盛行;入园难,等等。作者在对这些问题进行反思的基础上,认为其根源在于包括教师在内的成人没有树立科学的儿童观,而树立科学儿童观的基础是了解儿童。要解决发展面临的诸多问题,最为重要的是不论国家还是家长或是教师都应该树立科学的儿童观。 相似文献
6.
使用布瑞肯基本概念量表中的入学准备部分(SRC),对江苏省某市三区4所示范幼儿园41个班级的180名儿童进行测查发现:在园流动儿童的入学准备水平随年龄增长稳步提高,但各领域发展不均衡;男女差异不明显;小班和中班流动儿童的入学准备水平显著落后于本地儿童,但到大班时流动儿童与本地儿童的入学准备水平已无显著差异,表明长时间的系统的学前机构教育能有效促进流动儿童入学准备水平的提高。为此,研究者建议未来应建立适应人口流动的接纳性教育体制,进一步提升学前教育机构的保教质量,转变教养者的教育观念和行为,将正规与非正规学前教育相结合,以促进流动儿童做好入学 相似文献
7.
智利是世界公认的拥有较高水准学前教育及看护政策的国家,其学前教育机构依据不同的服务对象划分为五种类型;国家性课程指南面向0～6岁幼儿;注重对家长和社区人员作为教育者角色的培训;“智利与你共同成长”社会保护项目更是为处境不利家庭的儿童接受学前教育提供了支持.借鉴智利学前教育发展的经验,我国应优先保证5～6岁儿童的学前教育经费投入,同时积极开展多样化的学前教育帮扶项目,通过建立学前教育交流网络等方式增强学前教育领域专家与家长的沟通,此外还应关注0～3岁婴幼儿及其家长的需求,全面保障学前教育事业的健康和谐发展. 相似文献
8.
儿童福利从儿童的权利和需要出发,以儿童的幸福为宗旨,关注儿童发展问题,学前教育由此是儿童福利的重要组成部分.相比其他学制阶段,学前教育除了具有教育性外,还具有显著的福利性.它能为幼儿提供必要的照顾与保护,从而解放母亲,有助于增加社会劳动力,同时能帮助家庭解决子女养育中的问题,缓解家庭育儿压力与亲子关系冲突,是保证家庭幸福、社会和谐的重要途径与手段.从儿童福利视角看待学前教育,有助于敦促政府从提供社会公共服务的角度出发承担发展学前教育的责任;有助于促使政府为学前教育具有的社会服务功能买单,加大对学前教育的财政投入;有助于政府改变以往经费投入体制与方式,更多关注弱势家庭子女平等接受学前教育的机会;有助于政府协调各个职能部门,建立专门负责儿童福利事务的部门,与教育部门统筹管理,保证有关学前教育政策执行到位,落到实处. 相似文献
9.
课程评价是学前教育课程建设的重要手段,是学前教育质量提升的重要途径.目前我国学前教育课程种类繁多,但有关课程评价的理论与实践研究却十分滞后,无法对各种课程的质量和实施效果进行系统评估,严重制约了我国学前课程建设的质量.美国教育科学院于2002年启动的"学前教育课程评价研究"项目对发展我国学前教育课程评价具有重要的启发与借鉴价值.该项目是随着美国各级政府为低收入或处境不利儿童提供越来越多的早期教育机会而产生的,旨在探究和验证各类早期教育课程对这些儿童入学准备的具体效果.为此,组建了专门的课程实施团队,实践了14种较具代表性的学前教育课程方案,而后由独立的课程评价团队对其效果进行评价.他们广泛采用了儿童评价、教师报告、课堂观察、教师访谈与问卷调查、家长访谈等量化与质性评价方法,所得结论虽然不容乐观,亦受到多方质疑,认为该项目在评价目标、所选样本、考虑影响因素、深入分析数据程度等方面存在诸多局限,但其历时七年的研究还是有许多值得我们学习的地方.我们应提高对学前教育课程评价作用与意义的认识,并在此观念指导下,努力建构符合我国实际的科学而专业的学前教育课程评价体系,同时应充分调动政府、学术研究机构、社会组织、学前教育机构等主动参与课程评价的积极性,促使政府给予政策与资金方面的大力支持,推动学前教育课程评价研究与实践的繁荣,从而为学前教育的高质量发展提供有力的保证. 相似文献
10.
