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Abstract This article reviews empirically oriented studies from the United States and Europe concerning visitor experiences in museum exhibitions in order to pinpoint similarities and differences among them. In the last 20 years, only a few scholars have tackled this research question in multifaceted empirical ways, although some of them have done so extensively. By comparing theoretical and methodical issues, as well as important results, we are able to outline several analytical building blocks that compose a complex framework of visitor expectations, experiences, and outcomes. Gathering credible data on experiences of visitors in exhibitions or museums, a method dating back to the tracking records of Robinson (1928) , is an ongoing challenge for the empirically inclined science of museum studies. Social scientists at universities and museums have been asking for 20 years: What are the findings regarding factors, structures, and consequences of exhibition experiences? Where are the blind spots? Which questions should be researched? 相似文献
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本文首先强调,包含等级制和驭民术思想的中文传统语境下的舆人之论,与戊戌变法时期梁启超等人倡导的立宪民主思想下的舆论概念,有着根本差异。文章简要回顾了西方自古希腊以来诸多思想家对舆论概念的颠覆与再颠覆过程,以阐明舆论研究有着很长的政治思辨传统。文章其次分析了当前国内外学术界对舆论本质的五种基本看法及其研究取向,并最后以实例证明,实证研究应成为现代舆论研究的发展方向。 相似文献
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Gerald R. Miller 《Communication Studies》2013,64(2):117-124
While a number of studies have been concerned with the effects of varying intensities of fear appeals on audience response, interpretation of the findings poses a number of problems. The author summarizes some of the major research thus far conducted, analyzes several of the problems involved in interpreting the findings of these studies, and provides some tentative suggestions for fruitful approaches to the study of the effects of fear‐arousing appeals. 相似文献
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以为知识网络是知识在创新网络中转移和流动的一种具体体现。通过采用社会网络分析方法,研究东莞电子信息产业集群中的技术知识网络、管理知识网络和市场知识网络。实证结果表明:三类知识网络既密切相关又具有很大的差异,产业集群中的企业在合作中除了交流技术知识,同时也进行着市场知识和管理知识的交流。整合技术、市场和管理知识的能力对于企业的发展意义重大。本研究在一定程度上拓展了创新网络的研究视角,也为创新网络理论的发展提供本土经验证据。 相似文献
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Information for social and economic participation: A review of related research on the information needs and acquisition of rural Chinese 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This paper provides an analytical overview of related literature published during the past decade on rural population's information needs and acquisition in China, with a view to informing the world research community and policy makers of what has been found about the information needs of the world's largest rural population and to promoting dialogue between interested researchers within and outside China. Results from related studies are summarized; major methodological features of these studies are noted; practical and theoretical implications of major findings are critically analyzed. Although the results from related studies are not directly comparable due to their differences in research methods and contexts, it is nevertheless possible to draw some common conclusions regarding the rural population's information needs and information source preferences. Related research has overwhelmingly showed that rural residents have an extensive range of information needs, with agricultural technological information, market information, income generation information and policy information being the most needed; and that they rely very much on interpersonal relationships for acquiring both general information and information for agriculture production. The primary objectives of most studies are pragmatic rather than theoretical. 相似文献
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T.T. Sreekumar 《亚洲交流杂志》2013,23(4):428-430
This paper examines the differential effects of green appeals for low involvement and high involvement products. Through a controlled experiment conducted in China, our study demonstrates that for low involvement products, an ad with a green appeal, compared to a similar one without a green appeal, elicits a more favorable consumer attitude toward the ad and the brand. This is true regardless of the level of consumer environmental concern. This study also shows that for high involvement products, there is no interaction effect between green appeals and product involvement. In addition, for consumers with high levels of environmental concern, an ad with a green appeal yields greater purchase intention than a similar one without a green appeal for low involving products. Such an effect is absent for consumers with low levels of environmental concern. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are also discussed. 相似文献
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This paper provides an analytical overview of related literature published during the past decade on rural population's information needs and acquisition in China, with a view to informing the world research community and policy makers of what has been found about the information needs of the world's largest rural population and to promoting dialogue between interested researchers within and outside China. Results from related studies are summarized; major methodological features of these studies are noted; practical and theoretical implications of major findings are critically analyzed. Although the results from related studies are not directly comparable due to their differences in research methods and contexts, it is nevertheless possible to draw some common conclusions regarding the rural population's information needs and information source preferences. Related research has overwhelmingly showed that rural residents have an extensive range of information needs, with agricultural technological information, market information, income generation information and policy information being the most needed; and that they rely very much on interpersonal relationships for acquiring both general information and information for agriculture production. The primary objectives of most studies are pragmatic rather than theoretical. 相似文献
