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91.
This article describes the dynamic inherant in the didactic relation involving the teacher, the pupil and knowledge. Its purpose is to demonstrate the pertinance of analysing pupils’ actualizations of knowledge using the concept of «didactic contracts». In order to specify the nature of didactic contract, this concept is compared to the notion of exerimental contract between an experimenter, a subject and scholastic knowledge. This analysis draws on empirical examples from experimental situations organized either in the classroom (where the pupils are placed in the familiar situation of written tests) or outside the classrom (where each pupil is placed in a face-to-face relation with an experimenter). The actualizations of knowledge elaborated by pupils when they are asked to resolve an elementary written addition problem are therefore dealt with in the cognitive and social dimensions inherant in these situations of questioning. 相似文献
92.
The objective of our study was to investigate young people's attitudes towards modern genetics and biotechnology. Quantitative and qualitative studies were conducted among high school students in Rio de Janeiro. These included a survey of students in nine public and private schools as well as focus groups for a complementary analysis of their attitudes and perceptions with respect to these subjects. We observe that, in general, students are relatively well informed about some of the main issues related to the applications of genetics. In their assessment of the utility, the potential risks, and the need for encouragement of the different techniques used in genetic manipulation, they were able to make clear distinctions between the different purposes of each technique. Most students believed that transgenic food could be useful and that it should be encouraged, but they were also aware that there were risks involved. Furthermore, the students were strongly supportive of the labeling of transgenic food. 相似文献
93.
Val José Cajide Philipp Rita Radl Castro Ana Porto 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1998,44(5-6):583-596
Over the past ten years there has been a sweeping reform of the courses taught and qualifications awarded by Spanish universities. For that reason, an investigation was launched in 1996–97 at the University of Santiago de Compostela (in Northwest Spain) into the teaching, research and management entailed in four new degree courses: physics (years one to four), agricultural engineering (first and second years), agricultural food-processing technology (years one to three) and pharmacy. This article reports on students' opinions of the reforms in these courses, revealing dissatisfaction with facilities for practical course work, lack of connection with prospective employment, and a call for more information about courses. 相似文献
94.
95.
Two experiments evaluated history effects on induced and operant variability. College students typed three-digit sequences
on a computer keyboard. Sequence variability was induced (by no reinforcement or variation- independent reinforcement) or
reinforced (by variation- or repetition-dependent reinforcement). Conditions with induced and operant variability were presented
according to a reverse between-groups design. In Experiment 1, we examined transitions from the variation or repetition contingencies
to no reinforcement, and vice versa. In Experiment 2, the variation or repetition contingencies were followed or preceded
by variation-independent reinforcement. The results showed that (1) a history of no reinforcement impaired operant variability
learning; (2) induced variability levels were higher and lower after a history of reinforcement for variation and repetition,
respectively; (3) repetition was more easily disrupted by no reinforcement and independent reinforcement than was variation;
and (4) response variability and stability were a function of past and current reinforcement conditions. These results indicate
that reinforcement history influences both induced and operant variability levels. 相似文献
96.
Jerónimo García-Fernández Pablo Gálvez-Ruíz Jesús Fernández-Gavira Luisa Vélez-Colón Brenda Pitts Ainara Bernal-García 《Sport Management Review》2018,21(3):250-262
Due to its importance in fitness centers, a number of authors have explored and analyzed loyalty. However, two characteristics not yet examined are service convenience in fitness center chains and low-cost fitness centers (an emerging business model). In the present study, the authors sought to understand the relationship among perceived quality and service convenience on perceived value, satisfaction, and client loyalty in low-cost fitness centers. Clients (N = 763; 381 women and 382 men) from three low-cost Spanish fitness centers were surveyed, revealing a positive relationship among the variables studied. Findings demonstrate the importance of proper management of non-monetary sacrifices and perceived quality by the managers of these sport organizations, since client loyalty could depend on factors of these emerging sport models. 相似文献
97.
Jose M. Saavedra Antonio García-Hermoso Yolanda Escalante Ana M. Dominguez Raul Arellano Fernando Navarro 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(19):1783-1789
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the association between relay exchange block time and final performance in 4 × 100-m and 4 × 200-m freestyle and 4 × 100-m medley relays as a function of sex (men and women) and classification (medallists and non-medallists) in international competitions. Nineteen international competitions covering a 13-year period (2000–2012) were analysed retrospectively. The data corresponded to a total of 827 team relay histories (407 men, 420 women). Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests were performed to determine any differences by sex, classification, and event. Similarly, the relationship between the exchange block times and final performance was examined by means of a Pearson correlation analysis. In the three events, the men’s exchange block times were shorter than those of the women (η2 = 0.049–0.109; P < 0.001). The exchange block time was especially relevant for the women’s relay medallists in the 4 × 100-m freestyle (r = 0.306, P = 0.021) and 4 × 100-m medley (r = 0.385, P = 0.011), while for men the relationship was clearer for the non-medallists. These results suggest that the exchange block time should be considered as one of the performance parameters of swimming relay starts, and thus should be included explicitly as part of training. In particular, the coach could design training targeted at standardising an optimal exchange block time equal to or less than that expected for other teams in the competition. 相似文献
98.
Over the last few years, information and communication technologies have become an essential part of daily life, affecting education, employment, and leisure, among other activities. Nonetheless, many individuals still reap few or no benefits from these technologies, and there are resilient gaps in their use. Within this larger context, the authors examine the Internet digital divide between people with and without disabilities from a multidimensional approach. Rather than analyzing the gap in terms of “haves” and “have-nots,” a range of Internet-related dimensions—affordability, motivation and attitudes, skills, usage, and others—is taken into account. 相似文献
99.
100.