我国贫困地区农村儿童早期发展与学前教育质量思考 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
我国贫困地区农村学前儿童的入学认知准备总体情况不客乐观,农村学前儿童入学认知准备与其学前教育经历密切相关,对其未来的学业成绩具有预测性.因此,帮助学前儿童做好入学准备是现阶段我国贫困地区农村学前教育发展的核心问题.贫困地区农村学前教育事业发展的重点是快速普及学前一年教育.政府应重视并抓好学前一年教育的课程与教材建设,重构农村学前教育管理与培训体系,通过各种方式提高贫困地区农村儿童早期发展和学前教育的质量. 相似文献
11.
Jyotsna Pattnaik 《Early Childhood Education Journal》1996,24(1):11-16
The changes in the social and economic structure of India have intensified the need for universal early childhood education.
The formidable challenges before the Indian Government are: to provide high quality early childhood education programs; to
preserve indigenous practices such as multilinguality, family/community involvement, participation of older children as caretakers
of their younger siblings; and to provide early childhood education to all children despite serious financial constraints.
This article presents a brief overview of the traditional childrearing practices in India, chronicles government initiatives
in early childhood education, describes the range of programs available in India, and identifies goals that will shape the
future of early childhood programs in India.
Portions of this article will appear in Isenberg, J.P., & Jalongo, M.R. (Eds.). (1997, in press).Trends and issues in early childhood: Challenges, controversies, and insights. New York: Teachers College Press. 相似文献
12.
It is necessary for teachers to consider alternative means of evaluating their students. One method proving to be effective
for gathering and organizing student productivity, growth, and development is the portfolio approach. This article describes
the Early Childhood Portfolio Assessment Preparation (ECPAP) Model that was used to facilitate the use of student portfolios
in two different early childhood education programs. The goals of the model, the six steps followed and the participants'
responses to this project are discussed. This article may serve early childhood directors and supervisors who are preparing
teachers to implement student portfolios as a supplement or an alternative to the existing assessment and evaluation programs.
Also early childhood teacher education students can benefit from the design and implementation of ECPAP. 相似文献
13.
Christopher Daniel Murakami Chang Su-Russell Louis Manfra 《The Journal of environmental education》2018,49(1):18-29
Learning gardens can provide dynamic learning and developmental experiences for young children. This case study of 12 early childhood teachers explores how teachers describe (1) learning across numerous school readiness domains and (2) how to support this learning by promoting opportunities for autonomy, relatedness, and competence. Participants worked at a university-affiliated early education program with a learning garden in the midwestern United States. Data included 19 narrative, photo-elicitation interviews during two growing seasons. Iterative qualitative analyses informed the creation of a Gourd Tee-Pee Model that describes learning across multiple domains and integrates self-determination theory into early childhood garden education. This framework can inform the design and evaluation of early childhood garden education programs. 相似文献
14.
Bi Ying Hu Keang-Ieng Vong Miranda Chi Kuan Mak 《Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development》2015,35(1):50-66
This study examined the effectiveness of one province’s Kindergarten Quality Rating System in differentiating quality levels using the Chinese Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale (CECERS). Results confirmed that, except for the difference between the Standard and Level-3 Kindergartens, the CECERS was successful in detecting the differences among various quality levels based on Space & Furnishing, Personal Care Routines, Curriculum Planning & Implementation, Whole-Group Instruction, Activities, Language-Reasoning, Guidance & Interactions, and Parents & Staff. The findings suggest combining the Standard and Level-3 Kindergartens to improve the efficacy and efficiency of the quality rating system. Moreover, to ensure a quality ECE for children from disadvantaged backgrounds, the findings suggest that the government must increase both the number of rural programs and the quality of local ECE programs, especially rural and private programs. Finally, practitioners are encouraged to use the CECERS as a tool for improving ECE quality and for ensuring a quality early childhood education for every child. 相似文献
15.