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《Communication monographs》2012,79(1):49-69
Fear appeals have long been used in persuasive messages to motivate people to perform adaptive behaviors. This research explored the influence of a fear appeal message concerning breast cancer on attitude accessibility. Messages advocating the efficacy of breast self‐examinations increased the accessibility of attitudes toward the adaptive behavior. Further, the accessibility of participants' attitudes toward the adaptive behavior predicted behavioral intentions to perform breast self‐examinations. Attitudes toward the threat became less accessible after exposure to a high fear‐arousing message, however. Analyses suggest that defensive reactions to the fear‐inducing message mediate the influence of the message on the accessibility of the attitudes toward breast cancer. Implications of these findings for models of fear appeals are discussed. 相似文献
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《Communication monographs》2012,79(4):231-240
Subjects differing in construct comprehensiveness and cognitive complexity wrote persuasive messages directed at a fictitious target person and gave written justifications for each argument or appeal used in their messages. Messages were scored for number of appeals used and appeal justifications were scored for the degree of strategic adaptation to the message target they reflected. Construct comprehensiveness correlated positively and significantly with level of strategic adaptation; cognitive complexity correlated positively and significantly with number of appeals used and level of strategic adaptation. 相似文献
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In response to rising consumption effects on the environment, green advertisers have employed different tactics to advertise their unique products. Limited research has explored the impact of culturally congruent appeals in green advertising. A total of 118 (N) adults participated online to assess the influence of these appeals in a cross-cultural context. Findings indicate that collectivistic appeals worked best among Indian consumers while individualistic appeals were more effective for Americans. Ad novelty and environmental concern were important covariates. Implications for advertisers are discussed. 相似文献
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《Journal of Informetrics》2014,8(3):710-727
By modeling research systems as complex systems we generalize similarity measures used in the literature during the last two decades. We propose to use the mathematical tools developed within the spin-glasses literature to evaluate similarity within systems and between systems in a unified manner. Our measure is based on the ‘overlap’ of disciplinary profiles of a set of research systems and can readily be integrated in the framework of traditional bibliometric profile analysis. The investigation of the distribution of the overlaps provides useful insights on the dynamics of the general system, that is whether it converges toward a unique disciplinary structure or to a differentiated pattern.We illustrate the usefulness of the approach by investigating the dynamics of disciplinary profiles of European countries from 1996 to 2011. We analyze several bibliometric indicators (including publications and citations) of European countries in the 27 Scopus subject categories. We compare the disciplinary profiles of European countries (i) among them; (ii) with respect to the European standard; and (iii) to the World reference.We find that there is a convergence toward a unique European disciplinary profile of the scientific production even if large differences in the scientific profiles still remain. The investigation of the dynamics by year shows that developing countries are converging toward the European model while some developed countries are departing from it. 相似文献
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The purpose of this field experiment was to test hypotheses concerned with media effects on the ability to share and discuss information in administrative appeals hearings in the area of unemployment insurance. Three communication modes were compared: (a) face‐to‐face, the traditional mode; (b) split telephone, in which participants speak from locations convenient to each; and (c) office telephone, in which the agency representative is at one location and all other participants are located together at another agency office. Of the numerous tests conducted, few revealed significant differences among the three modes. These results corroborated findings from previous laboratory and field research: in‐person hearings compared favorably with the two telephone modes, and the split conference hearing tended to receive higher ratings than the office telephone configuration. 相似文献
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现代翻译文学版本研究以现代文学版本研究为基础,充分考虑翻译研究的独特性和特殊性,结合实证性研究与阐释性研究、版本考校与文本比读,以原文版本为源头,重点考察在翻译创作、传播过程中译本众版本的演进关系及背后缘由,最终发现现代翻译文学作品不同版本的不同文本本性,拓展批评解读空间,是相关译作、译家和译史研究的起点,以求对译作、译家得失有准确把握,对翻译史有全面客观评价。 相似文献
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Historical fiction, fiction about contemporary people of other cultures, and nonfiction trade books can increase children's
interest in social studies and enhance their knowledge. Dianne Monson and Kathleen Howe discuss the ways that these books
appeal to young readers and lead them to seek further understanding of historical events, foreign cultures, and Americans
from different cultural backgrounds. They offer numerous examples of books that serve this purpose for several social studies
topics.
Kathleen Howe completed her doctorate at the University of Minnesota. Her dissertation dealt with the use of children's literature
trade books in the elementary social studies curriculum. Dianne Monson is a past president of the U.S. Board on Books for
Young People and has written and lectured on children's literature throughout the curriculum. 相似文献
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This is the Guest Editor's introduction to the Special Issue on “Science of Science: Conceptualizations and Models of Science”, Journal of Informetrics. The introduction discusses challenges towards a theoretically grounded and practically useful science of science. It provides a brief chronological review of relevant work and argues for (1) the development of common frameworks for the comparison and combination of existing approaches, theories, laws, and measurements, (2) the combination of quantitative and qualitative studies of science, and (3) the operationalization of theoretical concepts in terms of measurement and empirical evidence. Next, three visual conceptualizations of science are discussed and compared. Each of them provides a framework for the comparison and combination of existing works, means to combine quantitative and qualitative data, and helps to operationalize and communicate theoretical concepts using empirical data. Last but not least, the contributions of and interlinkages among the papers included in this issue are discussed. 相似文献
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《Communication monographs》2012,79(1):28-48
It has long been recognized in the nonverbal communication literature that individual differences in extraversion are expected to be most clearly evident in expressive forms of nonverbal behavior. Although several studies designed to examine the correlation between extraversion and nonverbal behavior have been conducted, most attempts to summarize these studies reflect the inconsistent nature of the research findings. Indeed, correlations range from ?.36 to .73. The extant literature summaries are limited to narrative reviews, however, which tend to be highly selective. The purpose of this study was to meta‐analyze the relevant studies. Results indicated that the mean correlation coefficient weighted for sample size was .13 for the entire sample of studies. Although 63% of the variance was attributable to sampling error, the distribution of correlations was heterogeneous. The remaining variance was due to two methodological artifacts: sample size and the number of nonverbal behaviors coded. For example, hierarchical breakdowns by moderator indicated that the mean correlation was .50 for highly focused studies—those in which researchers concentrated on a few behaviors and limited coding to 40 or fewer subjects. A cognitive‐overload model for these findings is offered and corroborated by findings from other research domains. Implications for communication research and theory are discussed. In addition to clarifying the empirical relationship between extraversion and nonverbal behavior, the contributions of this study reside, in part, in its implications for large samples and large numbers of nonverbal behaviors coded in research and for meta‐analyses of such research literatures. 相似文献
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[目的/意义]用户的检索式行为是用户信息搜索的重要环节,本文拟通过综述的形式对这些研究进行梳理,形成较为完整的综述。[方法/过程]通过对国内外相关文献的梳理,将检索式构建行为划分为检索词、检索式和会话层三个层面,以及词汇、语法和语义三个维度,对每个维度及不同维度之间的研究的区别与联系进行讨论,并对检索式的重构行为、检索式的质量和效果评估、以及影响用户检索式行为的要素等几个方面的相关研究进行总结。[结果/结论]已有研究对于检索式行为中的检索词和检索式的词汇研究较为丰富,未来需要增加对检索式的语法和语义的研究,以便深入理解用户的检索式构成特征。另外,关于检索式重构的类别和模式的自动识别的探索有所不足。在检索式的质量和效果评估方面,还需结合多种情境因素,更深入地研究易于用户理解和利于其搜索的检索式推荐模式。 相似文献
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《Government Information Quarterly》2022,39(2):101676
In light of the accelerated growth of an aging population, coupled with the massive diffusion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), research on whether ICTs meet the needs of elderly users is important and timely. Despite the popularity of self-determination theory, few studies have adopted this theoretical framework to explain need satisfaction among this group. The continuous use of mobile government (m-government) relies on the satisfaction of citizens' needs. Through the theoretical lens of self-determination theory, we developed a research model of m-government for elders' intrinsic need satisfaction. In this model, the design factors, performance factors, and individuals' ability factors are incorporated. Based on data from 366 m-government-for-elders users in China's Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces, and through the use of structural equation modeling, the results show that complexity has a negative correlation with autonomy need satisfaction and competence need satisfaction. Visual appeal positively affects all dimensions of intrinsic need satisfaction. Information quality has a positive relationship with relatedness need satisfaction. The effects of personalization on relatedness need satisfaction and the influence of personalization on competence need satisfaction were significant. Information literacy moderates the relationship between complexity and autonomy need satisfaction, as well as between complexity and competence need satisfaction. The findings of this article enrich existing m-government research and provide practical implications for policymakers and m-government developers in China. 相似文献