Marianne Fenech Manjula Waniganayake Alma Fleet 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education》2009,37(2):199-213
In Australia and internationally, government policies aim to increase the supply of early childhood teachers and thus improve the quality of early childhood education and care services. In this paper, we suggest that such a policy-quality trajectory in Australia is not as straightforward as policy discourses suggest. From industrial relations and broader policy contexts, we argue that the early childhood profession is a profession on the margins and that this marginalisation complicates efforts to enhance numbers of early childhood teachers. Mindful of this marginalisation, we draw upon preliminary findings from a study exploring the motivations, beliefs and expectations of mature age postgraduate students to highlight practical issues pertaining to students and early childhood teacher education programs that further complicate policy drives to increase the supply of early childhood teachers. We propose that the success of such policy drives is dependent on a comprehensive addressing of the complexities raised in this paper. 相似文献
16.
Dolores J. Appl 《Early Childhood Education Journal》1995,23(1):23-26
This article investigates the relationship between early childhood education and early childhood special education in terms
of inclusion by providing evidence that there is a gap between the two professions in the inclusion process, discussing the
possible reasons for and consequences of this gap, and evaluating the progress that is being made to eliminate the gap. If
we are to includeall young children in programs, we need to includeall educators in the discussion, planning, and implementation of the programs. 相似文献
17.
Recent federal investments in early childhood assessment systems are the result of a national need for developmentally appropriate, psychometrically sound instruments to monitor young children and evaluate the effectiveness of their learning programs. In this paper, we examined the association between teachers’ perceptions of their students at the start of kindergarten and academic achievement in Grade 3 with hierarchical linear modeling using state-level data from nearly 30,000 students. The analyses showed that such an association exists even after accounting for student-level and school-level demographic variables and is moderated by the percentage of free-lunch-eligible students in a given school. Implications of these findings related screening and assessment at kindergarten entry are discussed. 相似文献
18.
郑庆文 《宁波教育学院学报》2012,(2):99-102
父母参与儿童早期保育与教育是美国儿童早期发展的"干预计划"中重要内容。在"开端计划"、"儿童保育运动"和"家庭援助方案"中父母以课堂志愿者活动、义工、家访交流等多种形式参与儿童早期保育与教育,以传递家庭中的文化、语言、宗教等方面的传统,监督保育与教育的各种实施措施改进和总体质量的提升,促进其子女的健康发展和自身素质和技能的提高。 相似文献
19.
Dr. Gail Ruppert Houle 《Early Childhood Education Journal》1996,23(4):197-200
The field of special education has primary responsibility for providing specialized services to young children with disabilities
in the schools. Increasingly, it is recognized that many disabilities identified among young children may be attributable
to environmental variables, such as violence, poverty, toxic materials exposure, and family dysfunction. Issues of violence
hold particular relevance for special education professionals. Recent studies report that young children with disabilities
are 1.7 times more likely to be victims of maltreatment than children without disabilities. For children with disabilities
living with the effects of violence, the infrastructure of special education as it is now developing may be the most promising
approach to individual and systems intervention. Comprehensive community-based initiatives are replacing fragmented practices.
The new collaborations can multiply the results of intervention or support programs beyond those attainable through any single
approach.
Views expressed in this article are solely those of the author and do not reflect policies of the U.S. Department of Education. 相似文献
20.
Currently there is tremendous support in the U.S. for increased parental involvement in early childhood settings. In addition, societal attitudes have changed recently, so that men are now expected to be much more involved in childrearing activities than in the past. Taken together, these two shifts in societal attitudes suggest the time is right to encourage greater father/male involvement in early childhood programs. However, such outreach efforts will face challenges. Based on the Men & Kids project in Urbana, Illinois, this paper identifies several specific challenges early childhood educators face as they explore ways to encourage greater levels of father/male involvement in their programs, along with preliminary suggestions for overcoming them. 相似文献